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Articles 1231 - 1260 of 13467
Full-Text Articles in Plant Biology
Ensiling Losses In Fresh Grass Silage, K Rinne
Ensiling Losses In Fresh Grass Silage, K Rinne
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Grass-based silage is considered both a satisfactory and economical roughage for dairy cattle, especially in Northern Europe. The greatest risks to efficient and economical silage making are ensiling losses. Ensiling losses emerge immediately after cutting. If the grass is ensiled directly after cutting, respiration losses on the field will ne negligible. Instead, respiration losses may occur within the silo during ensiling and also thereafter. These will persist until the silage is compacted enough, or airtight, or on the other hand, until the additive has rendered the conditions for plant enzyme and aerobic microbial activity impossible. Silage produces a considerable quantity …
L'Ensilage En Balles Roundes Sous Film Etirable, F Gaillard
L'Ensilage En Balles Roundes Sous Film Etirable, F Gaillard
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
L'ensilage d'herbe en balles rondes est connu depuis de nombreuses annees (Gaillard, 1981) et a donne lieu a des experimentations CEMAGREF/INRA (Andrieu et al., 1981; Dulphy et al., 1984). Les enrubanneuses relancent l'interet de cet ensilage par !es pertes limitees qu'elles entrainent (Gaillard et Zwaenepoel, 1987). Les enrubanneuses realisent un emballage integral des balles rondes a partir d'un film etirable de 50 cm de large. Devant la multiplication de ces appareils en Europe du nord et leur venue probable en France, ii est apparu necessaire d'evaluer l'interet de cette technique.
The Occurrence Of Lactic Acid Bacteria On Forage Crops, Barbara Ruser
The Occurrence Of Lactic Acid Bacteria On Forage Crops, Barbara Ruser
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Lactic acid serves as a conserving agent in silage production. It is produced by Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) developing from the epiphytic flora of the ensiled plant material. Therefore silage quality depends - besides silage management and plant composition - on the natural LAB occurrence on the crop. Up to now only little information is available about the epiphytic LAB population, which seems to grow rarely on plants (Stirling, 1953; Nilson and Nilson, 1956; Mundt, 1970; Weise and Wermke, 1973). Studies of the last ten years have shown that LAB counts vary within a wide range, also indicating high population …
Effect Of Inoculation Of Lactic Acid Bacteria On Silage Fermentation, T Masuko, K Awaya
Effect Of Inoculation Of Lactic Acid Bacteria On Silage Fermentation, T Masuko, K Awaya
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Many commercial preparations containing lactic acid bacteria are used by the farmers as a silage additive. The trials of inoculation for silage have been employed by many researchers since the beginning of this century. However, the definite conclusion of the value of inoculants for silage is not obtained yet. Most of these inoculants are based on mixed cultures of lactic acid bacterium. Beneficial effect of inoculated silage must be discussed in connection with water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content or carbohydrate source addition. The present study was carried out in order to know whether the effect of inoculation of lactic bacteria …
Effect Of Cellulase And Microbial Inoculant On The Quality And Digestibility Of Maize And Mixed Maize-Sorghum Silages, F Baintner, B Kissno, G Kelemen, F Harangozo
Effect Of Cellulase And Microbial Inoculant On The Quality And Digestibility Of Maize And Mixed Maize-Sorghum Silages, F Baintner, B Kissno, G Kelemen, F Harangozo
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The digestible energy content of silages is always less than that of the original green fodder. This energy difference can only be balanced in the daily fodder ration of dairy cows by the use of cereal grain supplement. Recently, there is a growing interest in mixed maize/sorghum silage cropping in Hungary and in Northern USA. The emphasized advantages of the system are: enhanced total silage production in drought prone regions and soils, higher protein content, crop diversification and lower seed costs (Scheuring, 1987). A big drawback of the system is undoubtedly that the digestible energy content of the mixture decreases …
Direct And Delayed Sealing Of Round Bales Of Lucerne At Low Degrees Of Wilting, A Ciotti, A Canale, M E. Valente, P G. Peiretti
Direct And Delayed Sealing Of Round Bales Of Lucerne At Low Degrees Of Wilting, A Ciotti, A Canale, M E. Valente, P G. Peiretti
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In the process of ensiling round bales, delayed sealing leads to a greater degree of aeration, oxidation of sugars, and heating. To check the effects of delayed sealing on the quality of conservation, a trial was set up on bales wrapped either one or 24 hours after harvesting, these times being considered the reasonable limits in practice. Lucerne, at a moderate level of wilting, was used to operate under limiting conditions for successful ensiling.
