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Articles 841 - 870 of 2094

Full-Text Articles in Toxicology

Impact Of Chitosan Composites And Chitosan Nanoparticle Composites On Various Drug Delivery Systems: A Review, M.A. Elgadir, M.S. Uddin, S. Ferdosh, A. Adam, A.J.K. Chowdhury, M.Z.I. Sarker Jul 2020

Impact Of Chitosan Composites And Chitosan Nanoparticle Composites On Various Drug Delivery Systems: A Review, M.A. Elgadir, M.S. Uddin, S. Ferdosh, A. Adam, A.J.K. Chowdhury, M.Z.I. Sarker

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Chitosan is a promising biopolymer for drug delivery systems. Because of its beneficial properties, chitosan is widely used in biomedical and pharmaceutical fields. In this review, we summarize the physicochemical and drug delivery properties of chitosan, selected studies on utilization of chitosan and chitosan-based nanoparticle composites in various drug delivery systems, and selected studies on the application of chitosan films in both drug delivery and wound healing. Chitosan is considered the most important polysaccharide for various drug delivery purposes because of its cationic character and primary amino groups, which are responsible for its many properties such as mucoadhesion, controlled drug …

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Separation And Speciation Analysis Of Zinc From Flammulina Velutipes, F. Liu, F. Pei, A.M. Mariga, L. Gao, G. Chen, L. Zhao Jul 2020

Separation And Speciation Analysis Of Zinc From Flammulina Velutipes, F. Liu, F. Pei, A.M. Mariga, L. Gao, G. Chen, L. Zhao

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Orthogonal experiment was applied to optimize the water extraction parameters of zinc from Flammulina velutipes, and then the extracts were separated by membrane filter (0.45 μm) and D101 macroporous resin. Six different species of Zn were obtained and the Zn content of various species were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The optimized conditions for the extraction of Zn were: ratio of dried material to water, 1:30; extraction temperature, 75°C; extraction time, 120 minutes. About 34.43 μg Zn was extracted from 1 g dried F. velutipes powder under the optimal conditions. The recovery value for Zn was 96.5% with a …

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Oxidant Stress Evoked Damage In Rat Hepatocyte Leading To Triggered Nitric Oxide Synthase (Nos) Levels On Long Term Consumption Of Aspartame, I. Ashok, R. Sheeladevi Jul 2020

Oxidant Stress Evoked Damage In Rat Hepatocyte Leading To Triggered Nitric Oxide Synthase (Nos) Levels On Long Term Consumption Of Aspartame, I. Ashok, R. Sheeladevi

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

This study investigates how long-term (40 mg/kg b.wt) consumption of aspartame can alter the antioxidant status, stress pathway genes, and apoptotic changes in the liver of Wistar albino rats. Numerous controversial reports are available on the use of aspartame as it releases methanol as one of its metabolites during metabolism. To mimic the human methanol metabolism the methotrexate treated rats were included to study the aspartame effects. The aspartame treated methotrexate (MTX animals showed a marked significant increase in the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), lipid peroxidation (LPO), and Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in the liver from control and MTX …

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Quercetin Uptake And Metabolism By Murine Peritoneal Macrophages In Vitro, C.-J. Liu, Y.-R. Liao, J.-Y. Lin Jul 2020

Quercetin Uptake And Metabolism By Murine Peritoneal Macrophages In Vitro, C.-J. Liu, Y.-R. Liao, J.-Y. Lin

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Quercetin (Q), a bioflavonoid ubiquitously distributed in vegetables, fruits, leaves, and grains, can be absorbed, transported, and excreted after oral intake. However, little is known about Q uptake and metabolism by macrophages. To clarify the puzzle, Q at its noncytotoxic concentration (44μM) was incubated without or with mouse peritoneal macrophages for different time periods. Medium alone, extracellular, and intracellular fluids of macrophages were collected to detect changes in Q and its possible metabolites using high-performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that Q was unstable and easily oxidized in either the absence or the presence of macrophages. The remaining Q and …

