Plant Biology Commons^™

Pretreatment Of Robusta Coffee Hulls And Co-Digestion With Cow-Dung For Enhanced Anaerobic Digestion, A. K. Kivaisi

Tanzania Journal of Science

The effect of alkali pre-treatment on anaerobic digestion of Robusta coffee hulls with a lignin content of 29% was studied in batch culture at 55˚C. In order to investigate the effect of cow dung in minimising the effect of coffee-based inhibitory compounds, digestion experiments were performed with blends of pre-treated and non-treated coffee hulls and cow dung with 0,5,10,20,30,50,75 and 100% coffee hulls at a total volatile solids concentration of 1.8g/l fermentation volume. Methane production increased with increase in coffee hulls concentration up to 30% for both substrates. The lowest production was observed at 100% non-treated coffee hulls. Methane production …

Effect Of Cement Production On Vegetation In A Part Of Southwestern Nigeria, A. T. Salami, A. I. Farounbi, J. I. Muoghalu

Tanzania Journal of Science

The impact of cement dust emissions from the factory of West African Portland Cement at Ewekoro in Southwestern Nigeria on the surrounding vegetation was investigated. Sample plots of 20 m x 20 m were established at 1 km intervals from the factory site up to a distance of 10 km intervals from the factory site up to a distance of 10 km in the four cardinal directions. Leaves of common species were randomly selected for chlorophyll content analysis, leaf abundance and leaf area measurement. Woody as well as herbaceous species encountered within the established plots were enumerated, while soil samples …

Mechanistic Studies Of Carbon Steel Corrosion Inhibition By Cashew Nut Shell Liquid, J Y N Philip, J Buchweishaija, L L Mkayula

Tanzania Journal of Science

The inhibition mechanism of the Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) on SAE 1008 carbon steel corrosion in CO 2  saturated 3% NaCl solutions has been studied by weight loss, UV/VIS and electrochemical techniques. The phenoxide, R-Ar-O- ions from the CNSL inhibitor were found to be responsible for the reduction of the corrosion rate of the carbon steel. Also, it was observed that the surface charge of the carbon steel electrodes was positive with respect to the solutions containing CNSL inhibitor. It is likely that the mechanism of the CNSL inhibitor adsorption involved the electrostatic attraction between the positively charged metal …

Preparation And Characterization Of Activated Carbons From Rice Husks And Shells Of Palm Fruits, Jeg Mdoe, Ll Mkayula

Tanzania Journal of Science

Activated carbons from palm fruit shells (PFS) and rice husks (RH) were prepared using physical and chemical activation processes, respectively. The influence of activation time and temperature (in the case of PFS) and impregnation ratio and carbonization temperature (in the case of RH) on the properties of the resultant carbons were studied. In the case of PFS carbons, there were an increase in adsorption capacity and surface areas with increase in activation time and temperature. The surface area ranged between 292 and 642 m2g-1 at temperature range of between 1000 and 1200 K. In the case of RH carbons, surface …

Summaries Of Arkansas Cotton Research In Progress In 2001, Derrick M. Oosterhuis

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Cotton yields in Arkansas increased steadily during the eighties, but in recent years there has been a leveling off. Of more significance, however, is that extreme year-to-year variability in yields has occurred in the last decade, which is a major point of concern with cotton producers. It has been suggested that this may be related to extreme weather conditions during the boll development period in July and August. Average maximum temperatures in the 2001 season were a few degrees above normal. Recent research in Arkansas has indicated that elevated night temperatures during boll development may be a major contributory factor …

Poisonous Plants Of Tennessee, Erica Fritz

Honors Theses

Many poisonous plants occur within Tennessee. These plants may have an evolutionary advantage over competing plants because of the presence of toxic secondary compounds. Consequently, plant species containing poisons may occur more frequently in advanced families than in primitive families. A list was compiled of those plants that occur in Tennessee that are known to be poisonous and these numbers were compared with the total number of species within both advanced and primitive families. Tennessee poisonous plants occur in higher percentages in those families that are primitive and moderately advanced than in those that are advanced.

