International Economics Commons^™

Globalization Of Financial Markets And The Asian Crisis: Some Lessons For Third World Developing Countries, Jong H. Park

Faculty Articles

Park examines the causes of the Asian financial crisis and draws some lessons and implications for a series of issues, which may be of particular relevance to the Third World developing countries. These issues include: the appropriate role of the International Monetary Fund as an international agency in charge of helping member countries to maintain financial stability; the choice of an appropriate exchange rate regime and use of restrictions on private capital flows in the face of rising globalization; and the debate on the East Asian model of economic development.

Networking And Foreign Direct Investment Activity, Bruce A. Blonigen, Rossitza B. Wooster

Economics Faculty Publications and Presentations

We conduct an empirical investigation into whether networking effects affect foreign direct investment (FDI) activity. Using bibliographical information on CEOs’ birth and education locations, we are able to identify changes from U.S. to foreign-connected CEOs that occurred in U.S. manufacturing firms of the S&P 500 from 1992 through 1997. Robust to a variety of specifications, we find that a U.S. firm’s switch from a U.S.- to a foreign-connected CEO leads to substantial increases in the firm’s proportion of its assets and sales that are in foreign markets. In fact, our preferred specification indicates that foreign asset and sales proportions increase …

Why Does Pakistan Have To Accumulate Foreign Reserves?, Ishrat Husain Dr.

Faculty Research - Newspaper and Magazine Articles

The critics of the present policy on reserve accumulation fall into three distinct categories. The first group consists of ‘I don’t accept’ type who do not wish to be bothered with any facts and for them this is simply juggling of statistics. They do not have any credibility in these numbers and don’t believe that the country has so much reserves. For them, I can only pray that Allah opens their minds and allows them to see some light. They can, if they choose to do so, verify the credibility of these statistics by looking at our weekly statements over …

Endogenous Tariff Formation With Intra-Industry Trade, Pao-Li Chang

Research Collection School Of Economics

Previous theoretical contributions on endogenous tariff formation have focused on trade models with homogeneous goods and constant returns to scale. This paper investigates the political equilibrium of trade policy when economic structure is instead characterized by differentiated products and increasing returns to scale and there exists intra-industry trade. The result shows that endogenous tariffs are positive for all industries with non-negligible shares of world production. However, the level of protection is less than the optimal tariff that would otherwise be imposed by a benevolent government in an unorganized industry, and higher in an organized industry. The protection provided to all …

The Evolution And Utilization Of The Gatt/Wto Dispute Settlement Mechanism, Pao Li Chang

Research Collection School Of Economics

This paper attempts to study the usage of the GATT/WTO dispute settlement mechanism and to explain its patterns across different regimes and decades, using a unified theoretical model. This study first explores the role of the degree of legal controversy over a panel ruling in determining countries’ incentives to block/appeal a panel report under the GATT/WTO regime. The model is able to explain the surge in blocking incidence during the 1980s over the preceding GATT years and the immense frequency at which the new appellate procedure under the WTO is invoked. Furthermore, a two-sided asymmetric information framework is used to …

Schwartz Conference, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes:

• Flyer for the Globalization and the myths of free trade conference at the New School University. (2003, April 18). Unpublished promotional flyer. The New School University.

• Printing quotation for flyers and invitations for the Schwartz conference, with handwritten note regarding copies of project reports for globalization materials. (2003, April 8). Unpublished printing quotation with annotated handwritten note [Manuscript with annotations]. (A. Shaikh, PhD, annotator).

• Printing quotation for posters for the Schwartz conference. (2003, April 8). Unpublished printing quotation. [Printer not identified].

• Guest check for the globalization conference. (2003, April 18). Unpublished receipt. [Vendor …

Why Are Chinese Products Cheaper?, P R Karthik, Muthulingam Suresh

IIMB Management Review

Chinese products of comparable quality, novel conception and low prices have been flooding the Indian market. The differential in price ranges from 20% to as high as 50%. ‘Dumping!’ has been the outcry by our businessmen, nurtured over five decades by the license raj, and many industry circles have been clamouring for protectionism. Conversely, companies are sourcing products for the Indian market from China and some like the Patel Group are proposing to shift their entire operations to China. One of the mainstays of the Chinese strategy of following a mass-production and mass-consumption formula, is to keep the profit margins …

The Economics Of Corruption In Developing Countries, Ramchandra Akkihal, Harlan M. Smith Ii, Roger Adkins

Economics Faculty Research

Official corruption, unfortunately, is endemic in the developing world. One factor in the spread of this illegal activity has been the propensity of developing-country governments to intervene heavily in their economies, often in the attempt to guide, direct, and control economic activity in order to promote the desired pace and style of economic development. Such regulatory efforts, though now on the wane in much of the developing world, continue to generate opportunities in many countries for bureaucrats in control of scarce resources to allocate them on a non-market basis, to further their own economic, political, and social prospects.