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Evaluation Of Iron-Binding Activity Of Collagen Peptides Prepared From The Scales Of Four Cultivated Fishes In Taiwan, C.-Y. Huang, C.-H. Wu, J.-I. Yang, Y.-H. Li, J.-M. Kuo Jul 2020

Evaluation Of Iron-Binding Activity Of Collagen Peptides Prepared From The Scales Of Four Cultivated Fishes In Taiwan, C.-Y. Huang, C.-H. Wu, J.-I. Yang, Y.-H. Li, J.-M. Kuo

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Iron deficiency is one of the most concerning deficiency problems in the world. It may generate several adverse effects such as iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and reduced physical and intellectual working capacity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the Fe(II)-binding activity of collagen peptides from fishery by-products. Lates calcarifer, Mugil cephalus, Chanos chanos, and Oreochromis spp are four major cultivated fishes in Taiwan; thousands of scales of these fish are wasted without valuable utilization. In this study, scales of these fish were hydrolyzed by papain plus flavourzyme. Collagen peptides were obtained and compared for their Fe(II)-binding activity. Collagen …

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Effects Of Blending Wheatgrass Juice On Enhancing Phenolic Compounds And Antioxidant Activities Of Traditional Kombucha Beverage, T.-Y. Sun, J.-S. Li, C. Chen Jul 2020

Effects Of Blending Wheatgrass Juice On Enhancing Phenolic Compounds And Antioxidant Activities Of Traditional Kombucha Beverage, T.-Y. Sun, J.-S. Li, C. Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Traditional kombucha is a fermented black tea extract and sugar. Sweetened black tea (10% w/v) and wheatgrass juice (WGJ) were mixed in various ratios and used as fermentation substrate for enhancing phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. Starter, comprising of yeast (Dekkera bruxellensis) and acetic acid bacteria (Gluconacetobacter rhaeticus and Gluconobacter roseus), was inoculated at 20% (v/v), and fermented statically at 29 ± 1°C for 12 days. The results showed that the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity of the modified kombucha were higher than those of traditional preparations. All WGJ-blended kombucha preparations were characterized as having higher concentrations …

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Degradation Of Histamine By Bacillus Polymyxa Isolated From Salted Fish Products, Y.-C. Lee, C.-S. Lin, F.-L. Liu, T.-C. Huang, Y.-H. Tsai Jul 2020

Degradation Of Histamine By Bacillus Polymyxa Isolated From Salted Fish Products, Y.-C. Lee, C.-S. Lin, F.-L. Liu, T.-C. Huang, Y.-H. Tsai

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Histamine is the causative agent of scombroid poisoning, a foodborne chemical hazard. Histamine is degraded by the oxidative deamination activity of certain microorganisms. In this study, eight histamine-degrading bacteria isolated from salted fish products were identified as Rummeliibacillus stabekisii (1 isolate), Agrobacterium tumefaciens (1 isolate), Bacillus cereus (2 isolates), Bacillus polymyxa (1 isolate), Bacillus licheniformis (1 isolate), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (1 isolate), and Bacillus subtilis (1 isolate). Among them, B. polymyxa exhibited the highest activity in degrading histamine than the other isolates. The ranges of temperature, pH, and salt concentration for growth and histamine degradation of B. polymyxa were 25-37°C, pH …

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Camel Milk As A Potential Therapy For Controlling Diabetes And Its Complications: A Review Of In Vivo Studies, A.B. Shori Jul 2020

Camel Milk As A Potential Therapy For Controlling Diabetes And Its Complications: A Review Of In Vivo Studies, A.B. Shori

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Diabetes is a condition in which there is an elevation of blood glucose. Insulin, which is produced by the pancreas, is an important hormone needed by the body because it enables glucose to be transported into cells. Under the diabetic condition, the cells may not respond properly to insulin or the body does not produce a sufficient amount of insulin, or both. This situation will cause glucose accumulation in the blood that leads to major complications. Oral insulin therapy has been used for many years; however, coagulation in an acidic environment decreases the efficacy of insulin by neutralizing its actions. …

