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Articles 961 - 990 of 2094

Full-Text Articles in Toxicology

7-N-Acetylcysteine-Pyrrole Conjugate—A Potent Dna Reactive Metabolite Of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids, X. He, L. Ma, Q. Xia, P.P. Fu Jul 2020

7-N-Acetylcysteine-Pyrrole Conjugate—A Potent Dna Reactive Metabolite Of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids, X. He, L. Ma, Q. Xia, P.P. Fu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Plants containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are widespread throughout the world and are the most common poisonous plants affecting livestock, wildlife, and humans. PAs require metabolic activation to form reactive dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids (dehydro-PAs) that are capable of alkylating cellular DNA and proteins, form (±)-6,7-dihydro-7-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-5H-pyrrolizine (DHP)-DNA and DHP-protein adducts, and lead to cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and tumorigenicity. In this study, we determined that the metabolism of riddelliine and monocrotaline by human and rat liver microsomes in the presence of N-acetylcysteine both produced 7-N-acetylcysteine-DHP (7-NAC-DHP) and DHP. Reactions of 7-NAC-DHP with 2′-deoxyguanosine (dG), 2′-deoxyadenosine (dA), and calf thymus DNA in aqueous solution followed by …

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A Comparative Study Of Three Tissue-Cultured Dendrobium Species And Their Wild Correspondences By Headspace Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Combined With Chemometric Methods, N.-D. Chen, T. You, J. Li, L.-T. Bai, J.-W. Hao, X.-Y. Xu Jul 2020

A Comparative Study Of Three Tissue-Cultured Dendrobium Species And Their Wild Correspondences By Headspace Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Combined With Chemometric Methods, N.-D. Chen, T. You, J. Li, L.-T. Bai, J.-W. Hao, X.-Y. Xu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Plant tissue culture technique is widely used in the conservation and utilization of rare and endangered medicinal plants and it is crucial for tissue culture stocks to obtain the ability to produce similar bioactive components as their wild correspondences. In this paper, a headspace gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method combined with chemometric methods was applied to analyze and evaluate the volatile compounds in tissue-cultured and wild Dendrobium huoshanense Cheng and Tang, Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo and Dendrobium moniliforme (Linn.) Sw. In total, 63 volatile compounds were separated, with 53 being identified from the three Dendrobium spp. samples. Different provenances of …

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Antifungal Activity Of Momordica Charantia Seed Extracts Toward The Pathogenic Fungus Fusarium Solani L., S. Wang, Y. Zheng, F. Xiang, S. Li, G. Yang Jul 2020

Antifungal Activity Of Momordica Charantia Seed Extracts Toward The Pathogenic Fungus Fusarium Solani L., S. Wang, Y. Zheng, F. Xiang, S. Li, G. Yang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Momordica charantia L., a vegetable crop with high nutritional value, has been used as an antimutagenic, antihelminthic, anticancer, antifertility, and antidiabetic agent in traditional folk medicine. In this study, the antifungal activity of M. charantia seed extract toward Fusarium solani L. was evaluated. Results showed that M. charantia seed extract effectively inhibited the mycelial growth of F. solani, with a 50% inhibitory rate (IC50) value of 108.934 μg/mL. Further analysis with optical microscopy and fluorescence microscopy revealed that the seed extract led to deformation of cells with irregular budding, loss of integrity of cell wall, as well as disruption of …

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Effects Of Carbonyl Iron Powder On Iron Deficiency Anemia And Its Subchronic Toxicity, Q. Zhu, Y. Qian, Y. Yang, W. Wu, J. Xie, D. Wei Jul 2020

Effects Of Carbonyl Iron Powder On Iron Deficiency Anemia And Its Subchronic Toxicity, Q. Zhu, Y. Qian, Y. Yang, W. Wu, J. Xie, D. Wei

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Carbonyl iron powder (CIP) has been used as a food additive or mineral supplement. However, the effects of CIP on iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and its subchronic toxicity have not been investigated. We found that oral administration of CIP at a dose of 2.96 mg/kg recovered the hemoglobin concentration of erythrocytes of IDA rats to the normal level after 8 days. The no observed adverse effect level of CIP in rats was considered to be > 200 mg/kg. The hematological and serum biochemical parameters of the rats did not differ significantly between the control and treated groups. There were no morphological …