Economic Crisis In South East Asia : A Study Of Implications For Global Economy By Surendra S Yadav And P K Jain, Hindustan Publishing Corporation, Delhi, 2000., Pradeep Banerjee

IIMB Management Review

No abstract provided.

Has Training Helped Employ Xiagang In China? A Tale From Two Cities, Benu Bidani, Chor-Ching Goh, Christopher J. O'Leary

Reports

This study evaluates the effectiveness of training programs for workers retrenched from Chinese state-owned enterprises in the cities of Shenyang and Wuhan. A variety of impact estimators were applied, however ordinary least squares (OLS) controlling for observable characteristic s was robust. We find that training dampens reemployment prospects in Shenyang but improves them in Wuhan. Training impact estimates computed by propensity score and log odds ratio matching imposing various support condition rules, yielded estimates very similar to those from the OLS. The estimates suggest that participation in training reduces the probability of being employed one year after participation by about …

On The Edge Of Scarcity: Environment, Resources, Population, Sustainability, And Conflict, Michael N. Dobkowski, Isidor Wallimann

Program for the Advancement of Research on Conflict and Collaboration

These essays address one of the most pressing and significant issues that humanity has confronted to date - the lack of life-sustaining resources. Michael N. Dobkowski and Isidor Wallimann establish a disturbing but realistic scenario of the disastrous future that awaits humankind as surplus populations collide with dwindling resources. Authors consider a number of cause-and-effect situations on industrialization, biophysical limits, exponential population growth, and genocide, to name a few. This volume is a critical contribution to the field and will serve as an ideal introduction to courses in the environment, population, resources, genocide, and social conflict.

The U.S.-Taiwan Free Trade Area Agreement: A Bridge For Economic Integration In The Asia-Pacific Region, Peter C.Y. Chow

Maryland Series in Contemporary Asian Studies

No abstract provided.

The Role Of World Trade Organizations In Settling Trade Disputes Between The United States And The European Union, Erin Walker

Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal

Description of Topic: In settling trade disputes, members of the World Trade Organization use a dispute settlement mechanism set forth in the Uruguay Round of trade negotiations. This multilateral system of settling disputes is implemented if a member believes other members are violating trade rules. Disputes arise when countries adopt policies that break the WTO agreements or that cause them to fail to fulfill obligations. Dispute settlement procedures have existed under many different trade agreements. While current processes are more effective than those of past agreements, they still lack credibility and effectiveness. Research and Results: The United States and the …

Promoting Foreign Direct Investment In Bulgaria, Vessela Kapoulian

Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal

This paper examines the factors that favor Foreign Direct Investment ( FDI) in Bulgaria and recommends public policy changes that will enhance the international competitiveness of Bulgaria. Four factors that favor an increase in FDI in Bulgaria are clearly identified. First, although the economic environment is considered challenging compared to other countries in the region, Bulgaria enjoys political stability. Second, Bulgaria offers a low-cost, well-educated labor pool, although additional public investments in foreign language training may be needed. Third, there are investment opportunities for infrastructure development through privatization in the areas of energy, information technology (IT), and transportation. Bulgaria is …

Labor And Globalization Conference, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes.

• Shaikh, A., PhD. (n.d.). Import share and terms of trade in OECD countries [Graphs].

• Shaikh, A., PhD. (2000, November 22). Estimating import equations [Document].

• Shaikh, A., PhD. (2001, October 12). Thirwall project [Document].

• Conti, A. (2001, October 12). Log of import share and log of relative prices (Pm/Py) [Graphs and handwritten notes].

• Conti, A. (2001, October 12). Testing for structural break via dummies [Graphs and handwritten notes].

• Shaikh, A., PhD. (2001, August). Regression outputs for import functions with dummies for Austria, France, and Japan [Regression outputs].