Fine Root Vitality And Its Application In A Minirhizotron Study Of A Co2 Enrichment In A Florida Scrub Oak Ecosystem, Brandon Todd Herbert

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Minirhizotron images are assigned color codes to approximate the age of individual roots in situ. Triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride (TTC) has been used to measure the vitality of plant tissue by detecting dehydrogenase activity. TTC was used to assess the vitality of root tissue by color in a scrub oak ecosystem at Kennedy Space Center in central Florida. Roots were excavated, sorted into four color classes and stained with TTC. The product of the reduction of TTC by dehydrogenase enzyme, formazan, was extracted and its absorbance recorded using a spectrophotometer. A significant difference (p2 enrichment being conducted on a scrub oak …

Myriophyllum Spicatum Invasion In Cave Run Lake, Kentucky, Rob A. Tewes

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Science and Technology at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science by Rob A Tewes on May 1, 2002.

The Pollinator Fauna Of Two Spring Wildflowers Of Midwestern Deciduous Forest, Erigenja Bulbosa And Claytonia Virginica, Robert P. Jean

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Eastern deciduous forests have spectacular spring floral display and a diverse array of insect pollinators. From March to May, some 20-25 species of understory herbs flower in west-central Indiana. I focused on the earliest species to bloom, Erigenia bulbosa (Apiaceae), and the most abundant, Claytonia virginica (Portulacaceae), which flowers immediately after Erigenia. l characterized insect visitor assemblages in terms of species richness and relative abundance, and measured visitation rates. For Erigenia (Chapter 1), I asked whether early flowering was necessarily associated with pollinator scarcity. I examined six sites in 2000 and resampled three of these in 2001. Erigenia attracted 10 …

Characterization Of Fro1, A Pea Ferric-Chelate Reductase Involved In Root Iron Acquisition, Brian M. Waters, Dale G. Blevins, David J. Eide

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

To acquire iron, many plant species reduce soil Fe(III) to Fe(II) by Fe(III)-chelate reductases embedded in the plasma membrane of root epidermal cells. The reduced product is then taken up by Fe(II) transporter proteins. These activities are induced under Fe deficiency. We describe here the FRO₁ gene from pea (Pisum sativum), which encodes an Fe(III)-chelate reductase. Consistent with this proposed role, FRO₁ shows similarity to other oxidoreductase proteins, and expression of FRO₁ in yeast conferred increased Fe(III)-chelate reductase activity. Furthermore, FRO₁ mRNA levels in plants correlated with Fe(III)-chelate reductase activity. Sites of FRO_{1 …}

Accumulation Of Microbial Biomass Within Particulate Organic Matter Of Aging Golf Greens, Mine Kerek, Rhae A. Drijber, William L. Powers, Robert C. Shearman, Roch E. Gaussoin, Anne Streich

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Microbial biomass (MB) is a key variable controlling soil organic matter dynamics in soil. Currently, there is little information on the amount and significance of MB in highly managed golf greens. Our objective was to determine the amount and distribution of MB within soil structural components of golf greens and its relationship to the location of organic substrates. During 1996, 47 greens were sampled from 12 golf courses within Nebraska (USA). Microbial biomass, determined as extractable lipid phosphate on field-moist soils, increased linearly with age of green (Y = 19.39 + 3.54x; r² = 0.87, P = 0.001). In …

The Shca Protein Is A Molecular Chaperone That Assists In The Secretion Of The Hoppsya Effector From The Type Iii (Hrp) Protein Secretion System Of Pseudomonas Syringae, Karin V. Van Dijk, Vincent C. Tam, Angela R. Records, Tanja Petnicki-Ocwieja, James R. Alfano

Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty Publications

Pseudomonas syringae uses a type III protein secretion system encoded by the Hrp pathogenicity island (Pai) to translocate effector proteins into plant cells. One of these effector proteins is HopPsyA. A small open reading frame (ORF), named shcA, precedes the hopPsyA gene in the Hrp Pai of P. s. syringae 61. The predicted amino acid sequence of shcA shares general characteristics with chaperones used in type III protein secretion systems of animal pathogens. A functionally non-polar deletion of shcA in P. s. syringae 61 resulted in the loss of detectable HopPsyA in supernatant fractions, consistent with ShcA acting as a …

Crop Updates 2002 - Weeds, Vanessa Stewart, Peter Newman, Glenn Adam, Andrew Blake, Natalie Lauritsen, Sally Peltzer, Paul Matson, Nerys Wilkins, David Minkey, Glen Riethmuller, Tim Cusack, Kathryn Steadman, Pippa Michael, Paul Blackwell, Dave Brindal, Michael Walsh, Wayne Parker, Clinton Revell, Giles Glasson, Dean Thomas, Alister Draper, Bill Roy, Marta Monjardin, David Pannell, Stephen Powles, Robert Barrett-Lennard, Martin Bent, Paul Neve, Art Diggle, Patrick Smith, Mechelle Owen, Abul Hashem, Christopher Preston, Tracey Gillam, Rick Llewellyn, Richard Quinlan, Aik Cheam, Siew Lee, Mike Clarke, David Nicholson, Harmoohinder S. Dhammu, Terry Piper, Chad Sayer, Ian Rose, Andrew Blake, Jerome Critch, Gordon R. Cumming, Sam Taylor, John Moore, Rosyln Jettner, Stuart Bee, Lionel Martin, Keith Devenish, Felicity Flugge, Amir Abadi, Duncan Peter, Stuart Mcalpine

Crop Updates

This session covers fifty eight papers from different authors:

1. INTRODUCTION Vanessa Stewart, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEMENT

IWM system studies / demonstration sites

2. Major outcomes from IWM demonstration sites, Alexandra Douglas Department of Agriculture

3. Integrated weed management: Katanning, Alexandra Douglas Department of Agriculture

4. Integrated weed management: Merredin, Vanessa Stewart Department of Agriculture

5. Long term resistance site: Get ryegrass numbers low and keep them low! Peter Newman and Glen Adams Department of Agriculture

6. Using pastures to manage ryegrass populations, Andrew Blake and Natalie Lauritsen Department of Agriculture

Weed biology and competition

7. …

Crop Updates 2002 - Lupins, Amelia Mclarty, Bob French, Laurie Wahlsten, Martin Harries, Paul Blackwell, Mike Collins, Bill Crabtree, Geoff Fosbery, Angie Roe, Matt Beckett, Abul Hashem, Nerys Wilkins, Geoff Thomas, Ken Adcock, Debbie Thackray, Jenny Hawkes, Roger Jones, Brenda Coutts, Manisha Shankar, Mark Sweetingham, Bevan Buirchell, Nichole Burges, Dominie Wright, Susan J. Barker, Jairo A. Palta, Neil C. Turner, Matt Evans, Brett Glencross, John Curnow, Wayne Hawkins, Jon C. Clements

Crop Updates

This session covers twenty four papers from different authors:

LUPIN INDUSTRY ISSUES AND RESEARCH DIRECTIONS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Amelia McLarty LUPIN CONVENOR DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

VARIETIES

1. Evaluation of lupinus mutabilis in Western Australia, Bob French, Laurie Wahlsten and Martin Harries, Department of Agriculture

2. Adaption of restricted-branching lupins in short-growing season environments, Bob French, Laurie Wahlsten, Department of Agriculture

ESTABLISHMENT

3. Moisture delving for better lupin establishment, Dr Paul Blackwell, Department of Agriculture

4. Lupins, tramlines, 600mm rows, rolling and shield spraying … a good result in a dry season! Paul Blackwell and Mike Collins, Department of Agriculture