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A Survey Of Aflatoxin M1 In Cow Milk In Southern Iran, M. Hashemi Jul 2020

A Survey Of Aflatoxin M1 In Cow Milk In Southern Iran, M. Hashemi

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique was used to evaluate aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) levels in 168 samples of raw milk (135 samples and 33 samples from bulk tanks of farms and milk collection centers, respectively) and 12 samples of pasteurized milk in Fars province, Southern Iran. AFM1 was found in 55.56% of the samples with a mean concentration of 21.31 ng/L. The concentration of AFM1 in raw milk samples from farms was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than that in samples from collection centers and pasteurized milk. The concentration of AFM1 was not influenced by season, location, or type of farm. The concentrations of AFM1 in all samples were lower than the Iranian national standard limit (100 ng/L), but in 30% of raw cow milk samples they were higher than the maximum tolerance limit accepted by the European Union (50 ng/L); therefore, more effort is needed to control AFM1 levels in milk produced in Southern Iran. © 2016

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Bioactive Compounds And Antioxidative Activity Of Colored Rice Bran, Y.-P. Huang, H.-M. Lai Jul 2020

Bioactive Compounds And Antioxidative Activity Of Colored Rice Bran, Y.-P. Huang, H.-M. Lai

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The profiles of bioactive compounds (including phenolics and flavonoids in free and bound fractions, anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, vitamin E, and γ-oryzanol) of outer and inner rice bran from six colored rice samples collected from local markets were investigated. Proanthocyanidins could only be detected in red rice bran but not in black rice bran. The free fraction of the extracts dominated the total phenolics (72–92%) and the total flavonoids (72–96%) of colored rice bran. Most of the phenolic acids (83–97%) in colored rice bran were present in the bound form. Protocatechualdehyde was identified for the first time in the bound fraction of …

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Inhibitory Effects Of Polyphenol-Enriched Extract From Ziyang Tea Against Human Breast Cancer Mcf-7 Cells Through Reactive Oxygen Species-Dependent Mitochondria Molecular Mechanism, W. Li, N. He, L. Tian, X. Shi, X. Yang Jul 2020

Inhibitory Effects Of Polyphenol-Enriched Extract From Ziyang Tea Against Human Breast Cancer Mcf-7 Cells Through Reactive Oxygen Species-Dependent Mitochondria Molecular Mechanism, W. Li, N. He, L. Tian, X. Shi, X. Yang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A polyphenol-enriched extract from selenium-enriched Ziyang green tea (ZTP) was selected to evaluate its antitumor effects against human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. In ZTP, (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (28.2%) was identified as the major catechin, followed by (−)-epigallocatechin (5.7%) and (−)-epicatechin gallate (12.6%). ZTP was shown to inhibit MCF-7 cell proliferation (half maximal inhibitory concentration, IC50 = 172.2 μg/mL) by blocking cell-cycle progression at the G0/G1 phase and inducing apoptotic death. Western blotting assay indicated that ZTP induced cell-cycle arrest by upregulation of p53 and reduced the expression of CDK2 in MCF-7 cells. ZTP-caused cell apoptosis was associated with an increase in …

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Quantitation Of Curcuminoid Contents, Dissolution Profile, And Volatile Oil Content Of Turmeric Capsules Produced At Some Secondary Government Hospitals, C. Monton, L. Charoenchai, J. Suksaeree, L. Sueree Jul 2020

Quantitation Of Curcuminoid Contents, Dissolution Profile, And Volatile Oil Content Of Turmeric Capsules Produced At Some Secondary Government Hospitals, C. Monton, L. Charoenchai, J. Suksaeree, L. Sueree

