Algebraic Geometry Commons^™

Groups Of Graphs Of Groups, David P. Byrne, Matthew J. Donner, Thomas Q. Sibley

Mathematics Faculty Publications

We classify all groups of color preserving automorphisms (isometries) of edge colored complete graphs derived from finite groups.

Closure Operations In Commutative Rings, Chloette Joy Samsam

Theses Digitization Project

The purpose of this study is to survey different types of closures and closure operations on commutative rings and ideals.

Monomial And Permutation Representation Of Groups, Rebeca Maria Blanquet

Theses Digitization Project

The purpose of this project is to introduce another method of working with groups, that is more efficient when the groups we wish to work with are of a significantly large finite order. When we wish to work with small finite groups, we use permutations and matrices. Although these two methods are the general methods of working with groups, they are not always efficient.

Cassini Ovals As Elliptic Curves, Nozomi Arakaki

Theses Digitization Project

The purpose of this project is to show that Cassini curves that are not lemniscates, when b does not equal 1, represent elliptic curves. It is also shown that the cross-ratios of these elliptic curves are either real numbers or represented by complex numbers on the unit circle on the conplex plane.

Non-Genera Of Curves With Automorphisms In Characteristic P, Darren B. Glass

Math Faculty Publications

We consider which integers g and r can occur respectively as the genus and p-rank of a curve defined over a field of odd characteristics p which admits an automorphism of degree p.

Non Associative Linear Algebras, Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this book authors for the first time introduce the notion of non associative vector spaces and non associative linear algebras over a field. We construct non associative space using loops and groupoids over fields. In general in all situations, which we come across to find solutions may not be associative; in such cases we can without any difficulty adopt these non associative vector spaces/linear algebras. Thus this research is a significant one.

This book has six chapters. First chapter is introductory in nature. The new concept of non associative semilinear algebras is introduced in chapter two. This structure is …

Dual Numbers, Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

Dual numbers was first introduced by W.K. Clifford in 1873. This nice concept has lots of applications; to screw systems, modeling plane joint, iterative methods for displacement analysis of spatial mechanisms, inertial force analysis of spatial mechanisms etc. In this book the authors study dual numbers in a special way. The main aim of this book is to find rich sources of new elements g such that g2 = 0. The main sources of such new elements are from Zn, n a composite number. We give algebraic structures on them. This book is organized into six chapters. The final chapter …

Exploring The Extension Of Natural Operations On Intervals, Matrices And Complex Numbers, Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

This book extends the natural operations defined on intervals, finite complex numbers and matrices. The intervals [a, b] are such that a ≤ b. But the natural class of intervals [a, b] introduced by the authors are such that a ≥ b or a need not be comparable with b. This way of defining natural class of intervals enables the authors to extend all the natural operations defined on reals to these natural class of intervals without any difficulty. Thus with these natural class of intervals working with interval matrices like stiffness matrices finding eigenvalues takes the same time as …

Natural Product Xn On Matrices, Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this book the authors introduce a new product on matrices called the natural product. ...

Thus by introducing natural product we can find the product of column matrices and product of two rectangular matrices of same order. Further this product is more natural which is just identical with addition replaced by multiplication on these matrices. Another fact about natural product is this enables the product of any two super matrices of same order and with same type of partition. We see on supermatrices products cannot be defined easily which prevents from having any nice algebraic structure on the collection …

Innovative Uses Of Matrices, Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy, Indra Venkatbabu

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this book authors bring out the innovative applications of matrices defined, described and developed by them. Here they do not include the natural product on matrices newly described and defined by them in the book on ‘natural product ×n on matrices’.

This book is organized into seven chapters. The first one is introductory in nature. In the second chapter authors give the unique and new way of analyzing the data which is time dependent. We construct three types of matrices called Average Time Dependent data matrix (ATD matrix), Refined Time Dependent Data matrix (RTD matrix) and Combined Effective Time …

Supermodular Lattices, Florentin Smarandache, Iqbal Unnisa, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In lattice theory the two well known equational class of lattices are the distributive lattices and the modular lattices. All distributive lattices are modular however a modular lattice in general is not distributive.

In this book, new classes of lattices called supermodular lattices and semi-supermodular lattices are introduced and characterized as follows: A subdirectly irreducible supermodular lattice is isomorphic to the two element chain lattice C2 or the five element modular lattice M3. A lattice L is supermodular if and only if L is a subdirect union of a two element chain C2 and the five element modular lattice M3.