5. Lupin …

Genomewide Identification Of Pseudomonas Syringae Pv.Tomato Dc3000 Promoters Controlled By The Hrpl Alternative Sigma Factor, Derrick E. Fouts, Robert B. Abramovitch, James R. Alfano, Angela M. Baldo, C. Robin Buell, Samuel Cartinhour, Arn K. Chatterjee, Mark D'Ascenzo, Michelle L. Gwinn, Sondra G. Lazarowitz, Na-Chun Lin, Gregory B. Martin, Amos H. Rehm, David J. Schneider, Karin V. Van Dijk, Xiaoyan Tang, Alan Collmer

Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty Publications

The ability of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 to parasitize tomato and Arabidopsis thaliana depends on genes activated by the HrpL alternative sigma factor. To support various functional genomic analyses of DC3000, and specifically, to identify genes involved in pathogenesis, we developed a draft sequence of DC3000 and used an iterative process involving computational and gene expression techniques to identify virulence-implicated genes downstream of HrpLresponsive promoters. Hypersensitive response and pathogenicity (Hrp) promoters are known to control genes encoding the Hrp (type III protein secretion) machinery and a few type III effector proteins in DC3000. This process involved (i) identification of …

Effects Of Excessive Nitrogen Deposition On Foliar Nutrient Dynamics, Nutrient Concentrations, And Nutrient Ratios In A Central Appalachian Hardwood Forest, Sarah Beth Burdette

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Many forested systems of the eastern US are becoming significantly nitrogen (N) saturated due to chronic N deposition from the atmosphere. Nitrogen saturation has the potential to alter important internal plant processes, such as nutrient cycling. While extensive research has been conducted on the responses of soil to N saturation, considerably less research has focused on the response of plant nutrient dynamics, nutrient concentrations, and nutrient ratios to excess N. Research was conducted on two watersheds at the Fernow Experimental Forest in West Virginia: WS3 (fertilized with ammonium sulfate annually since 1989) and WS7 (untreated control). Presenescent and senesced leaves …

Evaluation Of Cauliflower Varieties, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia, Horticulture Australia

Horticulture research reports

This document has been prepared from a cauliflower variety evaluation trial conducted at the Manjimup Horticultural Research Institute, South West Highway, Manjimup WA 6258. The results reflect the growth characteristics, yield, quality and density of the cauliflower varieties as recorded at this site during the conditions of the growing period (May 2002 to September 2002).

This report is the thirty-fourth in a series produced from the evaluation of cauliflower and broccoli varieties, conducted at Manjimup Horticultural Research Institute. Cauliflower only has been evaluated in this and in subsequent trials.

The results are provided to allow seed suppliers, seedling nurseries, growers, …

Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Of Mojave Desert Plants, J. H. Titus, P. J. Titus, R. S. Nowak, S. D. Smith

Life Sciences Faculty Research

Roots of 15 Mojave Desert plant species were assessed for arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization in spring and autumn 1999. Another 19 species were assessed in autumn only. Perennial species were AM colonized, whereas annual species contained very low levels of AM hyphae or were nonmycorrhizal. The nonnative tree Tamarix ramosissima was also nonmycorrhizal. Levels of hyphae changed over the season in 2 species, arbuscle levels increased in 1 species, and vesicles decreased in 7 species. Mycorrhizal inoculum potential (MIP) was assessed in the soils associated with spring-collected plants. All soils were found to contain MIP. MIP values were not correlated …

Characterization Of Wound-Inducible Genes Encoding Enzymes For Terpenoid Biosynthesis In Medicago Truncatula, Mandy M. Cox

Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal

In addition to having numerous applications as food flavorings and pharmaceuticals, terpenoids are an important class of defensive compounds that can accumulate in plants after pathogen infection or injury by insects. Sequences of DNA encoding putative terpene synthases and an oxidosqualene synthase, isolated from insect-damaged Medicago truncatula leaves, were selected from an expressed sequence tag (EST) database. The eDNA clones were used as radiolabeled probes to analyze gene expression in leaves treated with factors known to trigger a defense response in plants. Transcript levels for all of the genes examined increased in response to artificial wounding, insect herbivory, and methyl …