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The aim of this work was to validate the simple and rapid isocratic reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography using a C-18 column for the determination of curcuminoid contents, dissolution profile, and volatile oil content of turmeric capsules produced at three secondary government hospitals. The validated reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography method for three curcuminoids (bisdemethoxycurcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and curcumin) had a good linearity (R2 > 0.9990), accuracy (% recovery was 99.96–101.14%, 97.42–102.23%, and 98.01–99.12% for bisdemethoxycurcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and curcumin, respectively), precision (% relative standard deviation < 2% and < 5% for intraday and interday precision, respectively), including limit of detection, limit of quantitation, and system suitability. We found that turmeric capsules had a higher content of curcumin than bisdemethoxycurcumin and demethoxycurcumin. The total curcuminoid contents of all lots ranged from 12.02%w/w to 14.36%w/w. Dissolution profiles of curcuminoids were fitted with Higuchi model. Moreover, volatile oil content, determined using the hydrodistillation method, ranged from 7.00%v/w to 8.00%v/w. In conclusion, all nine lots of turmeric capsules from three secondary government hospitals met the standard criteria of the Thai Herbal Pharmacopoeia in the topic of curcuminoid contents, dissolution, and volatile oil content. © 2016

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Evaluation Of Metal Concentration And Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, And Anticancer Potentials Of Two Edible Mushrooms Lactarius Deliciosus And Macrolepiota Procera, M. Kosanić, B. Ranković, A. Rančić, T. Stanojković Jul 2020

Evaluation Of Metal Concentration And Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, And Anticancer Potentials Of Two Edible Mushrooms Lactarius Deliciosus And Macrolepiota Procera, M. Kosanić, B. Ranković, A. Rančić, T. Stanojković

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

This study is designed for the determination of metal concentrations, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer potential of two edible mushrooms Lactarius deliciosus and Macrolepiota procera. Concentrations of nine metals are determined and all metals are present in the allowable concentrations in the tested mushrooms except Cd in M. procera. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by free radical scavenging and reducing power. M. procera extract had more potent free radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 311.40 μg/mL) than L. deliciosus extract. Moreover, the tested extracts had effective reducing power. The total content of phenol in the extracts was examined using Folin–Ciocalteu reagent and obtained …

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Trace Residue Analysis Of Dicyandiamide, Cyromazine, And Melamine In Animal Tissue Foods By Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography, X. Ge, X. Wu, S. Liang, M. Su, H. Sun Jul 2020

Trace Residue Analysis Of Dicyandiamide, Cyromazine, And Melamine In Animal Tissue Foods By Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography, X. Ge, X. Wu, S. Liang, M. Su, H. Sun

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

An effective sample preparation procedure using an accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) procedure, followed by cleaning with melamine molecularly imprinted polymers solid-phase extraction (MISPE) was developed. A novel and highly sensitive ASE–MISPE–ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method was developed for effective separation and simultaneous determination of dicyandiamide (DCD), cyromazine (CYR), and melamine (MEL) in complex animal tissue foods. Under optimized conditions, good linearity was achieved with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9999 in the range of at least two orders of magnitude. The limit of quantification of the method was 1.7 μg/kg, 5.0 μg/kg, and 3.2 μg/kg for DCD, MEL, and CYR, …

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Studies On Physicochemical And Nutritional Properties Of Aerial Parts Of Cassia Occidentalis L., S. Manikandaselvi, V. Vadivel, P. Brindha Jul 2020

Studies On Physicochemical And Nutritional Properties Of Aerial Parts Of Cassia Occidentalis L., S. Manikandaselvi, V. Vadivel, P. Brindha

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

In the present, work chemical composition and nutritional value of aerial parts of Cassia occidentalis L. was studied. The aerial parts of C. occidentalis possess favorable physicochemical properties with good nutritional value, such as high energy value, crude fibers, and vitamin levels. The X-ray fluorescence spectrophotometry data revealed that the sample is rich in minerals, especially in Fe, Ca, K, and Mn. Further, minerals such as Mg, Zn, Cu, Na, P, and S are present in good amount and depicted the nutritional value of the selected material. The plant sample is rich in phytochemicals such as flavonoids, alkaloids, lignin, tannins, …