Special Dual Like Numbers And Lattices, Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this book the authors introduce a new type of dual numbers called special dual like numbers. These numbers are constructed using idempotents in the place of nilpotents of order two as new element. That is x = a + bg is a special dual like number where a and b are reals and g is a new element such that g2 =g. The collection of special dual like numbers forms a ring. Further lattices are the rich structures which contributes to special dual like numbers. These special dual like numbers x = a + bg; when a and b …

Non Associative Algebraic Structures Using Finite Complex Numbers, Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

Authors in this book for the first time have constructed nonassociative structures like groupoids, quasi loops, non associative semirings and rings using finite complex modulo integers. The Smarandache analogue is also carried out. We see the nonassociative complex modulo integers groupoids satisfy several special identities like Moufang identity, Bol identity, right alternative and left alternative identities. P-complex modulo integer groupoids and idempotent complex modulo integer groupoids are introduced and characterized. This book has six chapters. The first one is introductory in nature. Second chapter introduces complex modulo integer groupoids and complex modulo integer loops.

Neutrosophic Super Matrices And Quasi Super Matrices, Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this book authors study neutrosophic super matrices. The concept of neutrosophy or indeterminacy happens to be one the powerful tools used in applications like FCMs and NCMs where the expert seeks for a neutral solution. Thus this concept has lots of applications in fuzzy neutrosophic models like NRE, NAM etc. These concepts will also find applications in image processing where the expert seeks for a neutral solution. Here we introduce neutrosophic super matrices and show that the sum or product of two neutrosophic matrices is not in general a neutrosophic super matrix. Another interesting feature of this book is …

The Geometry Of Homological Triangles, Florentin Smarandache, Ion Patrascu

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

This book is addressed to students, professors and researchers of geometry, who will find herein many interesting and original results. The originality of the book The Geometry of Homological Triangles consists in using the homology of triangles as a “filter” through which remarkable notions and theorems from the geometry of the triangle are unitarily passed. Our research is structured in seven chapters, the first four are dedicated to the homology of the triangles while the last ones to their applications. In the first chapter one proves the theorem of homological triangles (Desargues, 1636), one survey the remarkable pairs of homological …

Centric Cardinal Sine Function, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

According to any standard dictionary, the word "cardinal" is synonymous with "principal", "essential", "fundamental". In centric mathematics (CM), or ordinary mathematics, cardinal is, on the one hand, a number equal to a number of finite aggregate, called the power of the aggregate, and on the other hand, known as the sine cardinal sinc(x) or cosine cardinal cosc(x), is a special function defined by the centric circular function (CCF). sin(x) and cos(x) are commonly used in undulatory physics (see Figure 1) and whose graph, the graph of cardinal sine, which is called as "Mexican hat" (sombrero) because of its shape.

Infinitary Equivalence Of Zp- Modules With Nice Decomposition Bases, Rüdiger Göbel, Katrin Leistner, Peter Loth, Lutz Strüngmann

Mathematics Faculty Publications

Warfield modules are direct summands of simply presented Z_p - modules, or, alternatively, are Z_p - modules possessing a nice decomposition basis with simply presented cokernel. They have been classified up to isomorphism by theor Ilm-Kaplansky and Warfield invariants. Taking a model theoretic point of view and using infinitary languages we give here a complete theoretic characterization of a large class of Z_p - modules having a nice decomposition basis. As a corollary, we obtain the classical classification of countable Warfield modules. This generalizes results by Barwise and Eklof.

Homology Of Artinian Modules Over Commutative Noetherian Rings, Micah J. Leamer

Department of Mathematics: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

This work is primarily concerned with the study of artinian modules over commutative noetherian rings.

We start by showing that many of the properties of noetherian modules that make homological methods work seamlessly have analogous properties for artinian modules. We prove many of these properties using Matlis duality and a recent characterization of Matlis reflexive modules. Since Matlis reflexive modules are extensions of noetherian and artinian modules many of the properties that hold for artinian and noetherian modules naturally follow for Matlis reflexive modules and more generally for mini-max modules.

In the last chapter we prove that if the Betti …

Integer Optimization And Computational Algebraic Topology, Bala Krishnamoorthy

Systems Science Friday Noon Seminar Series

We present recently discovered connections between integer optimization, or integer programming (IP), and homology. Under reasonable assumptions, these results lead to efficient solutions of several otherwise hard-to-solve problems from computational topology and geometric analysis. The main result equates the total unimodularity of the boundary matrix of a simplicial complex to an algebraic topological condition on the complex (absence of relative torsion), which is often satisfied in real-life applications . When the boundary matrix is totally unimodular, the problem of finding the shortest chain homologous under Z (ring of integers) to a given chain, which is inherently an integer program, can …

Two Triangles With The Same Orthocenter And A Vectorial Proof Of Stevanovic's Theorem, Florentin Smarandache, Ion Patrascu

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this article we'll emphasize on two triangles...