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Determination Of Cholesterol And Four Phytosterols In Foods Without Derivatization By Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Y.-Z. Chen, S.-Y. Kao, H.-C. Jian, Y.-M. Yu, J.-Y. Li, W.-H. Wang, C.-W. Tsai Jul 2020

Determination Of Cholesterol And Four Phytosterols In Foods Without Derivatization By Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Y.-Z. Chen, S.-Y. Kao, H.-C. Jian, Y.-M. Yu, J.-Y. Li, W.-H. Wang, C.-W. Tsai

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

In this study, a method for determination of cholesterol and four phytosterols by gas chromatography coupled with electron impact ionization mode-tandem mass spectrometry without derivatization in general food was developed. The sample was saponified with 7.5% KOH in methanol. After heating on hot plate and reflux for 60 minutes, the saponified portion was extracted with n-hexane/petroleum ether (50:50, v/v). The extracts were evaporated with rotary evaporator and then redissolved with tetrahydrofuran. The tetrahydrofuran layer was transferred into an injection vial and analyzed by gas chromatography on a 30 m VF-5 column. Limit of quantification was 2 mg/kg. Recoveries of cholesterol …

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Nutritional And Nutraceutical Characteristics Of Sageretia Theezans Fruit, T.K. Hyun, S.C. Song, C.-K. Song, J.-S. Kim Jul 2020

Nutritional And Nutraceutical Characteristics Of Sageretia Theezans Fruit, T.K. Hyun, S.C. Song, C.-K. Song, J.-S. Kim

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The fruit of Sageretia theezans is one of many underutilized edible fruits that grow along the southern seashores of East Asia. In this study, to evaluate the nutritional and nutraceutical values of S. theezans fruit, the composition of minerals, organic acids, and proximate and fatty acids, the total phenolic, total flavonoid, and total anthocyanin content, and the antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of S. theezans fruit were analyzed. The results indicate that S. theezans fruit could be classified as a potential potassium-, malic acid-, and linoleic/oleic acid-rich fruit. In addition, The ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction of the 70% ethanol (EtOH) crude …

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Recent Trends In Specialty Pharma Business Model, M.S. Ku Jul 2020

Recent Trends In Specialty Pharma Business Model, M.S. Ku

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The recent rise of specialty pharma is attributed to its flexible, versatile, and open business model while the traditional big pharma is facing a challenging time with patent cliff, generic threat, and low research and development (R&D) productivity. These multinational pharmaceutical companies, facing a difficult time, have been systematically externalizing R&D and some even establish their own corporate venture capital so as to diversify with more shots on goal, with the hope of achieving a higher success rate in their compound pipeline. Biologics and clinical Phase II proof-of-concept (POC) compounds are the preferred licensing and collaboration targets. Biologics enjoys a …

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Identification Of Biosynthetic Intermediates Of Teaghrelins And Teaghrelin-Like Compounds In Oolong Teas, And Their Molecular Docking To The Ghrelin Receptor, S.-K. Hsieh, Y.-H. Lo, C.-C. Wu, T.-Y. Chung, J.T.C. Tzen Jul 2020

Identification Of Biosynthetic Intermediates Of Teaghrelins And Teaghrelin-Like Compounds In Oolong Teas, And Their Molecular Docking To The Ghrelin Receptor, S.-K. Hsieh, Y.-H. Lo, C.-C. Wu, T.-Y. Chung, J.T.C. Tzen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Teaghrelins are unique acylated flavonoid tetraglycosides found in Chin-shin oolong tea, and have been demonstrated to be promising oral ghrelin analogues. The biosynthetic pathway of teaghrelins from quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (rutin) or kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (nicotiflorin) was proposed to comprise three enzymatic steps according to the identification of putative intermediates in Chin-shin oolong tea. In addition to the two known teaghrelins in Chin-shin oolong tea, four teaghrelin-like compounds with different attachments of glycosides were identified in various oolong teas. Molecular modeling and docking were used to evaluate theoretically whether the putative biosynthetic intermediates of teaghrelins and the four teaghrelin-like compounds could be potential candidates …