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Temporal Trend Of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-P-Dioxin/Polychlorinated Dibenzofuran And Dioxin Like-Polychlorinated Biphenyl Concentrations In Food From Taiwan Markets During 2004–2012, C.-C. Lee, H.-T. Lin, Y.-M. Kao, M.-H. Chang, H.-L. Chen Jul 2020

Temporal Trend Of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-P-Dioxin/Polychlorinated Dibenzofuran And Dioxin Like-Polychlorinated Biphenyl Concentrations In Food From Taiwan Markets During 2004–2012, C.-C. Lee, H.-T. Lin, Y.-M. Kao, M.-H. Chang, H.-L. Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF) or polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) in foodstuffs have decreased over the past decade in many countries. However, the trend for the levels of these compounds in foodstuffs in Taiwan remains unknown. In this study, we compared the distribution of PCDD/F and PCB in nine foodstuff categories acquired from Taiwan markets from 2004 to 2012. The levels expressed as World Health Organization toxic equivalents (WHO-TEQs) in the different foodstuffs tested were as follows: fish, average 0.463 pg WHO98-TEQ/g sample > seafood, 0.163 pg WHO98-TEQ/g > eggs, 0.150 pg WHO98-TEQ/g > oils, 0.126 pg WHO98-TEQ/g > meats, …

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Extraction Temperature Affects The Activities Of Antioxidation, Carbohydrate-Digestion Enzymes, And Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Of Pleurotus Citrinopileatus Extract, P.-H. Chen, Y.-M. Weng, Z.-R. Yu, M. Koo, B.-J. Wang Jul 2020

Extraction Temperature Affects The Activities Of Antioxidation, Carbohydrate-Digestion Enzymes, And Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Of Pleurotus Citrinopileatus Extract, P.-H. Chen, Y.-M. Weng, Z.-R. Yu, M. Koo, B.-J. Wang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Extraction temperature can potentially affect the chemical compositions and bioactivities of the extracts obtained. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of extraction temperature on the distribution of bioactive compounds and the bioactivities of Pleurotus citrinopileatus. The antioxidant activities (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)+ scavenging capabilities) and the inhibitory capabilities on pancreatic α-amylase, intestinal α-glucosidase, and hypertension-linked angiotensin-converting enzyme of hot water P. citrinopileatus extract and cold water P. citrinopileatus extract were determined. The results showed that the antioxidant capabilities and inhibitory effects on α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and angiotensin-converting enzyme of cold water P. citrinopileatus extract were significantly higher …

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Renoprotective Effect Of Caralluma Fimbriata Against High-Fat Diet-Induced Oxidative Stress In Wistar Rats, S. Gujjala, M. Putakala, S. Nukala, M. Bangeppagari, R. Ramaswamy, S. Desireddy Jul 2020

Renoprotective Effect Of Caralluma Fimbriata Against High-Fat Diet-Induced Oxidative Stress In Wistar Rats, S. Gujjala, M. Putakala, S. Nukala, M. Bangeppagari, R. Ramaswamy, S. Desireddy

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The current study was designed to evaluate the renoprotective effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Caralluma fimbriata (CFE) against high-fat diet-induced oxidative stress in Wistar rats. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: control (C), control treated with CFE (C + CFE), high-fat diet fed (HFD), high-fat diet fed treated with CFE (HFD + CFE), and high-fat diet fed treated with metformin (HFD + metformin). CFE was orally administered (200 mg/kg body weight) to Groups C + CFE and HFD + CFE rats for 90 days. Renal functional markers such as, urea, uric acid, and creatinine levels in plasma …

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Effects Of Herbal Mixture Extracts On Obesity In Rats Fed A High-Fat Diet, M.-Y. Chien, Y.-H. Ku, J.-M. Chang, C.-M. Yang, C.-H. Chen Jul 2020

