Defense and Security Studies Commons^™

Kontra Terorisme Oleh Kepabeanan Indonesia Penyelundupanamonium Nitrat, Yohanes Genius Putu Sanjaya

Journal of Terrorism Studies

This paper examines the strategic role of Indonesian customs in the enforcement of ammonium nitrate smuggling as a concrete manifestation of its contribution in implementing counter-terrorism policies in Indonesia. David Omand (2006) says ―an effective counter-terrorist needs coherence of efforts among a wide variety of public and private sector bodies and this is best achieved by adopting a conscious process of strategic planning‖. Some of the best practices of counter-terrorism policies in Germany, the United States and the United Kingdom show that Customs involvement is vital because every country basically has the same goal of ensuring state security and the …

Hukum Terorisme Di Singapura, Tan Evi

Journal of Terrorism Studies

Terorisme sudah bukan sebuah kata yang asing lagi bagi kita semua. Dinamika perkembangannya juga sangat cepat dan kompleks. Penanganan yang serius terhadap terorisme sangat penting bagi setiap negara karena hal ini menyangkut kredibilitas kepercayaan dunia luar terhadap negara tersebut. Di Asia Tenggara, salah satu negara teraman dari tindakan terorisme adalah negara Singapura. Keamanan dan ketahanan nasional negara Singapura terbukti kuat. Bagaimana negara ini menangani terorisme? Hal ini dapat kita lihat dari sistem negara Singapura mengaplikasikan hukum internasional dan melakukan pendekatan deradikalisasi yang manusiawi. Selain itu, dalam hal ketahanan nasional, negara ini juga melakukan investasi luar biasa dengan membangun ketahanan sosial …

Melawan Radikalisme Melalui Kontra Narasi Online, Achmad Zainal Huda

Journal of Terrorism Studies

Teknologi internet, di satu sisi memberikan kemajuan, tetapi di sisi lain, ia juga memberikan dampak buruk bagi peradaban manusia. Salah satu yang sangat berbahaya adalah kehadiran internet di tangan kelompok radikal terorisme. Di tangan kelompok radikal, saat ini, media internet menjadi media efektif dalam peningkatan propaganda, pembangunan jaringan, dan sarana rekrutmen baru. Kejahatan cyberterrorism menjadi fenomena yang sekian lama menghujani dunia sosial kita. Bagaimana melakukan perlawanan terhadap radikalisme dunia maya tersebut? Tulisan ini melalui metode riset pustaka dan diperkuat dengan pengumpulan data di lapangan berupaya mendiskripsikan tentang radikalisasi online. Dari temuan ini, maka kontra narasi online menjadi langkah yang perlu …

Analisis Kelompok Teroris Boko Haram:Bagaimana Akan Berakhir?, Flamanda Jeine Tampomuri

Journal of Terrorism Studies

Boko haram adalah kelompok teroris yang masih aktif di Nigeria. Untuk membuat strategi besar dalam memerangi kelompok teror, perlu untuk memahami variabelvariabel yang dapat membuat suatu kelompok teroris berakhir. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis bagaimana Boko Haram bisa berakhir. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data yaitu observasi dan studi literatur. Para peneliti sebelumnya mengidentifikasi bahwa ada beberapa variabel yang dapat mempengaruhi bahkan membuat kelompok teroris berakhir, diantaranya yaitu dengan penangkapan atau pembunuhan pemimpin kelompok, kelompok mencapai tujuan atau kesuksesan, kelompok mengalami kegagalan, kelompok bernegosiasi atau bertransisi ke politik yang sah, menggunakan kekuatan …

Strengths And Weaknesses Of The Legal Strategies To Combat Sea Piracy In Nigeria, Siraja Zamfara Ibrahim

World Maritime University Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Saudi Arabia And Regional Cooperation Agreements Against Transnational Maritime Crime : Recaap And Dcoc In Perspective, Feras Alsulaiman

World Maritime University Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Explosive Ordnance Risk Education: Sector Mapping And Needs Analysis, Gichd

Global CWD Repository

The dramatic rise in the number of civilian casualties from explosive ordnance (EO) since 2013 has triggered a debate in the mine action (MA) sector about the effectiveness of explosive ordnance risk education (EORE) (often shortened to risk education – RE). This rapid appraisal of EORE approaches, capacity, coordination and resources examines how the EORE sector is responding to new and emerging EO threats and violent operating environments to identify EORE good practices and potential needs. This report, based on document review and interviews with MA stakeholders conducted between mid-May and mid-June 2019, summarizes the research findings.

