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Articles 781 - 810 of 2094

Full-Text Articles in Toxicology

Formulation And Evaluation Of Controlled-Release Of Telmisartan Microspheres: In Vitro/In Vivo Study, P.K. Gaur, S. Mishra, M. Bajpai Jul 2020

Formulation And Evaluation Of Controlled-Release Of Telmisartan Microspheres: In Vitro/In Vivo Study, P.K. Gaur, S. Mishra, M. Bajpai

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The aim of this work was to design a controlled-release drug-delivery system for the angiotensin-II receptor antagonist drug telmisartan. Telmisartan was encapsulated with different EUDRAGIT polymers by an emulsion solvent evaporation technique and the physicochemical properties of the formulations were characterized. Using a solvent evaporation method, white spherical microspheres with particle sizes of 629.9-792.1 μm were produced. The in vitro drug release was studied in three different pH media (pH 1.2 for 2 hours, pH 6.8 for 4 hours, and pH 7.4 for 18 hours). The formulations were then evaluated for their pharmacokinetic parameters. The entrapment efficiency of these microspheres …

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Electrochemistry And Determination Of Cefdinir By Voltammetric And Computational Approaches, I.H. Taşdemir Jul 2020

Electrochemistry And Determination Of Cefdinir By Voltammetric And Computational Approaches, I.H. Taşdemir

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The oxidation and reduction behavior of cefdinir (CEF) was studied by experimental methods and computational calculations at B3LYP/6-31+G (d)//AM1. Voltammetric studies were carried out based on two irreversible reduction peaks at approximately -0.5 and -1.2 V on a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) and on one irreversible oxidation peak at approximately 1.0 V on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) versus Ag/AgCl, KCl (3.0M) in Britton-Robinson (BR) buffer at pH 4.2 and 5.0, respectively. Differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetric methods have been developed and validated for determination of CEF in different samples. The linear range was established as 0.25-40.0 μM for …

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Sulfur Compounds Identification And Quantification From Allium Spp. Fresh Leaves, L. Gîtin, R. Dinicə, C. Neagu, L. Dumitrascu Jul 2020

Sulfur Compounds Identification And Quantification From Allium Spp. Fresh Leaves, L. Gîtin, R. Dinicə, C. Neagu, L. Dumitrascu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Background Pyruvic acid concentration is a critical factor in determining Allium spp. pungency. This study was initiated to accurately measure the background pyruvic acid levels in Romanian Allium spp. From the pungency point of view, all analyzed plant varieties in this study are considered low pungent cultivars based on the enzymatically produced pyruvate level (between 42 μmol/g and 222 μmol/g fresh wt). Chromatographic analysis was carried out for the different varieties of the most popular fresh leaves (Allium cepa var. "Diamant", Allium cepa var. "Rubiniu", and Allium ursinum L.) in order to identify the sulfur compounds. The thin layer chromatography …

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Ionic Liquid-Based Hollow Fiber-Supported Liquid-Phase Microextraction Enhanced Electrically For The Determination Of Neutral Red, S.-R. Wang, S. Wang Jul 2020

Ionic Liquid-Based Hollow Fiber-Supported Liquid-Phase Microextraction Enhanced Electrically For The Determination Of Neutral Red, S.-R. Wang, S. Wang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A method of ionic liquid-based hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction enhanced electrically was successfully developed and applied to the extraction and determination of neutral red (NR) dye, which was selected as the model analyte. A room temperature ionic liquid, 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C8mim][PF6]), was placed in the pores of a polytetrafluoethylene hollow fiber, which acts as a liquid membrane and the acceptor solution. The extraction parameters affecting the enrichment factor of NR, such as pH, extraction time, elution time, stirring rate, and the voltage were optimized. In addition, UV-Visible (UV-Vis) or electrochemiluminescence spectra were also determined. The extraction rate and capacity of …

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Optimization Of Fermentation Process Of Cordyceps Militaris And Antitumor Activities Of Polysaccharides In Vitro, S. Yang, L. Jin, X. Ren, J. Lu, Q. Meng Jul 2020

Optimization Of Fermentation Process Of Cordyceps Militaris And Antitumor Activities Of Polysaccharides In Vitro, S. Yang, L. Jin, X. Ren, J. Lu, Q. Meng

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The influence of medium composition and cultural conditions on simultaneous yield of mycelia, intracellular polysaccharide, adenosine, and mannitol by Cordyceps militaris CGMCC 2909 was investigated with desirability functions in this study. An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. Under these conditions, …

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Application Of Ion Mobility Spectrometry For The Determination Of Tramadol In Biological Samples, A. Sheibani, N. Haghpazir Jul 2020

Application Of Ion Mobility Spectrometry For The Determination Of Tramadol In Biological Samples, A. Sheibani, N. Haghpazir