Effects Of Herbal Mixture Extracts On Obesity In Rats Fed A High-Fat Diet, M.-Y. Chien, Y.-H. Ku, J.-M. Chang, C.-M. Yang, C.-H. Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the effects of three herbal mixture extracts on obesity induced by high-fat diet (HFD) in rats. The prescriptions—Pericarpium citri reticulatae and Fructus crataegi—were used as matrix components and mixed with Ampelopsis grossedentata, Salvia miltiorrhiza, and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) to form T1, T2, and T3 complexes, respectively. Results revealed that HFD feeding significantly increased body weight gain, fat deposition, plasma lipid profiles, hepatic lipid accumulation, and hepatic vacuoles formation, but decreased plasma levels of adiponectin in rats. Only the T1 complex showed the tendency, although not significantly so, for decreased HFD-induced body …

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Effect Of Shaking Process On Correlations Between Catechins And Volatiles In Oolong Tea, S.-Y. Lin, L.-C. Lo, I.-Z. Chen, P.-A. Chen Jul 2020

Effect Of Shaking Process On Correlations Between Catechins And Volatiles In Oolong Tea, S.-Y. Lin, L.-C. Lo, I.-Z. Chen, P.-A. Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Shaking the tea leaves is the key manipulation to making oolong tea. It contributes to the formation of flavor and fragrance in oolong tea. The dynamic variations of catechins and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during the shaking process were investigated. The results showed that the contents of epicatechin, epigallocatechin, epicatechin gallate (ECG), and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) first decreased after the shaking and then increased to the initial value before the next shaking. Geraniol, linalool and its oxides, and phenylethyl alcohol showed similar variations. The contents of trans-β-ocimene, 1H-indole, and 3-hexenyl hexanoate increased after the second or third shaking (the late …

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Antihyperlipidemic Activity Of Allium Chinense Bulbs, Y.-P. Lin, L.-Y. Lin, H.-Y. Yeh, C.-H. Chuang, S.-W. Tseng, Y.-H. Yen Jul 2020

Antihyperlipidemic Activity Of Allium Chinense Bulbs, Y.-P. Lin, L.-Y. Lin, H.-Y. Yeh, C.-H. Chuang, S.-W. Tseng, Y.-H. Yen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Allium chinense is a medicinal plant and nutritional food commonly used in Eastern Asia. In this study, we investigated the in vitro antioxidant activity (scavenging of α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl free radical, total phenol content, reducing power, and total antioxidant activity) and constituents of various extracts from A. chinense. Moreover, we also studied the in vivo hypolipidemic effects of extracts on high-fat-diet Wistar rats. Ethanol extracts from A. chinense showed notable antioxidant activity, and its high-dose essential-oil extract both significantly reduced serum and hepatic total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein levels and increased serum high-density lipoprotein levels in high-fat-diet Wistar rats compared with …

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Determination Of Naturally Occurring Estrogenic Hormones In Cow's And River Buffalo's Meat By Hplc-Fld Method, Y. Shahbazi, H. Malekinejad, H. Tajik Jul 2020

Determination Of Naturally Occurring Estrogenic Hormones In Cow's And River Buffalo's Meat By Hplc-Fld Method, Y. Shahbazi, H. Malekinejad, H. Tajik

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

This study was performed to measure and compare the levels of steroid hormones [estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), and estriol (E3)] and their conjugated metabolites in cow's and river buffalo's meat in two distinct follicular and luteal phases. Moreover, the possible effect of a heating process on steroid hormone concentration was also investigated. The collected meat (biceps femoris muscle) samples were subjected to liquid extraction, enzymatical deconjugation, and C18 solid-phase extraction. Estrogens were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography equipped with a fluorescence detector. In the follicular phase the levels of steroid hormones (E1 and E2) in either tested species were …

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Rapid Determination Of Trace Level Copper In Tea Infusion Samples By Solid Contact Ion Selective Electrode, A. Birinci, H. Eren, F. Coldur, E. Coskun, M. Andac Jul 2020

Rapid Determination Of Trace Level Copper In Tea Infusion Samples By Solid Contact Ion Selective Electrode, A. Birinci, H. Eren, F. Coldur, E. Coskun, M. Andac