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A Rapid And Sensitive Spectrophotometric Method For The Determination Of Benzoyl Peroxide In Wheat Flour Samples, K. Ponhong, S.-A. Supharoek, W. Siriangkhawut, K. Grudpan Jul 2020

A Rapid And Sensitive Spectrophotometric Method For The Determination Of Benzoyl Peroxide In Wheat Flour Samples, K. Ponhong, S.-A. Supharoek, W. Siriangkhawut, K. Grudpan

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A simple, rapid, and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of benzoyl peroxide (BPO) in wheat flour samples was developed. The detection principle is based on BPO reacted with 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) to obtain a blue-green colored product that was detected at 415 nm by spectrophotometry. The effect of factors influencing the color reaction was investigated. Under the selected conditions, the linear range for quantification of BPO was observed between 0.2-1.0 mg L-1 with r2 = 0.998. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.025 mg L-1. The developed method obtained superior precision (relative standard deviation < 2%) using 11 repeatability at 0.2 mg L-1, 0.6 mg L-1, and 0.8 mg L-1. The proposed methodology was successfully applied to determine BPO in wheat flour samples. © 2015, Food and Drug Administration, Taiwan. Published by Elsevier Taiwan LLC.

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Method Development And Validation For The High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Assay Of Gastrodin In Water Extracts From Different Sources Of Gastrodia Elata Blume, W.-C. Chen, Y.-S. Lai, K.-H. Lu, S.-H. Lin, L.-Y. Liao, C.-T. Ho, L.-Y. Sheen Jul 2020

Method Development And Validation For The High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Assay Of Gastrodin In Water Extracts From Different Sources Of Gastrodia Elata Blume, W.-C. Chen, Y.-S. Lai, K.-H. Lu, S.-H. Lin, L.-Y. Liao, C.-T. Ho, L.-Y. Sheen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Gastrodia elata Blume is commonly used as a medical herb in China for ameliorating headaches, dizziness, and convulsions. In previous studies, water extracts of G. elata Bl. (WGE) have demonstrated potential to act as therapeutic agents to improve depression-like symptoms in rats. As gastrodin (GAS) is a major active compound in WGE, its quantitation in WGE is important for quality control. The objective of this study was to develop an optimized and validated reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method for the analysis of GAS in different sources of WGE. We evaluated the GAS content in varieties of G. elata Bl. including …

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Effect Of High-Pressure Homogenization Preparation On Mean Globule Size And Large-Diameter Tail Of Oil-In-Water Injectable Emulsions, J. Peng, W.-J. Dong, L. Li, J.-M. Xu, D.-J. Jin, X.-J. Xia, Y.-L. Liu Jul 2020

Effect Of High-Pressure Homogenization Preparation On Mean Globule Size And Large-Diameter Tail Of Oil-In-Water Injectable Emulsions, J. Peng, W.-J. Dong, L. Li, J.-M. Xu, D.-J. Jin, X.-J. Xia, Y.-L. Liu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The effect of different high pressure homogenization energy input parameters on mean diameter droplet size (MDS) and droplets with > 5 μm of lipid injectable emulsions were evaluated. All emulsions were prepared at different water bath temperatures or at different rotation speeds and rotor-stator system times, and using different homogenization pressures and numbers of high-pressure system recirculations. The MDS and polydispersity index (PI) value of the emulsions were determined using the dynamic light scattering (DLS) method, and large-diameter tail assessments were performed using the light-obscuration/single particle optical sensing (LO/SPOS) method. Using 1000 bar homogenization pressure and seven recirculations, the energy input …

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Effects Of Red Mold Dioscorea With Pioglitazone, A Potentially Functional Food, In The Treatment Of Diabetes, C.-L. Chen, T.-M. Pan Jul 2020