Compensation For Herbivory In Wild Sunflower: Response To Simulated Damage By The Head-Clipping Weevil, Diana Pilson, Karin L. Decker

Diana Pilson Publications

Herbivore damage is generally detrimental to plant fitness, and the evolutionary response of plant populations to damage can involve either increased resistance or increased tolerance. While characters that contribute to resistance, such as secondary chemicals and trichomes, are relatively well understood, characters that contribute to a plant’s ability to tolerate damage have received much less attention. Using Helianthus annuus (wild sunflower) and simulated damage of Haplorhynchites aeneus (head-clipping weevil) as a model system, we examined morphological characters and developmental processes that contribute to compensatory ability. We performed a factorial experiment that included three levels of damage (none, the first two, …

Selected Soybean Plant Introductions With Partial Resistance To Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum, D. D. Hoffman, B. W. Diers, G. L. Hartman, C. D. Nickell, R. L. Nelson, W. L. Pedersen, E. R. Cober, George L. Graef, J. R. Steadman, C. R. Grau, B. D. Nelson, L. E. Del Rio, T. Helms, T. Anderson, V. Poysa, University Of Guelph, W. C. Stienstra

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Sclerotinia stem rot, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a major soybean (Glycine max) disease in north-central regions of the United States and throughout the world. Current sources of resistance to Sclerotinia stem rot express partial resistance, and are limited in number within soybean germ plasm. A total of 6,520 maturity group (MG) 0 to IV plant introductions (PIs) were evaluated for Sclerotinia stem rot resistance in the United States and Canada in small plots or in the greenhouse from 1995 to 1997. Selected PIs with the most resistance were evaluated for resistance in the United States and …

Greenhouse And Field Evaluation Of Biological Control Of Fusarium Head Blight On Durum Wheat, D. A. Schisler, N. I. Khan, Michael J. Boehm, P. J. Slininger

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease that causes extensive yield and quality losses to wheat and barley. In durum wheat, the pathogen-produced toxin deoxynivalenol (DON) is retained in semolina at ~50%, and the causal agent of FHB, Gibberella zeae, has a strong adverse effect on pasta color. Two bacteria and two yeast strains with known efficacy against G. zeae on hexaploid wheats were produced in liquid culture and assayed on two cultivars of durum wheat in greenhouse bioassays. All antagonists reduced FHB severity on cultivar Renville, and three of the four reduced severity on cultivar Ben, with …

Expression Patterns Of Novel Wound-Inducible Plant Genes In Medicago Truncatula, Mandy M. Cox, Kenneth L. Korth

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Terpenoids are an important class of defensive compounds that can accumulate in plants after pathogen infection or injury by chewing insects. Clones encoding putative terpene synthases and an oxidosqualene synthase, isolated from insect-damaged Medicagotruncatula leaves, were selected from an expressed sequence tag (EST) database. The cDNA clones were used as radiolabeled probes to analyze gene expression in leaves treated by known factors that can trigger a defense response in plants. Transcript levels for all of the genes examined increased in response to artificial wounding, insect herbivory, and methyl jasmonate (meJA) treatments, whereas salicylic acid (SA) and glucose oxidase (GOX) had …

Declared Plant Control Handbook Recommendations For The Control Of Declared Plants In Western Australia, John R. Peirce, Rachael A. Pratt

Biosecurity published reports

Sixth Edition.

Reviewed October 2005.

Plants may be "declared" by the Agriculture Protection Board under the Agriculture and Related Resources Protection Act 1976.If a plant is declared, all landholders are obliged to control that plant on their properties. Declarations specifies a category, or categories, for each plant according to the control strategies or objectives which the Agriculture Protection Board believes are appropriate in a particular place.

