Plant Biology Commons^™

Isotopes As Natural Recorders Of Grassland Ecosystem Functioning And Change, Hans Schnyder, Karl Auerswald

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Rangeland Ecology And Management In A Changing World, Joel R. Brown, Brandon T. Bestelmeyer, Kris M. Havstad

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Public Demands On Intensive Grassland Systems And Agri-Environmental Policies Of Oecd Members, Alain Peeters

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Livestock Production And Poverty Alleviation--Challenges And Opportunities In Arid And Semi‐Arid Tropical Rangeland Based Systems, C. Seré, A. Ayantunde, A. Duncan, A. Freeman, M. Herrero, Shirley A. Tarawali, I. Wright

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Sustainability And Optimization Of Rangeland Uses: Issues Of Perspective And Scale, T. L. Thurow

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Overview Of Grassland And Its Development In China, Jiawen Liu, Yingjun Zhang, Yongjun Li, Deli Wang, Guodong Han, Fujiang Hou

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Building Bridges: Grasslands To Rangelands, James T. O'Rourke, Gavin Sheath, Vivien G. Allen

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

21st International Grassland Congress / 8th International Rangeland Congress: Foreward And Acknowledgement, Organizing Committee Of 2008 Igc/Irc Conference

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Biomass And Carbon Stock Estimation In Woody Grass (Dendrocalamus Strictus L.) In Doon Valley, India, V. Subbulakshmi, Rajesh Kaushal, J. M. S. Tomar, N. M. Alam, J. Jayparkash, Harsh Mehta, A. K. Gupta, A. C. Rathore, O. P. Chaturvedi, P. K. Mishra

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Bamboos commonly kown as woody grass are one of the most important species particularly in Asia, where it is frequently considered as the ―timber of the poor‖ (Rao et al., 1985). With about 23 genera and 136 species, India is the second largest reservoir of bamboos, next only to China (SFR, 2013 and Nath et al., 2009). Bamboos occur extensively in the managed ecosystems of India—both as plantations (and in agroforestry (scattered clumps, hedgerows on farm boundaries etc.

Dendrocalamus strictus L. is most commonly found bamboo in India. It is widely distributed in dry deciduous forests and grows rapidly …

Effect Of Including Arachis Pintoi In Tropical Forages Diets Megathyrsus Maximus And Brachiaria Humidicola On In Vitro Methane Production, Diana Marcela Valencia Echavarría, Luis Alfonso Giraldo Valderrama, Alexandra Torres, Alejandra Marín Gomez

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Ruminants have the capability to ferment structural carbohydrates found in forages and obtain from them a usable form of energy to produce high quality food, i.e milk and meat (Kamra et al., 2012). However, as a gaseous by-product from the enteric fermentation of those carbohydrates, methane is produced in a significant proportion, being considered as one of the most important greenhouse gases (GHG). In Colombian tropical livestock, inclusion of legumes in on poor quality grasses diets based have allowed an improvement of their nutritive quality, besides enteric methanogenesis reduction because their content of condensed tannins (CT); however, this is not …

Phyto-Ruminal-Bioremediation: Grasses To The Rescue, Morrie Craig, Jennifer Duringer, Linda Blythe

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The US EPA has defined Super Fund sites for 594 toxins in the United States. The EPA definition of toxins is one that causes acute or chronic human health effects, or causing significant environmental harm. One of the categories of toxins is nitroaromatic molecules, which are used primarily as munitions. In the United States alone there are 16,000 Department of Defense (DoD) sites. The most common munitions there are TNT, RDX, HMX, and 2,4 DNT. In the world, these sites range historically from World War II residues to those from recent Middle East conflicts. Human health effects from these toxins …

Comparison Of Two Different Pasture Species Compositions For Recovery Of Deep Soil Nitrogen During Winter, Brendon Malclom, Keith Cameron, Grant Edwards, Jim Moir, Hong Di

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Surplus nitrate (NO₃^-) beneath animal urine patches is highly vulnerable to leaching, particularly during winter when soil drainage is often highest. Most common pastures in New Zealand (i.e. Lolium perenne) have relatively shallow root systems and produce low dry matter (DM) yields during winter months. Recent investigations suggest that alternative pasture species may be able to recover more soil nitrogen (N) during winter and consequently reduce NO₃^- leaching losses (Moir et al., 2013; Malcolm et al., 2014; 2015). However, further work is required to better understand the importance of root system architecture and plant …