Improvement Of Lucerne Silage By Addition Of Inoculants And Different Carbohydrate Sources, M Gonzalez-Raurich, Conchita Carpintero
Improvement Of Lucerne Silage By Addition Of Inoculants And Different Carbohydrate Sources, M Gonzalez-Raurich, Conchita Carpintero
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Silage fermentation is an uncontrolled process and its outcome is controlled by factors such as random inoculation by natural lactic acid bacteria and also crop composition. Chemical and biological additives such as inoculants allow a degree of control and manipulation of the fermentation process. As substrata for lactic acid production is the main factor limiting the effectiveness ofinoculants, to increase the available sugar by the addition of carbohydrate-rich materials or a sugar source, such as molasses, could solve the problem. This study was undertaken to compare the effects of two commercial inoculants and the level of three fermentable sugars that …
Computer-Aided Prediction Of The Wilting Period Of Fodder Crops, H Thons, A Rubensam, J Pickert
Computer-Aided Prediction Of The Wilting Period Of Fodder Crops, H Thons, A Rubensam, J Pickert
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
From the view of the farm economy and environment protection it is necessary in the silage production to make maximum use of all the advantages of wilting before silage additives are applied to support the conservation process. Reaching dry matter (DM) contents of 28 - 35 % and 40 - 45 % is one of the most important factors and the most essential criterion for the management of silage production from grasses and legumes, respectively. In recent years, only 60 % of all silages from grasses and legumes produced in the G.D.R. had the required DM content. The other silages …
Effects Of Wilting And Formic Acid On The Chemical Composition And Nutritive Value Of Elephant Grass Silage Pennisetum Purpureum Schum) Purple Cultivar, W Lavezzo, Otavia E.N.M Lavezzo, C Rossi, I A. Bonassi
Effects Of Wilting And Formic Acid On The Chemical Composition And Nutritive Value Of Elephant Grass Silage Pennisetum Purpureum Schum) Purple Cultivar, W Lavezzo, Otavia E.N.M Lavezzo, C Rossi, I A. Bonassi
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
At the beginning of the growth the Elephant grass had a good dry matter production and a good nutritive value and due to this it is often used for ensilage in Brazil. However, when best suited age for ensilage (50-60 days), its water content is high making normally difficult to get suitable silages. Although reasonable silages of Elephant grass have been obtained with no additives (Tosi et al., 1983), the wilting and formic acid utilization during the ensilage have resulted in good quality silages (Silveira et al., 1979) with good nutritive value (Lavezzo et al., 1984). The purpose of this …
The Effect Of The Crude Fiber The Quality Of The Silage, Marianna V. Kota
The Effect Of The Crude Fiber The Quality Of The Silage, Marianna V. Kota
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
By increasing the yield of the intensively fertilized and repeatedly utilized roughage, we get a product with relatively high protein and low fibre content. It does not meet the cow's demand for optimum crude protein - crude fibre rate, and it also makes good quality silage producing difficult. From the technological point of view, crude fibre plays a most important role in density (Dernedde, 1983). So, as the process of self-oxydation is made shorter, there remains plenty of sugar to provide for natural fermentation, (Murdoch, 1966). In our experiment, we examined what quality silage could be made of pure alfalfa …
Effect Of Combining Hay Cube On The Digestibility Of Whole Crop Paddy Rice Haylage At The Ripe Stage, L F. Quinitio, K Taji
Effect Of Combining Hay Cube On The Digestibility Of Whole Crop Paddy Rice Haylage At The Ripe Stage, L F. Quinitio, K Taji
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The study of paddy rice (PR) as feedstuff started at the National Agricultural Experiment Station in 1962. The original subject of the study was the utilization method of green PR by soiling as roughage. Subsequently, many results in the feeding value of PR soiling, hay, silage and grain have been reported by many workers. The structure of PR, as it results from the plants' growth and development, determines the foliage and grain parts, the former is roughage and latter is concentrate. In a series of PR utilization trials as feedstuff, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of …
Corn Crop Grown With And Without Tropical Legumes For Silage Making, J A. Obeid, M E. Cruz
Corn Crop Grown With And Without Tropical Legumes For Silage Making, J A. Obeid, M E. Cruz