Norway's Lessons, Harald Hoiback

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

This article argues Norway’s minor role in the Afghanistan War (2001–14) included opportunities to learn about the evolution of military deployments over the course of a prolonged counterinsurgency-focused conflict, the civilian and military dynamics, and the political challenges of contributing to such a conflict.

Making The War Colleges Better, Richard A. Lacquement Jr

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

No abstract provided.

Educating Strategic Lieutenants At Sandhurst, An Jacobs

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

This article examines how well military education at the Royal Military Academy of Sandhurst delivers lieutenants capable of coping with the complexities of their operational environment and the strategic implications of their decisions.

Article Index, Usawc Press

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

No abstract provided.

Guidance On Protection From Sexual Exploitation And Abuse, Gichd

Global CWD Repository

Sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA) by humanitarian workers are some of the most serious failures of protection and are grave violations of the responsibility of humanitarian personnel to do no harm. Whereas instances of SEA are not a new occurrence, the pervasiveness of this phenomenon was only exposed to the public eye in 2002 following allegations of SEA by aid workers against refugees and displaced women and children in West Africa. Acknowledging that the problem was global, the Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) Task Force on Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (PSEA) was established in 2002 with the short-term purpose …

Taking The War Colleges From Good To Great, Richard D. Hooker Jr.

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

No abstract provided.

Parameters Winter 2019 – 2020, Usawc Press

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

No abstract provided.

Denmark's Lessons, Sten Rynning

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

This article argues despite opportunities to learn valuable strategic lessons from Denmark’s effort in the Afghanistan War (2001–14), Danish civil authorities implemented a comprehensive approach policy that failed to establish a bridge to lessons learned by the military. Denmark’s experience in the Afghanistan War demonstrates promises and perils of lessons learned processes.

Book Reviews, Usawc Press

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

No abstract provided.

From The Editor, Antulio J. Echevarria Ii

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

No abstract provided.

Australia's Lessons, Rhys Crawley

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

This article analyzes Australia’s contribution to the Afghanistan War from 2001 to 2014. It recommends policymakers and practitioners consider applying a whole-of-government approach, embedding personnel in coalition headquarters, and limiting reliance on Special Forces soldiers in future interventions.

Educating Strategic Lieutenants At West Point, Scott A. Silverstone

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

This article argues West Point responded to the changing strategic environment from the end of the Cold War through the post-9/11 period by innovating its curriculum. Over the past several decades, however, the academy’s educational model has remained remarkably stable, rooted in an enduring commitment to a rigorous liberal education as the best preparation for officers confronting the inherent uncertainties of future wars.

“Smashing Into Crowds” -- An Analysis Of Vehicle Ramming Attacks, Brian Michael Jenkins, Bruce R. Butterworth

Mineta Transportation Institute

Vehicle ramming attacks are not new. But since 2010 Jihadists have urged their use. Is this the wave of the future, or a terrorist fad? To answer this and other questions the authors expanded and updated the database used in their May 2018 MTI Security Perspective entitled An Analysis of Vehicle Ramming as a Terrorist Threat to include 184 attacks since January 1, 1970. They also reviewed literature and examined some cases in detail. This MTI Security perspective indicates that while not new, vehicle rammings are more frequent and lethal since 2014, although the number of attacks seems to be …

How U.S. Government Policy Documents Are Addressing The Increasing National Security Implications Of Artificial Intelligence, Bert Chapman

Libraries Faculty and Staff Presentations

Artificial intelligence is affecting many areas of our lives and governmental policy. National security is one arena in which artificial intelligence is playing an increasingly important and controversial role. U.S. Government and military agencies are producing a steadily expanding corpus of publicly available literature on this topic. This literature documents how these agencies have this topic's national security implications historically and currently while also addressing potentially emerging national security issues where artificial intelligence will intersect with national security. This presentation demonstrates examples of the growing variety of publicly available national security artificial intelligence literature while also addressing the implications of …

Cyber Metaphors And Cyber Goals: Lessons From “Flatland”, Pierre Trepagnier

Military Cyber Affairs

Reasoning about complex and abstract ideas is greatly influenced by the choice of metaphors through which they are represented. In this paper we consider the framing effect in military doctrine of considering cyberspace as a domain of action, parallel to the traditional domains of land, sea, air, and space. By means of the well-known Victorian science-fiction novella Flatland, we offer a critique of this dominant cyber metaphor. In Flatland, the problems of lower-dimensional beings comprehending additional dimensions are explored at some length. Inspired by Flatland, our suggested alternate metaphor for cyber is an additional (fourth) dimension. We …

The Ira, Social Media And Political Polarization In The United States, 2012-2018, Philip N. Howard, Bharath Ganesh, Dimitra Liotsiou, John Kelly, Camille François

United States Senate Documents

Russia’s Internet Research Agency (IRA) launched an extended attack on the United States by using computational propaganda to misinform and polarize US voters. This report provides the first major analysis of this attack based on data provided by social media firms to the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence (SSCI).