Effect Of Selected Tanniniferous Leaves On In Vivo Enteric Methane Emission In Sheep, M. Saravanan, R. Bhatta, L. Baruah, P. K. Malik, N. Ravi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Concentration of methane is continuously increasing in atmosphere and now almost 155% (IPCC, 2007) more than that recorded during pre-industrial era. Livestock production is a major sector accountable for high methane emission into atmospheric pool. World’s livestock is contributing around 15% of total atmospheric methane on annual basis feeds (Moss et al., 2000). Additionally, methane emission from ruminants leads to a loss of 2 to 15% of the dietary energy (Holter and Young, 1992). Due to these two crucial issues, researchers are working tirelessly to find a suitable and effective way for enteric methane amelioration accompanied with minimal inputs. …

Methane Emission Estimated From Different Cattle Intake Data In Heifers Grazing A Tropical Pasture, José Augusto Imaz, O. Hernández, D. Dos Santos, A. Radrizzani, J. I. Arroquy

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The quantification of methane (CH₄) from enteric fermentation related to cattle diet is a useful tool to identify strategies to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. This is even important in tropical and subtropical regions due to the lack of CH₄ estimations in beef cattle, particularly from Bos Indicus breeds grazing tropical grasses (Kurihara et al., 1999). Several modelling approaches have been developed in order to predict CH₄ emission. However, the use of these models has limitations associated with uncertainty information required such as feed intake (FI), composition of the selected diet and animal responses (Gonzalez et …

Effect Of Graded Levels Of Condensed Tannin (Ct) From Mimosa Pudica On In-Vitro Methane Production, P. K. Malik, R. Bhatta, N. Ravi, M. Saravanan, L. Baruah

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Livestock in the country are primarily being fed on fibrous feed resulted in high enteric methane (CH₄) emission along with low nutrients availability to host animal. Rumen methano genesis is necessary for the host system as this process ensure the removal of fermentative H₂ through the reduction of CO₂ into CH₄. At the same time this process is wasteful because the emission also represents a loss of dietary energy (6-12% of gross energy intake) apart from contributing to global warming.

Worldwide livestock contribute around 90-95 Tg methane to the pool with a contribution of …

Gross Biomass And Root/Shoot Ratio Mediated Drought Sensitivities Of Ecosystem Carbon Exchange In A Meadow Steppe, Yunbo Wang, Wei Sun, Deli Wang

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

According to IPCC’s Report (2007), global precipitation regimes will change largely in the future, with more annual precipitation at the mid-latitude regions. Simultaneously, due to the accelerating industrialization and use of nitrogen (N) fertilizer, significant increase in nitrogen deposition has been widely documented (Liu et al., 2013).

Water and nitrogen are the two most important limiting factors for the ecological processes of arid and semi-arid grassland ecosystems; therefore, altered precipitation regimes and enhanced nitrogen deposition are likely to change vegetation composition, ecosystem productivity, and aboveground vs belowground biomass distribution.

In addition to these long-term changes, short-term climate extremes, such …

Spatial Heterogeneity Of Soil And Vegetation Characteristics And Soil-Vegetation Relationships Along An Ecotone In Southern Mu Us Sandy Land, China, Yingzhong Xie, Kaiyang Qiu, Dongmei Xu, Richard Pott

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Spatial pattern analysis is an essential component of spatial heterogeneity studies on soil properties and vegetation characteristics. It was conducted in several studies for both soil and vegetation characteristics (Strand et al., 2007; Dick and Gilliam, 2007; Zuo et al., 2010). This study aims to examine the changes in the spatial heterogeneity of soil properties at different soil layers, the spatial heterogeneity of soil and vegetation characteristics along an ecotone, and soil-vegetation relationships along the ecotone in a critical area of desertification.

Evaluate The Interactions Between Grassland Ecosystems And Precipitation Anomalies Under Changing Grazing Intensity In Central Asia, Dildora Aralova, Babatunde A. Osunmadewa, Toderich Kristina, Dilshod Gafurov, Elmar Csaplovics

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Long term monitoring of grassland being the largest ecosystem on earth plays an important role in understanding its productivity and transformation (changes) over time. With the availability of remote sensing data, most ecological and environmental problems caused either by human activities such as extensive agriculture, pastoralism which might lead to desertification, land degradation, loss of biodiversity and climate change amongst others can be monitored. For this study, vegetation cover was selected as the main source of examination and subsets of area covered with grasslands were profiled for further monitoring of grassland increasing and decreasing trends in selected areas of Central …

Effect Of Climate Change In 50-Years Period On Grassland Productivity In Central Poland, Piotr Goliński, Marek Czerwinski, Barbara Golińska