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Under Brasilian conditions the beef and milk production rely almost exclusively upon the use of natural or cultivated pastures. However, due to the characteristics of the climate with a warm and rainy season and a cool and dry season, the forage growth rate and animal production presents both high and low peaks, resulting in slaughtering age of 4-5 years and a low average milk production (Pedreira, 1973). Improvement of forage production has been one approach for increasing animal production. However, the above measure brings a higher attention to the feeding of the animals in the dry season. Most often, use …
Changes In The Chemical Composition Of Wheat For Silage During Development In A Warm Climate, G Ashbell, Z G. Weinberg
Changes In The Chemical Composition Of Wheat For Silage During Development In A Warm Climate, G Ashbell, Z G. Weinberg
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Wheat for silage in Israel is usually grown as a winter crop in a double-cropping system. In such a system, the wheat is harvested before it reaches maturity and the land is then ready for the summer crop. The periods between the various maturation stages of wheat are relatively short, especially in a warm climate. Ash bell (1984) and Ashbell et al. (1985) found that the greatest changes in nutritive components of the whole wheat plant occurred between the flowering and the milk ripening stages. During that period there is an increase in dry matter (DM) and water soluble carbohydrates …
The Chemical Composition And Cellulase Digestibility Of Pressed Crops Obtained In The Process Of Green Crop Fractionation, R N. Joshi, V R. Deshmukh
The Chemical Composition And Cellulase Digestibility Of Pressed Crops Obtained In The Process Of Green Crop Fractionation, R N. Joshi, V R. Deshmukh
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Although green crop fractionation (GCF) has been shown to increase the yields of dry matter (DM) and protein per unit area of a small farm per unit time, this process has attracted very little interest in India despite over four decades of research (Joshi, 1983). This is because almost all work on GCF has been carried out with an intention to extract leaf protein (LP) for human consumption and no attempts have been made to utilise the other two products obtained in the process viz., the pressed crop (PC) and the whey which carry with them over 85 % of …
Growth And Chemical Composition Of Corn Fertilized In Glasshouse Trails With Italian Ryegrass Brown Juice, G U. Reddy, T Nagatomo, H Kubota, M Ohshima
Growth And Chemical Composition Of Corn Fertilized In Glasshouse Trails With Italian Ryegrass Brown Juice, G U. Reddy, T Nagatomo, H Kubota, M Ohshima
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In the process of extraction of the leaf protein from Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), large amount of brown juice (BJ) is produced. Since it is rich in sugars and minerals, the effective utilization of BJ will have a great effect on the economics of the process. Direct field application of alfalfa BJ to some of the plants caused plant damage and reduction in the yields (Reddy et al., 1987). The aim of present investigation is to evaluate BJ fertilization effect in the organic or inorganic forms on corn (Zea mays L.) plant.
Rice Straw Utilization In India, V Subramaniyan
Rice Straw Utilization In India, V Subramaniyan
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Rice is the most important food crop of nearly half of the world's population and is predominantly an Asian crop. India is the largest rice growing country with an area of 43 million hectares under rice cultivation which is 29% of the world's total. The production of rice in India has increased almost three fold in the last three decades due to the high yielding varieties and improved production technology. Straw left by the world's three foremost food crops viz rice, wheat and maize are the largest available renewable crop residue. This paper discusses about the current utilisation pattern, and …
La Vitesse De Sechage Au Champ Des Foins De Prairies Permanentes Application Aux Prairies De Fauche Des Alpes Du Nord Francaises, P Fleury, I Philippot, B Jeannin
La Vitesse De Sechage Au Champ Des Foins De Prairies Permanentes Application Aux Prairies De Fauche Des Alpes Du Nord Francaises, P Fleury, I Philippot, B Jeannin
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Notre objectif est de determiner Jes conditions climatiques necessaires au sechage des differents types de vegetation des prairies permanentes fauchees des Alpes du Nord frarn;aises, en fonction des pratiques de fenaison.