Effects Of Red Mold Dioscorea With Pioglitazone, A Potentially Functional Food, In The Treatment Of Diabetes, C.-L. Chen, T.-M. Pan

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasing rapidly, and its treatment with pioglitazone is likely to induce rhabdomyolysis. We aimed to determine the effect of cotreatment with pioglitazone and red mold dioscorea (RMD) produced by Monascus purpureus NTU 568 on pancreas function in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. In diabetic rats fed RMD, RMD with pioglitazone, and pioglitazone alone, insulin concentrations increased significantly by 18.6-40.4%, 64.0-100.0%, and 52.8%, respectively, compared with that in the diabetic group (p < 0.05). Oral glucose tolerance was impaired in the STZ-induced diabetic group within 4 weeks, however, oral glucose tolerance in rats treated with RMD or RMD with pioglitazone improved after 4 weeks, 6 weeks, and 8 weeks. Findings from this study might lend support to the use of RMD as a novel functional food for the prevention of diabetes. © 2015, Food and Drug Administration, Taiwan. Published by Elsevier Taiwan LLC.

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Determination Of Oligosaccharides And Monosaccharides In Hakka Rice Wine By Precolumn Derivation High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, W. Bai, X. Fang, W. Zhao, S. Huang, H. Zhang, M. Qian Jul 2020

Determination Of Oligosaccharides And Monosaccharides In Hakka Rice Wine By Precolumn Derivation High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, W. Bai, X. Fang, W. Zhao, S. Huang, H. Zhang, M. Qian

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

This article presents a precolumn derivatization procedure with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) reagent to detect oligosaccharides and monosaccharides in Hakka rice wine. The subsequent separation of the derivatized glucose-PMP also was performed using a mobile phase consisting of the molar ratio of acetonitrile to ammonium acetate buffer (0.1M) of 22:78 at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min with the column temperature of 35°C, and the pH of ammonium acetate buffer at 5.5. The optimum derivation conditions were as follows: reaction temperature, 70°C; reaction time, 30 minutes; molar ratio of PMP to glucose, 10:1 (v/v); molar ratio of sodium hydroxide to glucose, 3:1 …

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Antifungal And Antioxidant Activities Of Organic And Aqueous Extracts Of Annona Squamosa Linn. Leaves, N. Kalidindi, N.V. Thimmaiah, N.V. Jagadeesh, R. Nandeep, S. Swetha, B. Kalidindi Jul 2020

Antifungal And Antioxidant Activities Of Organic And Aqueous Extracts Of Annona Squamosa Linn. Leaves, N. Kalidindi, N.V. Thimmaiah, N.V. Jagadeesh, R. Nandeep, S. Swetha, B. Kalidindi

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

An increasing demand for natural additives has shifted the attention from synthetic to natural antioxidants and antifungal agents. This study was carried out to evaluate the antifungal and antioxidant activities of methanol, chloroform, and aqueous extracts of Annona squamosa Linn. leaves. The antifungal activities of all extracts of A. squamosa leaves against five different strains of fungi (Alternaria alternata, Candida albicans, Fusarium solani, Microsporum canis, and Aspergillus Niger) were evaluated by the agar well diffusion method and the minimum inhibitory concentration of each extract was assessed by antifungal susceptibility using the broth microdilution method. The antioxidant potential of each extract …

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Antioxidant Activity And Growth Inhibition Of Human Colon Cancer Cells By Crude And Purified Fucoidan Preparations Extracted From Sargassum Cristaefolium, C.-Y. Wang, T.-C. Wu, S.-L. Hsieh, Y.-H. Tsai, C.-W. Yeh, C.-Y. Huang Jul 2020