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A new solid contact copper selective electrode with a poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) membrane consisting of o-xylylenebis(N,N-diisobutyldithiocarbamate) as ionophore has been prepared. The main novelties of constructed ion selective electrode concept are the enhanced robustness, cheapness, and fastness due to the use of solid contacts. The electrode exhibits a rapid (< 10 seconds) and near-Nernstian response to Cu2+ activity from 10−1 to 10−6 mol/L at the pH range of 4.0–6.0. No serious interference from common ions was found. The electrode characterizes by high potential stability, reproducibility, and full repeatability. The electrode was used as an indicator electrode in potentiometric titration of Cu(II) ions with EDTA and for the direct assay of tea infusion samples by means of the calibration graph technique. The results compared favorably with those obtained by the atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). © 2016

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Thymol Reduces Oxidative Stress, Aortic Intimal Thickening, And Inflammation-Related Gene Expression In Hyperlipidemic Rabbits, Y.-M. Yu, T.-Y. Chao, W.-C. Chang, M.J. Chang, M.-F. Lee Jul 2020

Thymol Reduces Oxidative Stress, Aortic Intimal Thickening, And Inflammation-Related Gene Expression In Hyperlipidemic Rabbits, Y.-M. Yu, T.-Y. Chao, W.-C. Chang, M.J. Chang, M.-F. Lee

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Atherosclerosis plays a key role in the development of cardiovascular diseases, and is often associated with oxidative stress and local inflammation. Thymol, a major polyphenolic compound in thyme, exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we measured the in vitro antioxidant activity of thymol, and investigated the effect of thymol on high-fat-diet-induced hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. New Zealand white rabbits were fed with regular chow, high-fat and high-cholesterol diet (HC), T3, or T6 (HC with thymol supplementation at 3 mg/kg/d or 6 mg/kg/d, respectively) for 8 weeks. Aortic intimal thickening, serum lipid parameters, multiple inflammatory markers, proinflammatory cytokines, and atherosclerosis-associated …

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Validated High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatographic (Hptlc) Method For Simultaneous Determination Of Nadifloxacin, Mometasone Furoate, And Miconazole Nitrate Cream Using Fractional Factorial Design, K.G. Patel, P.M. Shah, P.A. Shah, T.R. Gandhi Jul 2020

Validated High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatographic (Hptlc) Method For Simultaneous Determination Of Nadifloxacin, Mometasone Furoate, And Miconazole Nitrate Cream Using Fractional Factorial Design, K.G. Patel, P.M. Shah, P.A. Shah, T.R. Gandhi

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A high-performance thin-layer chromatographic method for simultaneous determination of nadifloxacin, mometasone furoate, and miconazole nitrate was developed and validated as per International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. High-performance thin-layer chromatographic separation was performed on aluminum plates precoated with silica gel 60F254 and methanol:ethyl acetate:toluene: acetonitrile:3M ammonium formate in water (1:2.5:6.0:0.3:0.2, % v/v) as optimized mobile phase at detection wavelength of 224 nm. The retardation factor (Rf) values for nadifloxacin, mometasone furoate, and miconazole nitrate were 0.23, 0.70, and 0.59, respectively. Percent recoveries in terms of accuracy for the marketed formulation were found to be 98.35–99.76%, 99.36–99.65%, and 99.16–100.25% for nadifloxacin, mometasone …

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Chemical Composition And Anti-Inflammatory Activities Of Essential Oil From Trachydium Roylei, Y.-T. Wang, L. Zhu, D. Zeng, W. Long, S.-M. Zhu Jul 2020

Chemical Composition And Anti-Inflammatory Activities Of Essential Oil From Trachydium Roylei, Y.-T. Wang, L. Zhu, D. Zeng, W. Long, S.-M. Zhu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Chemical composition, anti-inflammatory activity, and cytotoxicity of essential oils obtained from the aerial parts of Trachydium roylei were investigated in this study. The chemical composition of T. roylei essential oil was analyzed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Fifty-nine components, representing 98.87% of the oils, were characterized. The oils were predominated by aromatic compounds and monoterpene hydrocarbons, and the main components were myristicin (25.35%), β-phellandrene (22.95%), elemicine (7.69%), isoelemicin (5.48%), and cedrol (5.26%). The anti-inflammatory activity of the oil in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine RAW 264.7 cells was evaluated. The oils downregulated the production of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, …