Among the factors considered in categorising declared plants are:

* the impact of the plant on individuals, agricultural production and the community in general,

* whether it is already established in the area, and …

Genetic Variability Studies In A Selected Population Of Azadirachta Excelsa (Sentang) With Aflp Marker Technology, Chiew Foan Chin

Student Works (2000-2009)

A maternal half-s/b population of Azadirachta excelsa was established from seeds in a randomised complete block design with three replicates. 100 to 200 seeds were collected from each of the 13 selected mother trees. The mother trees were categorised into three groups i.e. large, medium and small according to their girth sizes. 50 progeny seedlings from each scedlot per replicate were planted in the experimental field. Genetic studies on phenotypic measurements and molecular marker analysis were carried out on the established A. excelsa population. Measurements of quantitative traits including diameter breast height (Dbh) and total height were made. Mean Dbh …

Fire Effects On Three Trophic Levels In A Central Arkansas Grassland, Laura Skelton, Amy Polk, Brenna C. Fitzgerald, Matthew D. Moran

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

We studied the effect of a late growing-season fire on the plant and foliar arthropod communities in a naturally occurring grassland. In central Arkansas, these grasslands are common on south-facing slopes where shallow soils and hot/dry weather conditions during the summer cannot support the growth of a forest community. Patches of grassland were burned in the autumn (4 November, late growing season), often the time of natural fires in Arkansas, and compared to unburned areas. Fire increased the biomass of forbs and decreased the biomass of grasses, although overall biomass was not different between treatments. Among the foliar arthropods, herbivores …

Investigating The Relationship Between Cryptococcus Fagisuga And Fagus Grandifolia In Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Ashley B. Morris, Randall L. Small, Mitchell B. Cruzan

Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Focuses on a study which investigated the relationship between Cryptococcus fagisuga and Fagus grandifolia in Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Potential for genetic resistance; Methods; Results and discussion.

Isoetes Toximontana (Isoetaceae), A New Quillwort With Green Megaspores From The Northern Cape Of South Africa, Lytton John Musselman, J. P. Roux

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Isoetes toximontana is only the second quillwort reported from the Northern Cape region in South Africa. It occurs in shallow water on the Gifberg. Megaspores are uniformly tuberculate on the proximal surface; their distal surfaces may have occasional rugi along with bullae. They are olive green when dry. Microspores are brown and aculeate. Preliminary field studies suggest that an unexpected diversity of quillworts is found in this region.

The P23 Protein Of Citrus Tristeza Virus Controls Asymmetrical Rna Accumulation, Satyanarayana Tatineni, Siddarame Gowda, Maria A. Ayllon, Maria R. Albiach-Marti, Shailaja Rabindran, William O. Dawson

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Citrus tristeza virus (CTV), a member of the Closteroviridae, has a 19.3-kb positive-stranded RNA genome that is organized into 12 open reading frames (ORFs) with the 10 3' genes expressed via a nested set of nine or ten 3'-coterminal subgenomic mRNAs (sgRNAs). Relatively large amounts of negative-stranded RNAs complementary to both genomic and sgRNAs accumulate in infected cells. As is characteristic of RNA viruses, wild-type CTV produced more positive than negative strands, with the plus-to-minus ratios of genomic and sgRNAs estimated at 10 to 20:1 and 40 to 50:1, respectively. However, a mutant with all of the 3' genes …

Genetic Analysis Of Feed Quality And Seed Weight Of Sorghum Inbred Lines And Hybrids Using Analytical Methods And Nirs, C. Hicks, M. R. Tuinstra, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, F. E. Dowell, K. D. Kofoid

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Eight lines of grain sorghum and their F1 hybrids were evaluated for contents of crude protein (CP), fat (FAT), and starch (STA); protein digestibility (PD); and in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD). The effect of seed weight (SW) on these traits and the potential use of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to predict them also were investigated. The male lines included three normal-seeded lines (TX2737, TX435, and P954063) and two largeseeded lines (PL-1 and Eastin1). The female lines included commonU.S. seed parent lines (Wheatland, Redlan, and SA3042). The lines and their hybrids were grown under dryland conditions at Kansas State …