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

In this study, a simple and rapid ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) method has been described for the determination of tramadol. The operating instrumental parameters that could influence IMS were investigated and optimized (temperature; injection: 220 and IMS cell: 190°C, flow rate; carrier: 300 and drift: 600 mL/minute, voltage; corona: 2300 and drift: 7000 V, pulse width: 100 μs). Under optimum conditions, the calibration curves were linear within two orders of magnitude with R2 ≥ 0.998 for the determination of tramadol in human plasma, saliva, serum, and urine samples. The limits of detection and the limits of quantitation were between 0.1 …

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Linearity Study On Detection And Quantification Limits For The Determination Of Avermectins Using Linear Regression, R. Ismail, H.Y. Lee, N.A. Mahyudin, Bakar F. Abu Jul 2020

Linearity Study On Detection And Quantification Limits For The Determination Of Avermectins Using Linear Regression, R. Ismail, H.Y. Lee, N.A. Mahyudin, Bakar F. Abu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

In this study, linear relationships between response and concentration were used to estimate the detection limit (DL) and quantification limit (QL) for five avermectins: Emamectin, abamectin, doramectin, moxidectin, and ivermectin. Estimation of DL and QL was based on the standard deviation of residual and y-intercept of the regression line at low concentrations of avermectins, using the dispersive solid-phase extraction procedure. Avermectin extracts were analyzed using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Based on the regression slope, DL and QL were higher at concentrations of 0.3-0.4 μg/kg and 1 μg/kg, respectively, for all avermectin compounds. Linearity assessment was performed by linear regression, …

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Antioxidant Effects Of Camellia Sinensis L. Extract In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes, A. Spadiene, N. Savickiene, L. Ivanauskas, V. Jakstas, A. Skesters, A. Silova, H. Rodovicius Jul 2020

Antioxidant Effects Of Camellia Sinensis L. Extract In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes, A. Spadiene, N. Savickiene, L. Ivanauskas, V. Jakstas, A. Skesters, A. Silova, H. Rodovicius

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) has dramatically increased in the past decade. Furthermore, increasing evidence from research shows that oxidative stress (OS) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of diabetes and in its complications. A search for ways to reduce oxidative damage has become the focus of interest for the majority of scientists. In this study, we determined the radical scavenging activity of single green tea constituents by using an on-line high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and evaluated the antioxidant effects on type 2 diabetic patients by performing a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Epigallocatechin gallate was identified …

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Hypocholesterolemic Properties Of Grapefruit (Citrus Paradisii) And Shaddock (Citrus Maxima) Juices And Inhibition Of Angiotensin-1-Converting Enzyme Activity, G. Oboh, F.O. Bello, A.O. Ademosun Jul 2020

Hypocholesterolemic Properties Of Grapefruit (Citrus Paradisii) And Shaddock (Citrus Maxima) Juices And Inhibition Of Angiotensin-1-Converting Enzyme Activity, G. Oboh, F.O. Bello, A.O. Ademosun

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Grapefruit (Citrus paradisii) and shaddock (Citrus maxima) juices are used in folk medicine for the management of hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases, but the mechanism of action by which they exert their therapeutic action is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of grapefruit and shaddock juices on angiotensin-1-converting enzyme (ACE) activity in vitro and the hypocholesterolemic properties of the juices in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet. Grapefruit juice had higher total phenol and flavonoid contents than shaddock juice, while both juices inhibited ACE activity in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, administration of the juices to rats …

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Regulation Of Human Cytokines By Cordyceps Militaris, Y. Sun, Y. Shao, Z. Zhang, L. Wang, A.M. Mariga, G. Pang, C. Geng, C.-T. Ho, Q. Hu, L. Zhao Jul 2020

Regulation Of Human Cytokines By Cordyceps Militaris, Y. Sun, Y. Shao, Z. Zhang, L. Wang, A.M. Mariga, G. Pang, C. Geng, C.-T. Ho, Q. Hu, L. Zhao

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Cordyceps (Cordyceps militaris) exhibits many biological activities including antioxidant, inhibition of inflammation, cancer prevention, hypoglycemic, and antiaging properties, etc. However, a majority of studies involving C. militaris have focused only on in vitro and animal models, and there is a lack of direct translation and application of study results to clinical practice (e.g., health benefits). In this study, we investigated the regulatory effects of C. militaris micron powder (3 doses) on the human immune system. The study results showed that administration of C. militaris at various dosages reduced the activity of cytokines such as eotaxin, fibroblast growth factor-2, GRO, and …

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Dolichos Biflorus Exhibits Anti-Inflammatory And Antioxidant Properties In An Acute Inflammatory Model, L.E. Mathew, G. Sindhu, A. Helen Jul 2020