Antioxidant Activity And Growth Inhibition Of Human Colon Cancer Cells By Crude And Purified Fucoidan Preparations Extracted From Sargassum Cristaefolium, C.-Y. Wang, T.-C. Wu, S.-L. Hsieh, Y.-H. Tsai, C.-W. Yeh, C.-Y. Huang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides, also termed "fucoidans", which are known to possess antioxidant, anticoagulant, anticancer, antiviral, and immunomodulating properties, are normally isolated from brown algae via various extraction techniques. In the present study, two methods (SC1 and SC2) for isolation of fucoidan from Sargassum cristaefolium were compared, with regard to the extraction yields, antioxidant activity, and inhibition of growth of human colon cancer cells exhibited by the respective extracts. SC1 and SC2 differ in the number of extraction steps and concentration of ethanol used, as well as the obtained sulfated polysaccharide extracts, namely, crude fucoidan preparation (CFP) and purified fucoidan preparation …

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Antioxidation, Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibition Activity, Nattokinase, And Antihypertension Of Bacillus Subtilis (Natto)-Fermented Pigeon Pea, B.-H. Lee, Y.-S. Lai, S.-C. Wu Jul 2020

Antioxidation, Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibition Activity, Nattokinase, And Antihypertension Of Bacillus Subtilis (Natto)-Fermented Pigeon Pea, B.-H. Lee, Y.-S. Lai, S.-C. Wu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Because of the high incidence of cardiovascular diseases in Asian countries, traditional fermented foods from Asia have been increasingly investigated for antiatherosclerotic effects. This study investigated the production of nattokinase, a serine fibrinolytic enzyme, in pigeon pea by Bacillus subtilis fermentation. B. subtilis 14714, B. subtilis 14715, B. subtilis 14716, and B. subtilis 14718 were employed to produce nattokinase. The highest nattokinase activity in pigeon pea was obtained using B. subtilis 14715 fermentation for 32 hours. In addition, the levels of antioxidants (phenolics and flavonoids) and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activity were increased in B. subtilis 14715-fermented pigeon pea, compared …

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Chemical Material Basis Study Of Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction By Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled With Quadrupole Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry, L. Zhang, Z. Jiang, J. Yang, Y. Li, Y. Wang, X. Chai Jul 2020

Chemical Material Basis Study Of Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction By Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled With Quadrupole Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry, L. Zhang, Z. Jiang, J. Yang, Y. Li, Y. Wang, X. Chai

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Xuefu Zhuyu decoction, a classic prescription in traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used in the clinical treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. In order to profile the chemical material basis of this formula, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Q/TOF MS) method has been established for rapid separation and structural characterization of compounds in the decoction. As a result, 103 compounds including phenolic acids, spermidines, C-glycosyl quinochalcones, terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, and others were detected; 35 of them were unambiguously identified, and 68 were tentatively characterized by comparing the retention time, MS data, characteristic MS …

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Food Suppliers' Perceptions And Practical Implementation Of Food Safety Regulations In Taiwan, W.-H. Ko Jul 2020

Food Suppliers' Perceptions And Practical Implementation Of Food Safety Regulations In Taiwan, W.-H. Ko

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The relationships between the perceptions and practical implementation of food safety regulations by food suppliers in Taiwan were evaluated. A questionnaire survey was used to identify individuals who were full-time employees of the food supply industry with at least 3 months of experience. Dimensions of perceptions of food safety regulations were classified using the constructs of attitude of employees and corporate concern attitude for food safety regulation. The behavior dimension was classified into employee behavior and corporate practice. Food suppliers with training in food safety were significantly better than those without training with respect to the constructs of perception dimension …

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Flavone Glycosides From Commercially Available Lophatheri Herba And Their Chromatographic Fingerprinting And Quantitation, J.-S. Fan, I.-J. Lee, Y.-L. Lin Jul 2020

Flavone Glycosides From Commercially Available Lophatheri Herba And Their Chromatographic Fingerprinting And Quantitation, J.-S. Fan, I.-J. Lee, Y.-L. Lin