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Essential Oils From Taiwan: Chemical Composition And Antibacterial Activity Against Escherichia Coli, P.-C. Lin, J.J. Lee, I.-J. Chang Jul 2020

Essential Oils From Taiwan: Chemical Composition And Antibacterial Activity Against Escherichia Coli, P.-C. Lin, J.J. Lee, I.-J. Chang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The chemical compositions of seven essential oils from Taiwan were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The eluates were identified by matching the mass fragment patents to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) 08 database. The quantitative analysis showed that the major components of lemon verbena are geranial (26.9%) and neral (23.1%); those of sweet marjoram are γ-terpinene (18.5%), thymol methyl ether (15.5%), and terpinen-4-ol (12.0%); those of clove basil are eugenol (73.6%), and β-(Z)-ocimene (15.4%); those of patchouli are carvacrol (47.5%) and p-cymene (15.2%); those of rosemary are α-pinene (54.8%) and 1,8-cineole (22.2%); those of tea tree are …

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Influence Of Gallic Acid On Α-Amylase And Α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Properties Of Acarbose, G. Oboh, O.B. Ogunsuyi, M.D. Ogunbadejo, S.A. Adefegha Jul 2020

Influence Of Gallic Acid On Α-Amylase And Α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Properties Of Acarbose, G. Oboh, O.B. Ogunsuyi, M.D. Ogunbadejo, S.A. Adefegha

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Acarbose is an antidiabetic drug which acts by inhibiting α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities but with deleterious side effects. Gallic acid (GA) is a phenolic acid that is widespread in plant foods. We therefore investigated the influence of GA on α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory properties of acarbose (in vitro). Aqueous solutions of acarbose and GA were prepared to a final concentration of 25μM each. Thereafter, mixtures of the samples (50% acarbose + 50% GA; 75% acarbose + 25% GA; and 25% acarbose + 75% GA) were prepared. The results revealed that the combination of 50% acarbose and 50% GA showed the …

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Extracts Of Agrimonia Eupatoria L. As Sources Of Biologically Active Compounds And Evaluation Of Their Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, And Antibiofilm Activities, M.Ž. Muruzović, K.G. Mladenović, O.D. Stefanović, S.M. Vasić, L.R. Čomić Jul 2020

Extracts Of Agrimonia Eupatoria L. As Sources Of Biologically Active Compounds And Evaluation Of Their Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, And Antibiofilm Activities, M.Ž. Muruzović, K.G. Mladenović, O.D. Stefanović, S.M. Vasić, L.R. Čomić

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

In this study, we determined the concentration of total phenols, flavonoids, tannins, and proanthocyanidins in the water, diethyl ether, acetone, and ethanol extracts of Agrimonia eupatoria L. We also investigated the antioxidant activity of these extracts using two methods [2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and reducing power] and their in vitro antimicrobial (antibacterial and antifungal) activity on some selected species of bacteria and fungi. In addition, the effects of the acetone and water extracts on the inhibition of biofilm formation of Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were investigated using the crystal violet method. The concentration of total phenols was measured according to the …

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Fungal Flora And Aflatoxin Contamination In Pakistani Wheat Kernels (Triticum Aestivum L.) And Their Attribution In Seed Germination, M.A. Asghar, A. Ahmed, J. Iqbal, E. Zahir, H. Nauman Jul 2020

Fungal Flora And Aflatoxin Contamination In Pakistani Wheat Kernels (Triticum Aestivum L.) And Their Attribution In Seed Germination, M.A. Asghar, A. Ahmed, J. Iqbal, E. Zahir, H. Nauman

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

This study aimed to isolate fungal pathogens and to subsequently quantify aflatoxin (AF; B1 + B2 + G1 + G2) contamination in wheat crops grown in Pakistan. Accordingly, a total of 185 wheat samples were collected from different areas of Pakistan and numerous potent fungal pathogens were isolated. AF contamination attributed to the presence of intoxicating fungal pathogens and resulting metabolic activities were quantified using a high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detector coupled with postcolumn derivatization. Additionally, the effect of fungal pathogens on seed germination was also examined. The results obtained showed that 50% of tested wheat samples were found to …