Results Of Experimental Production Of Forage Of Grasslands Established On Abnormal Soils In Vojvodina Province, B Miskovic, P Eric, L J. Stefanovic
Results Of Experimental Production Of Forage Of Grasslands Established On Abnormal Soils In Vojvodina Province, B Miskovic, P Eric, L J. Stefanovic
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In Vojvodina province there is a certain acreage under hydromorphic, alkaline hydromorphic and alkaline soils which are not suitable for cultivation and growing of row crops. The acreage is roughly about 320000 ha. These soils may be cultivated only a short interval because of their unfavorable physical and aerial-hydrological properties and mechanical texture. If we add that the suitable machinery and implements are expensive, it becomes clear why farmers are unwilling to make use of that land (Zivkovic et al., 1972). The results of several research projects dealing with that problem indicated the establishment of cultivated grasslands as an optimum …
Towards Improving Animal Production In The Rangelands Of Kenya, A Abate, M M. Wanyoike, M S. Badamana, A N. Abate
Towards Improving Animal Production In The Rangelands Of Kenya, A Abate, M M. Wanyoike, M S. Badamana, A N. Abate
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In Kenya, the rangelands comprise about 80% of the country's land surface and contain about 76% of its population of cattle, sheep, goats and camels. Pastoralism is the dominant activity in this zone managed by among others, Maasai, Rendille, Samburu and Turkana tribesmen. The nomads keep animals for their own dietary requirements of milk, blood and meat and for sale to the heavily populated and crop dominated production systems of the high potential areas. The relative merits of meat and milk production and other economic indices of productivity have been analysed and discussed (ILCA, 1984). Despite suggested improvement interventions animal …
La Fertilization Phosphatee: Un Outil Pour Stimuler Les Luzerne Annuelles Indigenes En Region Mediterraneenne Francaise Et Froide, D Dauro, G Gintzburger
La Fertilization Phosphatee: Un Outil Pour Stimuler Les Luzerne Annuelles Indigenes En Region Mediterraneenne Francaise Et Froide, D Dauro, G Gintzburger
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Les techniques d'amelioration de la production fourragere par l'introduction de nouvelles especes, !'irrigation et !es fertilisations ne sont pas toujours aises et/ou economique a mettre en a:uvre en zone mediterraneenne, en particulier sur parcours a sols caillouteux ou a acces difficile. Une voie interessante consiste a rechercher une fa9on simple de stimuler !es legumineuses presentes dans la flore locale des parcours, afin d'initialiser une dynamique de la vegetation, d'augmenter la contribution specifique des legumineuses fixant a leur tour l'azote utilisable par !es graminees et autres especes pastorales. L'equilibre legumineuses-autres plantes pastorales serait entretenu ensuite par la gestion du parcours (rotation, …
Herbage Production From Grassland Under Stressed Environments In India, P Singh, P Rai
Herbage Production From Grassland Under Stressed Environments In India, P Singh, P Rai
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In India, out of the total reporting area of 304.21 m ha, forest covers 67.32 m ha (22.13 per cent) while permanent pastures, miscellaneous tree crops and groves, cultivable wastelands and fallow lands altogether cover 53.78 m ha (17.68 per cent). These are the potential areas available for grazing in one or other form. Only 4 per cent of the area of the cultivated land is under fodder crops which is far less compared to large livestock population (more than 400 million). In last ten years, the increase in cattle population had been about 7 per cent, buffalo and sheep …
Influence Of Legume Introduction On The Quality And Productivity Of Semi-Arid Grasslands Of India, K C. Kanodia
Influence Of Legume Introduction On The Quality And Productivity Of Semi-Arid Grasslands Of India, K C. Kanodia
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Low productivity of traditionally managed herds is largely attributed to the low quality and quantity in semi-arid grasslands. This is also aggravated due to high bovine population (416 m. heads) in the country, which has resulted in extreme deterioration of these resources. The grassland productivity can be improved through fertilizer application. But the escalating price of this commodity also restricts its use in the natural grasslands. Legumes are also known for their Nfixation ability through the bacteria, hibernating in their root nodules, which release nitrogen in the soil on their death and decay (Rogas and Hokare, 1970). This can therefore …
Preliminary Studies Of Improvement And Utilization Of Natural Grasslands Of Jiangxi Province In China, Xie Fan, Wang Suzhen
Preliminary Studies Of Improvement And Utilization Of Natural Grasslands Of Jiangxi Province In China, Xie Fan, Wang Suzhen
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Jiangxi Province is situated in Southeast China, belonging to the midsubtropical monsoon region. There exists a vast acreage of natural grasslands to be utilized because of man's activities. In the areas where the artificial grasslands cannot be opened up for the present, some semi-artificial grasslands may be set up by additionally seeding the natural grasslands to fine forage grass in mode of banded shallow cultivation to speed up their improvement and utilization. This will be favourable to the development of the graminivorous livestock hursbandry in the whole province.