• Conti, A. (2001, March …

Sovereign Bonds And The Collective Will, Lee C. Buchheit, G. Mitu Gulati

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

My Trade Models, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes.

• Shaikh, A., PhD. (n.d.). My trade models [Folder cover].

• Shaikh, A., PhD. (1992, October 27). Dynamics of XR adjustment [Unpublished handwritten notes].

• Shaikh, A., PhD. (1992, October 20). BOT and XR theory [Unpublished handwritten notes].

• Shaikh, A., PhD. (1991, February 26). Dynamic models of XR theory [Unpublished handwritten notes].

• Shaikh, A., PhD. (1990, July 30). Dynamics of XR adjustment [Unpublished handwritten notes].

• Shaikh, A., PhD. (1990, July 30). Dynamic XR adjustment [Unpublished handwritten notes].

• Shaikh, A., PhD. (1992, January 11). BOP model and XR: Basic adjustment process [Unpublished handwritten notes]. …

The Economics Of Private Law Harmonization, John Linarelli

Scholarly Works

No abstract provided.

The Political Economy Of Wto Dispute Settlement: Toward A Synthesis Of International Regime Theories, Christopher L. Griffin

University Avenue Undergraduate Journal of Economics

This paper analyzes the explanatory power of mainstream international regime theories from the international political economy (IPE) literature—neoliberalism, realism, and cognitivism—through formal econometric techniques. I use a data set based on 162 dispute settlement cases since the inception of the World Trade Organization and find that the probability of a Dispute Settlement Panel (DSP) forming depends on the share of exports for a target country as a share of its total exports as well as relative gaps in military expenditures (as a share of GDP). These results are highly robust to different model specifications and control variable choice. Though the …

Globalization, Inequality, And The Rich Countries Of The G-20: Evidence From The Luxembourg Income Study (Lis), Timothy M. Smeeding

Center for Policy Research

The purpose of this study is to summarize and comment upon what we know about the determinants of both the level and trend in economic inequality over the past two decades, and to relate these findings to the progress of globalization in these nations. While the fruits of economic progress in rich nations have not been equally spread, we argue that most citizens enrich Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) nations have benefited from the trend toward global economic progress. We begin with a summary of the differences in overall economic inequality within the G-20 nations based on LIS …

The New Basel Capital Accord: Making It Effective With Stronger Market Discipline, Harald Benink, Clas Wihlborg

Business Faculty Articles and Research

In January 2001 the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision proposed a new capital adequacy framework to respond to deficiencies in the 1988 Capital Accord on credit risk. The main elements or ‘pillars’ of the proposal are capital requirements based on the internal risk-ratings of individual banks, expanded and active supervision, and information disclosure requirements to enhance market discipline. We discuss the incentive effects of the proposed regulation. In particular, we argue that it provides incentives for banks to develop new ways to evade the intended consequences of the proposed regulation. Supervision alone cannot prevent banks from ‘gaming and manipulation’ of …

Imports, Exports, And Jobs: What Does Trade Mean For Employment And Job Loss?, Lori G. Kletzer

Upjohn Press

Kletzer adds to our understanding of the magnitude of the costs and benefits of free trade. She presents a focused examination of the relationship between changes in international trade, employment, and job displacement for a sample of U.S. manufacturing industries. The link between international trade and domestic jobs is also explored through studies of both net and gross employment job change.

Perkembangan Perdagangan, Perkapalan Dan Pelabuhan Di British Borneo, 1800-1963, Hanizah Idris

Student Works (2000-2009)

For the last two decades, there have been remarkably few works that have dealt with British Borneo as a whole. Over time, different works particularly on the political and anthropological aspects have been written on British Borneo but separately as an individual state. Therefore, this thesis focuses on the development of trade, shipping and ports that are also of major significance in the study of British Borneo. From 1800 to 1963, British Borneo had experienced tremendous changes in the development of trade, shipping and ports. As a resource based territory, it has attracted traders and entrepreneurs from other parts of …

Political Economy- Review Of Political Economy And Social Sciences, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes.

• Laibman, D. (2002, Spring). The un-simple analytics of temporal value calculation. Political economy: Review of political economy and social sciences (Issue 10), 5–16. Athens, Greece: Ellinika Grammata.

