Plant Biology Commons^™

Comparison Of Protein And Energy Intake, Passage Rate And Roughage Value Index Of A Common Reed (Phragmites Communis Trin.) Silage-Based Diet With Those Of A Hay-Based Diet In Ewes At Maintenance, Anri Kawasumi, Kohei Takahashi, Motohiko Ishida, Keigo Asano

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The international demand for hay has increased due to the rising needs of newly industrializing countries and the unstable production of feed caused by abnormal weather all over the world. The price of imported hay has thus risen sharply, resulting in problems at beef and dairy farms in Japan. The use of domestic hay has the potential to solve these issues. The common reed (Phragmites communis Trin.) is a wild grass distributed widely in abandoned paddy fields and riverside sites throughout Japan. Common reed has an annual dry matter (DM) yield of 10t ha–1 and is approx. 20% crude …

Milk Production And Nutrient Efficiency Of Lactation Goats On Diet Containing Linseed Cake, Mustard Cake And Guar Korma With Urea In Concentrates, Manoj Kumar Tripathi, Prabhat Tripathi, Ravindra Kumar, U. B. Chaudhary, D. L. Gupta, Ramkesh Meena

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Protein supplements, those conventionally used in goat feeding includes oil meals of ground nut, soybean meal, linseed and til etc., which are very costly and their availability is limited for ruminant feeding as these are most used in pig and poultry rations. However, mustard (Brassica juncea) oil meal is available in plenty at cheaper prices but their utilization in goat feeding is limited due to its bitterness (Pailan and Singhal, 2007), which arises upon degradation of glucosinolate contents of mustard (Tripathi and Mishra, 2007). Ruminant animals have unique capability of bioconversion of nonprotein nitrogen substances into microbial protein, …

Functions Of Cdk/Cyclin Complexes In Endoreplication Regulation By The Cdk Inhibitor Siamese, Kai Wang

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Arabidopsis trichome (leaf hair) is a specialized single cell extended from epidermal cell on the leaves, which is a typical endoreplication and is also known as endoreduplication. Several D-type cyclins were tested to check the cell division in trichome, and the trichome expressing either CYCB1;2 or CDKB2;2 cannot trigger cell division, even if simultaneous expression of CYCB1;2 and CDKB2;2 failed to produce mitosis in trichome. Only CYCD3;1 specifically promotes multicellular trichome. cdkb1;1cdbk1;2 double mutants and sim cdkb1;1cdkb1;2 triple mutants exhibit the phenotype similar to the wild type and very limited cell division respectively. Overexpression of a CDKB1;1 dominant-negative construct that …

Soil Carbon And Nitrogen Dynamics Of Integrated Crop-Pasture Systems With Annual And Perennial Forages, Maria V. Pravia, Armen R. Kemanian, José A. Terra

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Increased demand for food and bioenergy crops and the subsequent intensification of crop production creates a challenge for the conservation of natural resources in Latin America and the world. In Uruguay, no-till cash-crop production area has increased from 0.4 to 1.5 million ha in the last decade (DIEA 2011) mostly at the expense of pastureland through expanding grain production to soils with lower land use capability. Production systems based on crop-pasture rotations shifted to a longer annual cropping phase with a shorter pasture phase, or to continuous annual crop-ping. Long-term experiments in the country have shown that the rotation of …

Tiller Population Stability Of Aruana Guineagrass Subjected To Cutting Severities And Fertilized With Nitrogen, Alessandra A. Giacomini, Karina Batista, Maria T. Colozza, Waldssimiler T. Mattos, Luciana Gerdes, Ivani P. Otsuki, Joaquim C. Werner

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Tiller appearance, death and survival rates determine the persistency of each grass species and their herbage accumulation. The balance between these factors may vary with frequency and intensity of grazing and nitrogen (N) fertilization. Separated analysis of data on tiller appearance and survival or death may not indicate if tiller population is stable in a given time, that is, if tiller appearance in relation to tiller survival is large enough to maintain tiller population stable. In order to avoid that, an integrated analysis of tiller appearance and death was used, the tiller population stability index (SI), as defined by Bahmani …

Effect Of Different Additives On Fermentation Characteristics Of Fodder Sorghum [Sorghum Bicolor (L) Moench] Compared To Co-3 (Pennisetum Perpureum X Pennisetum Americarnum), Ayesha Abeysinghe, Sujatha Premaratne, G. G. C. Premalal