Introduction And Evaluation Of Perennial Forage Grasses For Use In Dryland Farming Regions On Morocco, A Arif, J Stubbendieck, S Waller, W Stroup
Introduction And Evaluation Of Perennial Forage Grasses For Use In Dryland Farming Regions On Morocco, A Arif, J Stubbendieck, S Waller, W Stroup
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Livestock are a significant part of the agricultural production system of central Morocco: 1) they utilize cereal by-products (straw, chaff, weeds) and 2) they are a source of readily available cash. Money generated from livestock sales serves to support the farmer and his family and sustain cropping operations such as seeding, weed control and harvest. However, livestock output is low. Cultivated forage represents only 3 % of arable land. The question we sought to answer was whether perennial forage grasses could establish under low rainfall conditions (250-390 mm) in central Morocco. Our goal was to extend the availability of quality …
Regeneration Par Les Semences Dans Les Hautes Plaines Steppiques Algeriennes, N Hanifi, J Touffet
Regeneration Par Les Semences Dans Les Hautes Plaines Steppiques Algeriennes, N Hanifi, J Touffet
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
La reproduction par Jes semences est un des modes de regeneration les plus repandus dans le regne vegetal (Grime, 1979). L'estimation de ce potentiel de reproduction en fonction du temps, c'est-a-dire !'evolution de la quantite de diaspores produites par un individu ou par unite de surface, nous renseigne sur la strategie demographique adoptee dans les premieres phases du cycle biologique des populations vegetales annuelles (Harper, 1977; Solbrig, 1979). Dans cette etude nous nous consacrerons uniquement aux plantes steppiques a cycles annuels appelees « ephemerophytes » (Daget, 1978) ; car elles offrent une opportunite remarquable pour la comprehension des aspects dynamiques …
A Study On Shrub Control On The Shade Slope Of Midtainshan Mountains, Yang En Zhong
A Study On Shrub Control On The Shade Slope Of Midtainshan Mountains, Yang En Zhong
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Many countries have studied shrub control on the grazing land in varying degrees. And their methods are manifold. McLean et al. (1982) have studied grasses, trees and cattle of British Columbia in the felled areas. They found that the plant output had increased year after year. The economic benefit had continued for over 20 years. Fitzgerald et al. (1985) had good results with spring - burn forest lands when grassland was established after roots and stumps of Populus tremuloides had been cleared up and the land improved by cattle grazing. Bailey (1972) found that herbage seedlings can germinate and grow …
Recommended Forages For Ethiopian Environments And Current Strategies For Utilization, A Mengistu
Recommended Forages For Ethiopian Environments And Current Strategies For Utilization, A Mengistu
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Ethiopia has great variations in relief with large areas of lowlands below 1.000 m, extensive plateaus at altitudes of 1 500 to 2 000 m and highlands with cultivation extending to about 3 000 m. Rainfall generally increases with altitude and is higher in the western and south central regions. Ethiopian environments can be classified as sub-humid in much of southcentral and western zones, semi-arid in the south, the central Rift Valley and the northern highlands, arid in the eastern lowlands and humid around Jimma in the south central region. The strong effect of altitude on temperature results in temperate …
Production Des Ecosystemes Steppiques A Armoise Blanche (Algerie): Variations Inter-Annuelles Et Implications Pastorales, A Aidoud
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Les formations a armoise blanche (Artemisia herba-alba Asso ), couvrant environ deux a trois millions d'hectares, constituent les parcours les plus etendus et Jes plus homogmenes des hautes plaines steppiques et de !'Atlas Saharien algeriens. Cette steppe est actuellement marquee, au niveau des Hautes Plaines par une degradation intense sous !'action d'un piiturage d'autant plus efficient qu'une tendance a la secheresse se fait sentir depuis une dizaine d'annees. Le present article presente Jes principales caracteristiques du fonctionnement de cet ecosysteme au niveau de la production primaire utilisable par les ovins. Les observations portent surl'evolution de la phytomasse et de …
Production Des Parcours Saheliens Et Possibilities De Rehabilitation, G Boudet, M Carriere, D Reiss
Production Des Parcours Saheliens Et Possibilities De Rehabilitation, G Boudet, M Carriere, D Reiss
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Depuis 1970, la periode de secheresse a entraine une contraction de la vegetation sahelienne des plateaux vers Jes fonds de bassins versants avec un appauvrissement floristique des parcours et surtout une reduction de la production fourragere regionale. Qu'en est-ii du bilan semencier et existe-t-il des interventions susceptibles d'inverser le processus ?
Agronomic Methods To Increase Pastureland Production In Mediterranean Marginal Areas, P Bullitta, Simonetta Bullitta, P P. Roggero
Agronomic Methods To Increase Pastureland Production In Mediterranean Marginal Areas, P Bullitta, Simonetta Bullitta, P P. Roggero
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Sardinian pasturelands covering 1.200.000 ha represent nearly the 50 % of the island surface and are the most important resource for animal feeding. Pastureland productivity is scarce, annual dry matter ranging from 6 to 12 q ha-1. Low production is mainly due to climate, scarce deepness and type of soils and by competition of mediterranean shrubs, mainly Cistus spp. that infests nearly 500.000 ha with a percentage of covering ranging from 20 to 100 % . The control of Cistus is normally done by means of fire and by ploughing but results are poor because a correct management of the …