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In Central Europe, the climate change is predicted to bring more rainfall in winter, less rainfall in summer, and an increased drought risk (Trnka et al., 2011). Smit et al., (2008) reported that significant drops in grassland productivity can usually be attributed to drier summers. Also in Poland, the most important abiotic factor limiting grassland productivity is water shortage and its distribution during vegetative season. Indicating the influence of climate on grass vegetation growth could be an important tool in grassland management on the national, regional and single grassland scales. The aim of the study was to evaluate …

Climate Change Adaptation In Vulnerable Crop And Livestock Production Systems In Mgeta, Tanzania, Leif Jarle Asheim, Zabron C. Nziku, Lars O. Eik, Dismas Mwaseba, George C. Kifaro

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Awareness regarding effects of climate change on the environment and livelihoods is becoming more apparent than at any time before (Elisha, 2006). Among the farming systems that have attracted the attention in Tanzania, are those in Mgeta in thehigh altitude water catchment area in the Uluguru Mountains. Land degradation have been widely reported in Mgeta (Ponte, 2001), and is currently threatening the source of water for domestic use and livelihoods of the local communities. Increased occurrence of droughts and dry spells during the growing seasons might reinforce the problem. A robust cropping system toreplace the erosion vulnerable vegetables seems needed …

Genetic Diversity Correlates With Morphological Diversity Among Populations Of Achyrachaena Mollis, Rachel S. Bice

University Honors Theses

Biodiversity is important for ecosystem health and sustainability, especially in the current, rapidly changing climate. Understanding the underlying causes behind morphological variation will allow for more accurate predictions about how a population will respond to climate change, and potentially yield better natural resource management strategies. Achyrachaena mollis is an annual, self-fertilizing, range-limited, endemic species found in Northern California and Southern Oregon. This species depends primarily on wind seed dispersal for gene flow, making it a good study species in seed dispersal experiments. Additionally, A. mollis is more readily influenced by changes in its environment than a perennial due to its …

Response Of Dynamic Change Of Vegetation Index To Precipitation Fluctuations In Hulunbeier Typical Steppe, Zhaoyan Diao, Shihai Lu, Zhirong Zheng, Shengxing Ye

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In arid and semi-arid regions, precipitation is an important environmental limiting factor for ecosystems, where precipitation characteristic parameters at different time scales have great variability (Mohammad and Howard, 2006), and the small precipitation events (< 5 mm) is the subject of precipitation events (Loik et al., 2004, Sala and Lauenroth, 1982). In this study, we used vegetation index extracted from TM or MODIS image to establish the regression models between vegetation index and precipitation, and then analyzed the response of typical steppe vegetation to precipitation fluctuations. Our result can supply reference for the productivity measurement model in typical steppe.

Effect Of Silting Yield Index On Biomass And Carbon Sequestration Potential Along An Altitudinal Gradient Of Subtropical Chir Pine Forests And Grasslands In North Western Himalaya, India, Debasis Mahato, B. Gupta, Matber Singh

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Biomass is an important characteristic of vegetation and is regarded as an important indicator of ecological and management processes in the vegetation. Measures of standing crop also reflect the amount of energy stored in the vegetation, which can indicate the potential productivity at the site. Forests are important for carbon sequestration besides playing very important role in the global carbon cycle. They store about 80% of all aboveground and 40% of all belowground terrestrial organic carbon. This study comprises to estimate the biomass and carbon stock of chirpine forests at different altitudinal gradients.

Dynamic Transcriptomic And Phosphoproteomic Analysis During Cell Wall Stress In Aspergillus Nidulans, Cynthia Chelius, Walker Huso, Samantha Reese, Alexander Doan, Stephen Lincoln, Kelsi Lawson, Boa Tran, Raj Purohit, Trevor Glaros, Ranjan Srivastava, Steven D. Harris, Mark R. Marten

Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty Publications

The fungal cell-wall integrity signaling (CWIS) pathway regulates cellular response to environmental stress to enable wall repair and resumption of normal growth. This complex, interconnected, pathway has been only partially characterized in filamentous fungi. To better understand the dynamic cellular response to wall perturbation, a-glucan synthase inhibitor (micafungin) was added to a growing A. nidulans shake-flask culture. From this flask, transcriptomic and phosphoproteomic data were acquired over 10 and 120 min, respectively. To differentiate statistically-significant dynamic behavior from noise, a multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) model was applied to both data sets. Over 1800 genes were dynamically expressed and over …

Species Dispersal Modes In Amphitropical Plant Species Of North And South America, Samera Lemma Mulatu