Minimax And Maximin Fitting Of Geometric Objects To Sets Of Points, Yan B. Mayster

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This thesis addresses several problems in the facility location sub-area of computational geometry. Let S be a set of n points in the plane. We derive algorithms for approximating S by a step function curve of size k < n, i.e., by an x-monotone orthogonal polyline ℜ with k < n horizontal segments. We use the vertical distance to measure the quality of the approximation, i.e., the maximum distance from a point in S to the horizontal segment directly above or below it. We consider two types of problems: min-ε, where the goal is to minimize the error for a …

A Study On The Modular Structures Of Z₂S₃ And Z₅S₃, Bethany Michelle Tasaka

Theses Digitization Project

This project is a study of the properties of the modules Z₂S₃ and Z₅S₃, which are examined both as modules over themselves and as modules over their respective integer fields. Each module is examined separately since they each hold distinct properties. The overall goal is to determine the simplicity and semisimplicity of each module.

Symmetric Presentation Of Finite Groups, Thuy Nguyen

Theses Digitization Project

The main goal of this project is to construct finite homomorphic images of monomial infinite semi-direct products which are called progenitors. In this thesis, we provide an alternative convenient and efficient method. This method can be applied to many groups, including all finite non-abelian simple groups.

Constructible Numbers: Euclid And Beyond, Joshua Scott Marcy

Theses Digitization Project

The purpose of this project is to demonstrate first why trisection for an arbitrary angle is impossible with compass and straightedge and second how trisection does become possible if a marked ruler is used instead.

Semi-Direct Galois Covers Of The Affine Line, Linda Gruendken, Laura L. Hall-Seelig, Bo-Hae Im, Ekin Ozman, Rachel Pries, Katherine Stevenson

Mathematics Faculty Publications

Let k be an algebraically closed field of characteristic p > 0. Let G be a semi-direct product of the form (Z/`Z) b o Z/pZ where b is a positive integer and ` is a prime distinct from p. In this paper, we study Galois covers ψ : Z → P 1 k ramified only over ∞ with Galois group G. We find the minimal genus of a curve Z which admits a covering map of this form and we give an explicit formula for this genus in terms of ` and p. The minimal genus occurs when b equals the …

Complete Graphs Whose Topological Symmetry Groups Are Polyhedral, Erica Flapan, Blake Mellor, Ramin Naimi

Pomona Faculty Publications and Research

We determine for which m the complete graph K_m has an embedding in S³ whose topological symmetry group is isomorphic to one of the polyhedral groupsA₄, A₅ or S₄.

A Noneuclidean Universe, Frank A. Farris

Mathematics and Computer Science

Let us construct a hypothetical universe, if for no other reason than to challenge our preconceptions about space. We call it a noneuclidean universe because it contradicts some of the notions central to euclidean geometry, where, for instance, the angle measures in a triangle add up to 180 degrees. There are many noneuclidean universes; ours is of a type called hyperbolic. This hypothetical universe has been constructed before. It is often called the Poincaré Upper Halfplane, in honor of French mathematician Henri Poincaré (1854-1912). I admire Poincaré because he is said to have been the last person in the world …

Strong Nonnegativity And Sums Of Squares On Real Varieties, Mohamed Omar, Brian Osserman

All HMC Faculty Publications and Research

Motivated by scheme theory, we introduce strong nonnegativity on real varieties, which has the property that a sum of squares is strongly nonnegative. We show that this algebraic property is equivalent to nonnegativity for nonsingular real varieties. Moreover, for singular varieties, we reprove and generalize obstructions of Gouveia and Netzer to the convergence of the theta body hierarchy of convex bodies approximating the convex hull of a real variety.

Applications Of Convex And Algebraic Geometry To Graphs And Polytopes, Mohamed Omar

All HMC Faculty Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

The Unimodality Of Pure O-Sequences Of Type Three In Three Variables, Bernadette Boyle

Mathematics Faculty Publications

We will give a positive answer for the unimodality of the Hilbert functions in the smallest open case, that of Artinian level monomial algebras of type three in three variables.