Linkages Between The Malaysian And Other Selected Stock Markets Before And After The 1997 Financial Crisis : Evidence From Cointegration Tests, Ai Ting Foo

Student Works (2000-2009)

A lot of focus has been placed on the interdependence of stock markets over the last two decades in view of the trend towards market deregulation and globalization of economies. Therefore, this paper attempts to examine the linkages among the stock markets pre- and post-1997 financial crisis. This paper analyzes the linkages between the Malaysian stock market with the United States of America (US), Hong Kong, Taiwan, South Korea, Singapore, Thailand, Indonesia and Philippines using pairwise cointegration. The study uses weekly data from January 1994 to Jun 2001. Johansen and Juselius (JJ) ( 1990) co integration approach is used to …

Estimation Of The Equilibrium Exchange Rate In Malaysia, Ying Foong Yoong

Student Works (2000-2009)

In this study, we examine the long-nm relationships of the exchange rate of ringgit Malaysia through three difference methods. Firstly, we estimate the ringgit Malaysia with a simple Big Mac index. The results show that the ringgit Malaysia is undervalued since 1993. Secondly, we used the co-integrating techniques to examine the long-run relationship of the exchange rate of ringgit Malaysia against United States dollar vis-a-vis other Asian currencies, namely Japanese yen and Singapore dollar against United States dollar. The short-term impact of these variables are also estimated by an error-correction model. Our results show that the Purchasing Power Parity does …

Analisis Kesan-Kesan Kemasukan Pelaburan Langsung Asing (Fdi) Ke Atas Ekonomi Malaysia, Zuriyati Ahmad

Student Works (2000-2009)

Peranan pelaburan langsung asing (FDI) sebagai pemangkin kepada pertumbuhan ekonomi Malaysia tidak dapat dinafikan semenjak dari tiga dekad yang lepas. Ia telah memberi banyak sumbangan dan faedah kepada pembangunan negara Malaysia. Malah FDI turut menjadi satu fenomena ekonomi yang penting terutamanya di era globalisasi. Menyedari hakikat ini, kajian yang dilakukan adalah bertujuan untuk melihat kesan­kesan yang dihasilkan oleh kemasukan FDI di Malaysia secara ekonometrik. Kajian selama tiga dekad ini (1970-2000) lebih menumpukan ke atas kesan-kesan kemasukan FDI melalui 3 saluran utama seperti sektor benar (pelaburan swasta, penggunaan swasta, eksport dan import), sektor kewangan dan output pengeluaran. Di samping itu, faktor­faktor …

The Implications Of China's Entry To World Trade Organization (Wto) : Perceptions Of Malaysia Managers In Electronic Industry, Hong Nian Gan

Student Works (2000-2009)

No abstract provided.

Strategies To Market Malaysian Palm Oil Overseas, Teck Chaii Lim

Student Works (2000-2009)

Malaysia is the world's largest producer and exporter of palm oil. With the growing volume of production of palm oil and other vegetable oils and fats throughout the world, competition for these oils including palm oil has intensified and will become more intense in the future. With the more competitive environment, Malaysia's palm oil industrial players has to put up a number of good strategies in order to maintain its position as the world's number one exporter and sustain its market share in the world's oils and fats trade. This increased competitiveness has triggered much concern and attention ought to …

Kajian Empiris Ke Atas Perhubungan Pelaburan Langsung Asing, Tabungan Dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Tajul Ariffin Masron

Student Works (2000-2009)

Menjelang era globalisasi, seperti negara-negara yang lain, Malaysia juga tidak ketinggalan untuk meningkatkan daya saing. Pengalaman menunjukkan bahawa Malaysia tidak dapat lari daripada bergantung kepada modal asing, terutamanya pelaburan langsung asing (FOi). Dengan adanya usaha mewujudkan Koridor Raya Multimedia (MSC), iaitu satu usaha membawa Malaysia kepada dunia teknologi maklumat, pergantungan Malaysia terhadap modal asing semakin menjadi jelas, bukan setakat kerana Malaysia kekurangan modal, tetapi perkara terpenting ialah kerana keperluan teknologi asing yang tinggi untuk menjayaka projek ini. Walaupun Malaysia berjaya menarik pelaburan asing ke negara ini, tetapi persoalan yang wujud sekarang ialah sejauh mana pelaburan langsung asing telah berjaya k …