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Milk production plays a vital role to overcome the nutritional poverty in all aged groups of people. But there are many kinds of constraints to sustainable milk production in Sri Lanka. The biggest problem is high cost of feeding of dairy animals due to high price of compounded feeds, lack of knowledge on methods of low-cost feed supplementation and seasonal fluctuations in ruminant feed resources. Less availability of good quality green forages has led to low productivity from national dairy herd of Sri Lanka during the dry season (Premaratne and Premalal, 2006). Silage production is one of the most popular …

Effect Of Growth Stage On The Macro Mineral Concentrations Of Forbs And Grasses In A Semi-Arid Region Of Sudan, Sahar Ezzat, Babo Fadlalla

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Ruminants grazing forages in severely mineral-deficient areas may be more restricted by this condition than by inadequacy of energy or protein. Mineral imbalances in soils and forages are responsible for low production and reproduction in grazing livestock. As grazing livestock are not usually offered mineral supplements apart from common salt, they depend upon forages for their requirements. However forages rarely fully satisfy all mineral requirements. Mineral intakes of livestock are influenced by the factors that determine the mineral content of plants and their seeds. The concentrations of minerals in plants depend largely on plant genotype, soil environment, climate and stage …

The Effect Of Different Types Of Inoculants On The Characteristics Of Alfalfa, Ryegrass And Red Clover-Ryegrass-Timothy Silage, Vilma Vrotniakiene, Jonas Jatkauskas

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Silage inoculants based on lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have demonstrated improvements in energy and nutrient recovery from grass and legume silages by lowering the pH and shifting the fermentation towards lactic acid production, by reducing storage losses due to spoilage and by increasing the aerobic stability during feed-out. There are different mixtures of strains currently on the market.

The present study was conducted according to the Deutsche Landwirtschafts-Gesellschaft Guidelines for the testing of silage additives in order to assess which mixtures of lactic acid bacteria would have a greater potential to improve fermentation profile of alfalfa, perennial ryegrass and red …

Silage Characteristics Of Sugarcane (Sacchrum Officinarum) Tops In Sri Lanka, Y. M. H. N. Jayathilake, Sujatha Premaratne, W. R. G. Witharama, G. G. C. Premalal

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Sugarcane tops (SCTs) is generally known to be a major byproduct of sugarcane industry which is currently not utilized in a profitable manner and it is widely available at low cost particularly during the dry period in Sri Lanka when the forage are scarce for feeding of ruminants. Usually, the residue after sugarcane harvesting contains dry leaves, fresh leaves and growing point of the stalk. It increases drying of leaves in the field within 2 to 3 days after harvesting due to dry weather conditions prevailing in the harvesting period and much of the tops are burned and wasted in …

Nutritive Value And Silage Quality In Fodder Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor), Maize (Zea Mays) And Hybrid Napier (Pennisetum Americarnum × P. Purpureum) Grown In Sri Lanka, P. G. G. Bandara, W. A. D. Nayananjalie, G. G. C. Premalal

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

For continuous genetic improvement of cows, nutrition and management conditions should be improved to allow cow to produce its inherited potential production. However, many farmers not pay desired attention on forage quality and one of the main reasons for the low productivity of dairy cattle is under nutrition. Therefore, production of high quality fodder varieties is vital for strengthening the dairy sector in Sri Lanka. Hybrid Napier var. CO-3 is widely used for cattle feeding in Sri Lanka. It is important to find out other forage varieties with maximum nutritive values and minimum anti-nutritive factors which can be used as …

Nitrogen Retention And Microbial Protein Yield Of Desmodium Uncunatum, Mucuna Pruriens And Vigna Unguiculata Forage Legumes In Goats, Joseph J. Baloyi, Katsande Simbarashe, F. V. Nherera-Chokuda, N. T. Ngongoni

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Forage legumes have high potential degradability, indicating that they might need to stay in the rumen for a longer time (MolinaAlcaide et al., 1996) to increase microbial protein yield. Microbial protein contributes about two thirds of the amino acids absorbed by ruminants (Pathak 2008). Protein supplements which have proper levels of rumen undegradable protein provide growth limiting amino acids like lysine and methionine (Rezai et al., 2012). Nyambati et al. (2003) showed that milk production can be increased by supplementing with velvet bean, highlighting the importance of integrating legumes into the low-input, mixed cropping systems in the tropics. The current …

Mineral Content Of Grasses From Natural Pasture In South West Nigeria, Alaba O. Jolaosho, Okukenu Oluwafemi Adeyemi, O. A. Okukenu, E. Fabusoro

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Nigeria’s grassland grows on uncultivated land on which animals have access for grazing. These are found along roadsides and fallow lands in the coastal forest zones of Nigeria. Most of the natural grassland/rangeland assumes more important proportions in the open derived savanna zones of the country. Ruminant production during dry season is limited by low productivity of pasture forages, which often contain too low mineral concentration to meet the minimum requirement for optimal productivity of livestock (Annison and Bryden, 1998).