This analysis answers several key questions about the activities of the known IRA accounts. In this analysis, we investigate how the IRA exploited the tools and platforms of Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and YouTube to impact US users. We identify which aspects of the IRA’s campaign strategy got the most traction on …

The Tactics & Tropes Of The Internet Research Agency, Renee Diresta, Kris Shaffer, Becky Ruppel, David Sullivan, Robert Matney, Ryan Fox, Jonathan Albright, Ben Johnson

United States Senate Documents

Upon request by the United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence (SSCI), New Knowledge reviewed an expansive data set of social media posts and metadata provided to SSCI by Facebook, Twitter, and Alphabet, plus a set of related data from additional platforms. The data sets were provided by the three primary platforms to serve as evidence for an investigation into the Internet Research Agency (IRA) influence operations. The organic post content in this data set has never previously been seen by the public. Our report quantifies and contextualizes Internet Research Agency (IRA) influence operations targeting American citizens from 2014 through …

Report Of The Select Committee On Intelligence United States Senate On Russian Active Measures Campaigns And Interference In The 2016 U.S. Election: Volume 1: Russian Efforts Against Election Infrastructure, With Additional Views, Select Committee On Intelligence United States Senate

United States Senate Documents

From 2017 to 2019, the Committee held hearings, conducted interviews, and reviewed intelligence related to Russian attempts in 2016 to access election infrastructure. The Committee sought to determine the extent of Russian activities, identify the response of the U.S. Government at the state, local, and federal level to the threat, and make recommendations on how to better prepare for such threats in the future. 1 he Committee received testimony from state election officials, Obama administration officials, and those in the Intelligence Community and elsewhere in the U.S. Government responsible for evaluating threats to elections.

he Russian govemment directed extensive activity, …

Nuclear Weapons Ban Monitor 2019, Npa

Global CWD Repository

Nuclear disarmament, including the elimination of all nuclear weapons and related development programmes, has been a central goal of the international community for decades. Under international law, only the 2017 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) obligates all its states parties to destroy all nuclear weapons and other nuclear explosive devices under their jurisdiction or control and to never develop, produce, or control any such devices, much less test or use them. This comprehensive rejection by law of a uniquely inhumane and indiscriminate weapon is the embodiment of Article VI of the 1968 Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of …

Water And War: The Potential For Perpetuation Of Conflict Due To Climate Change, Kaufman Butler

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Climate change has had a dramatic impact on the world’s weather for years, scientists can only make predictions about how global climate will continue to change going forward; but in all scenarios the circumstances are quite dire. The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) will see some of the most severe effects of climate change, which will permanently alter the lives of millions of people in the region. In the MENA region, climate change is projected to result in extreme drought and temperatures which will lead to increased water scarcity, in what is already the most water poor region in …

Report Of The Select Committee On Intelligence United States Senate On Russian Active Measures Campaigns And Interference In The 2016 U.S. Election: Volume 2: Russia's Use Of Social Media, With Additional Views, Select Committee On Intelligence United States Senate

United States Senate Documents

In 2016, Russian operatives associated with the St. Petersburg-based Internet Research Agency (IRA) used social media to conduct an information warfare campaign designed to spread disinformation and societal division in the United States. Masquerading as Americans, these operatives used targeted advertisements, intentionally falsified news articles, self-generated content, and social media platform tools to interact with and attempt to deceive tens of millions of social media users in the United States. This campaign sought to polarize Americans on the basis of societal, ideological, and racial differences, provoked real world events, and was part of a foreign government's covert support of Russia's …

Deconstructing Perceptions Of The Border Patrol At The U.S.-Mexico Border, Claire H. Woodward

Student Publications

The U.S.-Mexico border is a space for public debate on the legal and political aspects of immigration. Politicization of the southern border has resulted in polarized public opinion regarding immigration, leading to discrepancies between public perceptions of the Border Patrol and agents’ perceptions of their job. Agents’ work requires emotional labor, and lack of training for difficult encounters, pressure within the agency to detach from emotions, and public outcry lead to dissonance in agent perceptions of their own role in immigration enforcement. In addition, economic, ethnic, and gender-based factors contribute to agent identities, which intersect with perceptions of their roles …

Demining In Urban Centers Is A Race Against Time, Pascal Rapillard, Jeremy Repond

Global CWD Repository

Identifying and clearing explosive ordnances in formerly embattled areas in Iraq is a matter of priority as refugees and internally displaced persons are returning to their homes. It is a race against time.