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Tumor Cell Culture On Collagen–Chitosan Scaffolds As Three-Dimensional Tumor Model: A Suitable Model For Tumor Studies, A. Mahmoudzadeh, H. Mohammadpour Jul 2020

Tumor Cell Culture On Collagen–Chitosan Scaffolds As Three-Dimensional Tumor Model: A Suitable Model For Tumor Studies, A. Mahmoudzadeh, H. Mohammadpour

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Tumor cells naturally live in three-dimensional (3D) microenvironments, while common laboratory tests and evaluations are done in two-dimensional (2D) plates. This study examined the impact of cultured 4T1 cancer cells in a 3D collagen–chitosan scaffold compared with 2D plate cultures. Collagen–chitosan scaffolds were provided and passed confirmatory tests. 4T1 tumor cells were cultured on scaffolds and then tumor cells growth rate, resistance to X-ray radiation, and cyclophosphamide as a chemotherapy drug were analyzed. Furthermore, 4T1 cells were extracted from the scaffold model and were injected into the mice. Tumor growth rate, survival rate, and systemic immune responses were evaluated. Our …

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Assessment Of The Key Aroma Compounds In Rose-Based Products, C.-Y. Zhao, J. Xue, X.-D. Cai, J. Guo, B. Li, S. Wu Jul 2020

Assessment Of The Key Aroma Compounds In Rose-Based Products, C.-Y. Zhao, J. Xue, X.-D. Cai, J. Guo, B. Li, S. Wu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

In this study, headspace solid phase microextraction–gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and GC-olfactometry were used to analyze the key aroma compounds in three types of rose-based products, including low-temperature extracts (LTEs), high-temperature extracts (HTEs), and rose drinks (RDs). In combination with the Guadagni theory, it was confirmed that the key aroma components of LTE were β-phenyl ethyl alcohol, citronellol, geraniol, and eugenol. The main aroma compounds in HTE were β-phenyl ethyl alcohol, citronellol, geraniol, eugenol, linalool, and rose oxide. The four key aroma compounds in RDs were β-phenyl ethyl alcohol, eugenol, geraniol, and linalool. © 2016

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Hepatoprotective And Antidiabetic Effects Of Pistacia Lentiscus Leaf And Fruit Extracts, C. Mehenni, D. Atmani-Kilani, S. Dumarçay, D. Perrin, P. Gérardin, D. Atmani Jul 2020

Hepatoprotective And Antidiabetic Effects Of Pistacia Lentiscus Leaf And Fruit Extracts, C. Mehenni, D. Atmani-Kilani, S. Dumarçay, D. Perrin, P. Gérardin, D. Atmani

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Pistacia lentiscus (Anacardiaceae) is commonly used in folk medicine to treat various diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of extracts of P. lentiscus leaves (PL) and fruits (PF) against experimentally induced liver damage. Furthermore, characterization of extracts was attempted by a spectroscopic methodology (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) and high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection analysis. A hepatoprotective potential against paracetamol [165 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)] toxicity was noticed in mice pretreated with the same dose of PL or PF extract (125 mg/kg b.w.) or a combination of both (PL/PF 63/63 …

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Effects Of Electrode Gap And Electric Potential On Chlorine Generation Of Electrolyzed Deep Ocean Water, G.-S.W. Hsu, S.-Y. Hsu Jul 2020

Effects Of Electrode Gap And Electric Potential On Chlorine Generation Of Electrolyzed Deep Ocean Water, G.-S.W. Hsu, S.-Y. Hsu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Electrolyzed water is a sustainable disinfectant, which can comply with food safety regulations and is environmentally friendly. A two-factor central composite design was adopted for studying the effects of electrode gap and electric potential on chlorine generation efficiency of electrolyzed deep ocean water. Deep ocean water was electrolyzed in a glass electrolyzing cell equipped with platinum-plated titanium anode and cathode. Results showed high electric efficiency at a low cell potential, and a high current density and high chlorine concentration at a high cell potential and low electrode gap. Current efficiency of the system was not significantly affected by electrode gap …

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