Evaluation Of Biopesticides Against Spotted Alfalfa Aphid, Therioaphis Spp On Alfalfa, M. Anuradha, R. Susheela, T. Shashikala, M. Shanti, G. Anitha

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Alfalfa or Lucerne, Medicago sativa L. recognised as the oldest among the forage crops, also called as Queen of forages is considered as a superior feed for dairy, horses etc because it is quickly digested, relatively high in protein, low in NDF, excellent source of Ca, Mg, P, vit D and carotene. As a legume it is also known to improve soil structure because it is effective source of biological nitrogen. It mainly suffers both qualitatively and quantitatively from the spotted alfalfa aphid, Therioaphis maculata and pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum. Green fodder yield losses were reported to be 33% …

Seed Biopriming A Novel Tool For Production Of Disease Free Fodder, H. B. Singh

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Indian agriculture is characterized by intertwined practices of crop production and animal husbandry. Domesticated animals have been energy source for farm operations and protein source. Fodder crops vitally serve as main source of food for the livestock. Major limitations in production of fodder crops are poor distribution of resources due to their noncommercial status, non-availability of quality/certified seeds and various diseases.

Integrated Disease Management Of Root Rot Disease Of Cowpea ( Vigna Unguiculata (L) Walp.), Pradeep Saxena, R. B. Bhaskar

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp.) is a warm season annual leguminous fodder crop. It is rich in protein and forms an excellent mixture with maize, sorghum, pearl millet and teosinte for increasing the milk production. The productivity of green fodder cowpea is approximately 25-45 t/ha in India. Pests and diseases hampers crop establishment, impair forage quality and reduces green fodder and seed yield. Besides causing direct yield losses they also suppress nodulation and consequently negating the maximum nitrogen fixation. The losses in green fodder and seed yields were estimated to be about 28.8 and 39.7 per cent, respectively (Ram …

Efficacy Of Various Ipm Modules On Biotic Pressure And Green Forage Yield In A Forage Production System (Cowpea + Bn Hybrid – Berseem Mixed With Mustard + Bn Hybrid), N. K. Shah, R. B. Bhaskar, M. I. Azmi, P. K. Tyagi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Various control measures by themselves are not free from one or the other limitations to provide safe, economically viable and efficient in pest population suppression. The economics is much more relevant when we talk of low value commodity like forage crops. Viewing this multifaceted problem and inherent limitations of each control method the ultimate solution lies in integrated pest control expedient. The connotation of the approach is to utilize all the possible methods of control including maximum exploitation of naturally existing populations and regulating factors in as compatible manner as possible to keep the pest population levels below economic threshold. …

Occurrence Of Blast Disease In Hybrid Napier, Savitha Antony, C. George Thomas, S. Beena

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Hybrid napier, a cross between pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) and napier grass (Pennisetum purpuriam) is a popular cultivated fodder grass in India. It is popular due to high yield, palatability and adaptability to varying soil and climatic conditions. It is relatively free from most of the pests and diseases and the question of plant protection normally does not arise. However, sporadic incidence of blast like symptoms has been observed in hybrid napier maintained in the college farm and the disease has been confirmed as blast caused by Pyricularia grisea Sacc. The disease causes severe leaf blight …

Physiological Efficiency Of Some Weeds Species Under Hill Farming Systems Of Subtropical Meghalaya, D. P. Patel, Anup Das, G. C. Munda

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Weeds are integral part of any farming system. Weeds are more aggressive in their ability to utilize limited moisture and nutrients in the soil relative to cultivated crops. Weeds grow more profusely in high rainfall areas such as subtropical Meghalaya owing to favourable climatic conditions which favours the growth of weeds particularly in uplands and limits the crop yields due to increased crop-weed competition for nutrients and light. The weed species such as Ageratum conyzoides, Spilanthus acmella, Galinsoga parviflora, Bidens pilosa, Crassocephalum crepidioides, Polygonum capitatum, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Amaranthus spinosus and Mikania micrantha are very common in most of the cultivated …

Efficacy Of Different Herbicides On Weed Flora Of Berseem (Trifolium Alexandrium L.), Vinod K. Wasnik, Aniruddha Maity, D. Vijay, S. R. Kantwa