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Lophatheri Herba (Danzhuye; LH), the dried leaves of Lophatherum gracile Brongn (Poaceae), is commonly used in Chinese herbal medicine as an antipyretic, antibacterial, and diuretic. Chemical analysis has been conducted to isolate and identify seven major flavonoid glycosides, including a new flavone C-glycoside, luteolin 6-C-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), isoorientin (2), swertiajaponin (3), luteolin 6-C-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranoside (4), isovitexin (5), swertisin (6), luteolin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), and luteolin 6-C-α-L-arabinopyranoside (8), from commercially available LHs in Taiwan. The structure of the new compound (1), the maximum component, was determined by extensive one- (1D-) and two-dimensional (2D-) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and MS spectral analyses. The 1H and …

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Is It Possible To Rapidly And Noninvasively Identify Different Plants From Asteraceae Using Electronic Nose With Multiple Mathematical Algorithms?, H.-Q. Zou, G. Lu, Y. Liu, R. Bauer, O. Tao, J.-T. Gong, L.-Y. Zhao, J.-H. Li, Z.-Y. Ren, Y.-H. Yan Jul 2020

Is It Possible To Rapidly And Noninvasively Identify Different Plants From Asteraceae Using Electronic Nose With Multiple Mathematical Algorithms?, H.-Q. Zou, G. Lu, Y. Liu, R. Bauer, O. Tao, J.-T. Gong, L.-Y. Zhao, J.-H. Li, Z.-Y. Ren, Y.-H. Yan

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Many plants originating from the Asteraceae family are applied as herbal medicines and also beverage ingredients in Asian areas, particularly in China. However, they may be confused due to their similar odor, especially when ground into powder, losing their typical macroscopic characteristics. In this paper, 11 different multiple mathematical algorithms, which are commonly used in data processing, were utilized and compared to analyze the electronic nose (E-nose) response signals of different plants from Asteraceae family. Results demonstrate that three-dimensional plot scatter figure of principal component analysis with less extracted components could offer the identification results more visually; simultaneously, all nine …

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Red Algae (Gelidium Amansii) Reduces Adiposity Via Activation Of Lipolysis In Rats With Diabetes Induced By Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide, T.-H. Yang, H.-T. Yao, M.-T. Chiang Jul 2020

Red Algae (Gelidium Amansii) Reduces Adiposity Via Activation Of Lipolysis In Rats With Diabetes Induced By Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide, T.-H. Yang, H.-T. Yao, M.-T. Chiang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Gelidium amansii (GA) is an edible red algae that is distributed mainly in northeastern Taiwan. This study was designed to investigate the effects of GA on plasma glucose, lipids, and adipocytokines in rats with streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetes. Rats were divided into four groups: (1) rats without diabetes fed a high-fat diet (control group); (2) rats with diabetes fed a high-fat diet; (3) rats with diabetes fed a high-fat diet with thiazolidinedione in the diet; and (4) rats with diabetes fed a high-fat diet and GA. The experimental diet and drinking water were available ad libitum for 11 weeks. After the 11-week …

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Effects Of Process Conditions On Chlorine Generation And Storage Stability Of Electrolyzed Deep Ocean Water, G.-S.W. Hsu, C.-W. Hsia, S.-Y. Hsu Jul 2020

Effects Of Process Conditions On Chlorine Generation And Storage Stability Of Electrolyzed Deep Ocean Water, G.-S.W. Hsu, C.-W. Hsia, S.-Y. Hsu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Electrolyzed water is a sustainable disinfectant, which can comply with food safety regulations and is environmentally friendly. We investigated the effects of platinum plating of electrode, electrode size, cell potential, and additional stirring on electrolysis properties of deep ocean water (DOW) and DOW concentration products. We also studied the relationships between quality properties of electrolyzed DOW and their storage stability. Results indicated that concentrating DOW to 1.7 times increased chlorine level in the electrolyzed DOW without affecting electric and current efficiencies of the electrolysis process. Increasing magnesium and potassium levels in DOW decreased chlorine level in the electrolyzed DOW as …

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Effects Of Electrode Settings On Chlorine Generation Efficiency Of Electrolyzing Seawater, G.-S.W. Hsu, C.-W. Hsia, S.-Y. Hsu Jul 2020