Honors College Theses

Amphitropical disjunct plants are species that occur in both North and South America but not in the intermediate equatorial region. How amphitropical species dispersed across the Americas to their current distribution remains uncertain. To explain amphitropical distributions, three hypotheses were developed to test that (1) species dispersed successively through island hopping across the tropical zone in temperate microhabitats (= stepping stones), (2) species came to their current distribution through vicariance, or (3) species dispersed by a single long distance dispersal event. Twenty-five species were studied to infer their historical distributions with species distribution models in MaxEnt. Distribution models for each …

Frost Tolerance, Deacclimation And Reacclimation Traits In Perennial Ryegrass, Mats Höglind, Hans Martin Hanslin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The ability of perennial grasses to harden and maintain frost tolerance throughout the winter is crucial for winter survival. This includes the ability to resist deacclimation during transient mild spells in winter, and the ability to reacclimate when cold temperatures return. The latter traits are especially critical in regions with cycles of freezing and thawing, and lack of a stable, insulating snowcover that can protect the plants from extreme air temperatures. Such conditions are typical for many coastal areas in Northern Eurasia and America, such as the southwestern coast of Norway. The climate is changing and one of the consequences …

Importance Of Grassland Management For Carbon Sequestration And To Mitigate Climate Change: A Review, Poonam Yadav, Sheela Choudhary, Sunil Dutt Choudhary, Praveen Kaushik

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Grasslands, including rangelands, shrub lands, pastureland, and cropland sown with pasture and fodder crops, covered approximately 3.5 billion ha in 2000, representing 26 percent of the world land area and 70 percent of the world agricultural area, and containing about 20 percent of the world’s soil carbon stocks (Ramankutty et al., 2008). All ecosystems- forested ecosystems, agro-ecosystems, grassland, ecosystems etc. take up atmospheric CO₂ and mineral nutrients and transform them into organic products In undisturbed ecosystems, the carbon balance tends to be positive: carbon uptake through photosynthesis exceeds losses from respiration, even in mature, old-growth forest ecosystems.

Improving …

Effect Of Topographical Condition On Radioactive Cesium Pollution Of Herbaceous Plants In A Mountainous Grazing Pasture After Fukushima Dai-Ichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident, Shin-Ichiro Ogura, Masanori Saito

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The Great East Japan Earthquake on 11 March 2011, followed by tsunami, incurred the accident of the Fukushima Dai-Ichi Nuclear Power Station (NPS). The radioactive fallout was dispersed by wind and deposited in large part of eastern Japan by rainfall or snowfall after the accident (Chino et al., 2011; Katata et al., 2012; Terada et al., 2012). That caused extensive pollution by radioactive cesium (Cs) (the sum of 134Cs and 137Cs) in agricultural lands (MEXT, 2011) including permanent pastures and meadows. In mountainous areas, it can be thought that radioactive Cs migrated from convex to concave regions by snow …

Simulating The Effect Of The Climate Change, Genotypes And Management On The Productivity Of Forage Cowpea In Semi-Arid Regions Of India, Suchit K. Rai, Sunil Kumar, D. Deb

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Climate variability and change due to increase in green house gases concentration and the resultant increase in temperature has led to notable changes in different sectors including water and agriculture which would impact food security (Rai et al., 2014) in many regions of the developing world, which are largely dependent on rainfed and labor intensive agricultural production (Ziervogel and Calder, 2003). Eco-physiological models are widely used especially the potential impacts of climate change (Gitay et al., 2001; White et al., 2011). The cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is an annual herbaceous legume cultivated for its edible seeds …

Change In Migration And Pasture Utilization By Brokpa Pastoral Nomads: A Sustainable Adaptation Strategy For Climate Sensitive Arunachal Pradesh!?, Sanjit Maiti, S. K. Jha, Sanchita Garai, Vijay Paul, G. Krishnan, A. K. Bera, D. Bhattacharya, S. M. Deb

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The north-eastern states of India specially Arunachal Pradesh, one of the bio-diversity hotspot, is expected to be greatly affected by climate change. Climate change will not only adversely impact the biodiversity of Arunachal Pradesh, but also affect the livelihood of local communities as they fully dependent on the natural resources. The Monpa is a primitive tribe inhabiting parts of West Kameng and Tawang district of Arunachal Pradesh. The pastoral nomad of the Monpa tribe is popularly known as Brokpa. Transhumance system of livestock mainly yak (Poephagus grunniens L.) rearing is their main source of livelihood. In recent past, …