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Berseem is one of the prominent winter legume fodder crops. It has 20-24% crude protein and 70% digestible dry matter. Common weeds found in berseem are Cichorium intybus, Cornopus didimus, Spergula arvensis, Chenopodium album, Rumex dentatus and some grass family weeds. Weeds compete with main crop for essential plant nutrients, light, moisture and space. They not only deteriorate fodder quality but also decrease fodder and seed yield. Weed infestation reduces normally 25-35% green fodder and seed yield. It is the major challenge to control the berseem weeds for enhancement of productivity and quality of fodder and seed yield. Hence the …

Effect Of Various Sowing Dates On The Management Of Wilt Of Guar (Cyamopsis Tetragonaloba L.), Upasana Rani, Simranjit Singh, Davinderpal Singh

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Cluster bean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.], commonly known as guar, is a member of Leguminosae (Fabaceae) family. It is a short duration, drought resistant, low investment and high return cash crop. In Punjab, it is one of the important legume crop grown on about 9514 ha with production of 0.24 million ton (Anonymous, 2013). It can be grown in mixture with bajra and jowar but pure crop of guar supplies highest tonnage of palatable nutritious green fodder for longer duration without much deterioration in quality with the age of the crop. It is rich in nutrients with crude protein …

Molecular Differentiation Of Astragalus Species And Varieties From The Western United States: The Chloroplast Dna Bridge Between Evolution And Molecular Systematics, Marwa Neyaz, Daniel Cook, Rebecca Creamer

Poisonous Plant Research (PPR)

Locoweeds are the most widespread poisonous plant problem in the world and have been reported in the Western United States since the 1800s, causing tremendous losses in livestock. Consumption of locoweeds by grazing animals stimulates the neurological disease, locoism, characterized by weight loss, ataxia, and lack of muscular coordination. The name locoweed is used for Astragalus and Oxytropis species known to contain swainsonine, the toxic principle produced by the plant endophytic fungus Undifilum. Astragalus includes 2,500-3,000 species and many varieties that have almost identical morphological characteristics that overlap among species, leading to improper identification. Therefore, the aim of this study …

Litter Decomposition Of Xaraes-Grass Pasture Subjected To Different Post-Grazing Residuals, Ana C. Ruggieri, Elisamara Raposo, Leandro Galzerano, Alan R. Panosso, Mariana V. Azenha, Estella R. Janusckiewicz

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Since fertilizers are used less extensively on Xaraes-grass (Brachiaria brizantha) pastures in Brazil because of costs, the main route of nitrogen (N) supply to plants is through nutrient recycling via litter decomposition. One of the strategies used to maintain the supply of N is to manage the pasture correctly by keeping it under grazing pressure so that the amount of recycled nutrients in the residue is sufficient to meet the pasture requirements (Jantalia et al.2006). Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate different residual leaf area indices (RLAI) and determine which one provides the best …

Animal Performance On Tanzânia Grass Pasture Intercropped With Estilozantes Campo Grande Or Fertilized With Nitrogen, In The Seasons, Ulysses Cecato, Bruno S. Iwamoto, Edmar P. Peluso, Gracielle C. Mari, Vinicius V. Pereira, José M. Saute

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Nitrogen (N) is the most important nutrient for growth and development of pasture, giving the plant a faster growth rate and greater production (Roma et al. 2012). Despite proven effectiveness, there is restriction on its use by farmers due to high cost. On the other hand, the legume Estilozantes Campo Grande (Stylosanthes spp. (80% S. capitata + 20% S. macrocephala), capable of fixing nitrogen atmospheric has become a promising plant, as shown by the work of Ribeiro et al. (2011). However, there is still a lack of information about its use in association with grasses for animal …

Forms Of Soil Phosphorus Accumulation In Grassland Soils, Warwick J. Dougherty, Ronald J. Smernik, Ashlea L. Doolette

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Australian soils are generally low in phosphorus (P) by world standards and require applied P to reduce this limitation on plant growth. In grazing systems P is deposited on the soil surface from fertiliser, livestock excretion and senescing pasture. Phosphate occurs in many forms in soils. Because of rising fertiliser prices there is growing interest in assessing and improving the availability of accumulated soil P.

The objective of the research described here was to identify and quantify the forms of P in soils under permanent grasslands with a wide range of soil P status.