Effects Of Electrode Settings On Chlorine Generation Efficiency Of Electrolyzing Seawater, G.-S.W. Hsu, C.-W. Hsia, S.-Y. Hsu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Electrolyzed water has significant disinfection effects, can comply with food safety regulations, and is environmental friendly. We investigated the effects of immersion depth of electrodes, stirring, electrode size, and electrode gap on the properties and chlorine generation efficiency of electrolyzing seawater and its storage stability. Results indicated that temperature and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) of the seawater increased gradually, whereas electrical conductivity decreased steadily in electrolysis. During the electrolysis process, pH values and electric currents also decreased slightly within small ranges. Additional stirring or immersing the electrodes deep under the seawater significantly increased current density without affecting its electric efficiency and …

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Optimization Of Ultrasonic Extraction By Response Surface Methodology Combined With Ultrafast Liquid Chromatography-Ultraviolet Method For Determination Of Four Iridoids In Gentiana Rigescens, Y. Pan, J. Zhang, T. Shen, Z.-T. Zuo, H. Jin, Y.-Z. Wang, W.-Y. Li Jul 2020

Optimization Of Ultrasonic Extraction By Response Surface Methodology Combined With Ultrafast Liquid Chromatography-Ultraviolet Method For Determination Of Four Iridoids In Gentiana Rigescens, Y. Pan, J. Zhang, T. Shen, Z.-T. Zuo, H. Jin, Y.-Z. Wang, W.-Y. Li

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Gentiana rigescens is a rich source of iridoids and is commonly used as a folk medicine for treatment of hepatitis and cholecystitis for over 1000 years. A rapid ultrafast liquid chromatography–ultraviolet method was developed for simultaneous determination of four major iridoid glycosides in G. rigescens. Response surface methodology based on the Box–Behnken design was applied to optimize the extraction conditions of iridoid glycosides. Using the Shim-Pack XR-ODS III, four iridoid glycosides were efficiently separated with an acetonitrile:0.1% formic acid aqueous solution gradient at a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min for 8 minutes. All the regression equations revealed a good linear …

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New Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method For The Determination Of Irbesartan In Human Plasma, T.A. Wani, S. Zargar Jul 2020

New Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method For The Determination Of Irbesartan In Human Plasma, T.A. Wani, S. Zargar

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

With the objective of reducing analysis time and maintaining good efficiency, there has been substantial focus on high-speed chromatographic separations and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) is a preeminent analytical tool for rapid biomedical analysis. In this study a simple, rapid, sensitive, and specific ultra-performance liquid chromatography-MS/MS method was developed and validated for quantification of the angiotensin II receptor antagonist, irbesartan (IRB), in human plasma. After a simple protein precipitation using methanol and acetonitrile, IRB and internal standard (IS) telmisartan were separated on Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (50 mm × 2.1 mm, i.d. 1.7 μm, Waters, Milford, MA, …

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Determination Of 20 Synthetic Dyes In Chili Powders And Syrup-Preserved Fruits By Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry, C.-F. Tsai, C.-H. Kuo, D.Y.-C. Shih Jul 2020

Determination Of 20 Synthetic Dyes In Chili Powders And Syrup-Preserved Fruits By Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry, C.-F. Tsai, C.-H. Kuo, D.Y.-C. Shih

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method is developed to simultaneously determine 20 synthetic dyes (New Coccine, Indigo Carmine, Erythrosine, Tartrazine, Sunset Yellow FCF, Fast Green FCF, Brilliant Blue FCF, Allura Red AC, Amaranth, Dimethyl Yellow, Fast Garnet GBC, Para Red, Sudan I, Sudan II, Sudan III, Sudan IV, Sudan Orange G, Sudan Red 7B, Sudan Red B, and Sudan Red G) in food samples. This method offers high sensitivity and selectivity through the selection of two fragment ion transitions under multiple reaction monitoring mode to satisfy the requirements of both quantitation and qualitation. Using LC-MS/MS, the newly developed extraction …

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