Accumulation Of Dry Matter And Morphological Composition Of Irrigated Mombaça Grass Fertilized With And Without Nitrogen Under Grazing, Ulysses Cecato, Gracielle C. Mari, Tatiane Beloni, Vanessa C. Piotto, Túlio Otavio D'Almeida Lins, Alyson Andrade Pinehiro

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Brazil is the holder of the largest commercial cattle herd in the world and the world's leading exporter of fresh and industrialized meat. Beef production is based on pastures and the production system is influenced by absence of fertilization and the seasonality of forage during of this the year, caused mainly by temperature, rainfall and luminosity. Nitrogen (N) is the most important element for the development and growth of grasses, since it accelerates the formation and growth of new leaves, improves regrowth vigor resulting in greater production and carrying capacity of pastures (Cecato et al. 2011). The present study …

The Effects Of Restricting Nitrogen, Phosphorus, And Potassium Fertilizers On Erianthus (Erianthus Arundinaceus) Growth And Nutrient Contents, Naoki Kato, Ikuo Hattori, Naohiro Uwatoko, Mitsuru Gau

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Low inputs and sustainability are the major concerns in bioenergy crop production (Reijnders 2006). Erianthus spp. is a relative of sugarcane and is a perennial crop with high dry matter production (Matsuo et al. 2003). It is expected to become a cellulosic bioenergy crop. However, its fertilizer requirements are still unknown because erianthus has a highly developed root system (Matsuo et al. 2003), and appears to absorb nutrients from the subsoil layer, which is hardly used by other crops. Therefore, it is necessary to experimentally restrict fertilizer application and maintain the rhizosphere to clarify the fertilizer requirements.

In this study, …

The Effect Of N-Fertilization Rate Or Inclusion Of Red Clover To Timothy Leys On Fatty Acid Composition In Dairy Cow Milk, Katarina Arvidsson, Anne-Maj Gustavsson, Veerle Fievez, Kjell Martinsson

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

There is growing awareness among consumers of the link between diet and health. Further, the public often associates dairy products with coronary heart disease, since most of the fatty acids (FA) in milk are saturated. Therefore, it would be desirable to improve the FA profile of milk, which might be achieved by using appropriate feeding regimes. N-fertilization has been shown to influence both total fatty acid (TFA) content and the FA composition in a wide variety of species (Arvidsson 2009). The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of grass silages subjected to different N fertilisation regimes fed …

Phosphorus Use Efficiency In Lotus Spp. Under Contrasting Levels Of Water Availability: A Comparison Of Pot And Field Measurements, Hernán Acuña, C. Castillo, Erick Zagal, Luis Inostroza

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The results of the phosphorus (P) use efficiency measurements in pot experiments with soil as subtratum are controversial because they may not be representative of an equivalent situation under field conditions. Under P-stress conditions, strategies for improving phosphorus-use efficiency are: (1) increase the root surface soil contact area by modifying root morphology; (2) increase the effective root area by root symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; (3) increase nutrient availability through rhizosphere modification. The level of water availability and P supply are of high interest because the water stress, which limits growth more than any other environmental factor, can be minimized …

Production Of Aruana Guinea Grass Submitted To Cutting Severities And Nitrogen Fertilization, Alessandra A. Giacomini, Karina Batista, Maria T. Colozza, Luciana Gerdes, Waldssimiler T. Mattos, Ivani P. Otsuki, Flavia M. A. Gimenes, Linda M. Premazzi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Aruana Guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacques cv. Aruana) is widely used as pasture for sheep, which are extremely susceptible to infestation by larvae of gastrointestinal parasites in tropical pasture-based systems (Zanini et al. 2012) A way to mitigate this problem, and consequently reduce the need for use of anthelmintics, is by managing pastures with post-grazing height low enough to favor the incidence of sunlight at the base of tussocks that will kill and control larval development, without jeopardizing canopy regrowth and persistence. The pre-grazing sward height recommended for Aruana Guineagrass is 30 cm, when the canopy intercepts 95% of …

Abundance, Diversity And Importance Of Some Insects In Grasslands Of Indian Arid Zone, Nisha Patel

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Grasslands in arid regions are home to a large number of species of insects, which are well adapted to living in this ecosystem. Insects constitute a major part of the total faunal biodiversity of these grasslands and provide valuable ecosystem services such as pollination, decomposition, nutrient recycling, being important links in the food chain, etc. Diversity of entomofauna is a good criteria for judging the health of a grassland. However this diversity has not yet been properly studied. In the present study, attempt was made to unravel the diversity of some groups of insects in the grasslands of Indian arid …