Dolichos Biflorus Exhibits Anti-Inflammatory And Antioxidant Properties In An Acute Inflammatory Model, L.E. Mathew, G. Sindhu, A. Helen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Dolichos biflorus (Muthira) is a branched, suberect, and downing herb, native to most parts of India, and found at altitudes of up to 1000 m, whose seeds can be cooked and eaten. Nutrition plays a key role in building immunity and preventing noncommunicable diseases to a certain extent. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of 70% methanolic extract of seeds of D. biflorus (DME) in carrageenan-induced inflammation. DME exhibited maximum percentage of oedema inhibition at a dose of 50 mg/kg at the 3rd hour of carrageenan induction. The effect was higher than that …

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Use Of A Failure Probability Constraint To Suggest An Initial Dose In A Phase I Cancer Clinical Trial, S.-C. Chang, C.-J. Chang, Y.-J. Lin, I.-B. Lian, C.S.J. Fann Jul 2020

Use Of A Failure Probability Constraint To Suggest An Initial Dose In A Phase I Cancer Clinical Trial, S.-C. Chang, C.-J. Chang, Y.-J. Lin, I.-B. Lian, C.S.J. Fann

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The primary objective of a Phase I cancer clinical trial is to determine the maximum tolerated dose of a drug. The "failure probability" was proposed and used as a constraint to help identify a suitable initial dose range. The maximum tolerated dose was then determined based on a 3 + 3 cohort-based escalation scheme. Multiple simulations were conducted, and the method was evaluated according to the required sample size and accuracy and precision of maximum tolerated dose estimate. The results indicated that the median of the initial dose range suggested using a failure probability is a suitable initial dose regardless …

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Extraction Of Water-Soluble Polysaccharide And The Antioxidant Activity From Semen Cassiae, C. Liu, Q. Liu, J. Sun, B. Jiang, J. Yan Jul 2020

Extraction Of Water-Soluble Polysaccharide And The Antioxidant Activity From Semen Cassiae, C. Liu, Q. Liu, J. Sun, B. Jiang, J. Yan

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Water-soluble polysaccharide was isolated from Semen cassiae using water for extraction and ethanol for deposition. The optimized conditions for polysaccharide isolation by orthogonal experiments were a sample to liquid ratio of 1:30 at 80°C for 3.5 hours; the yield of polysaccharide from Semen cassiae under these conditions was 5.46%. Different polysaccharides (SCPW-1, SCPW-2, SCPW-3, SCPW-4, SCPW-5, SCPS-1, SCPS-2) were obtained from the extract (i.e., crude polysaccharide) by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. The polysaccharides obtained showed different structures by Fourier transform infrared therein the five elected from the seven kinds separated. The antioxidant activities of the extract were evaluated. The scavenging rates …

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Characterization Of Odor-Active Compounds In Cooked Meat Of Farmed Obscure Puffer (Takifugu Obscurus) Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Olfactometry, N.-P. Tao, R. Wu, P.-G. Zhou, S.-Q. Gu, W. Wu Jul 2020

Characterization Of Odor-Active Compounds In Cooked Meat Of Farmed Obscure Puffer (Takifugu Obscurus) Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Olfactometry, N.-P. Tao, R. Wu, P.-G. Zhou, S.-Q. Gu, W. Wu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The volatile and odor-active compounds in cooked meat of farmed obscure puffer (Takifugu obscurus) were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry (GC-MS-O). The volatile compounds were extracted by the simultaneous distillation-extraction (SDE) method, then separated and identified by GC-MS. Odor-active compounds in the SDE extract were characterized by GC-MS-O. A total of 68 volatile compounds were found, including 23 aldehydes, 10 alcohols, nine ketones, 17 N- or S-containing compounds and aromatics, three acids, three alkanes, and three esters. Of these, 31 odor-active compounds were detected and identified. Trimethylamine (fishy), octanal (grassy, leafy, green), (E)-2-octenal (roast, fatty), 1-octen-3-ol (fishy, fatty, mushroom, grassy), …

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Effect Of Γ-Aminobutyric Acid And Nattokinase-Enriched Fermented Beans On The Blood Pressure Of Spontaneously Hypertensive And Normotensive Wistar-Kyoto Rats, K. Suwanmanon, P.-C. Hsieh Jul 2020

Effect Of Γ-Aminobutyric Acid And Nattokinase-Enriched Fermented Beans On The Blood Pressure Of Spontaneously Hypertensive And Normotensive Wistar-Kyoto Rats, K. Suwanmanon, P.-C. Hsieh

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

In this study we have evaluated the changes in arterial blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) caused by the short-term intake of Bacillus subtilis B060-fermented beans with significant γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and nattokinase activity. After being weaned, 7-week-old male SHR and 7-week-old male Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were randomized into seven groups. Until the 8th week of life, the rats in each group were given one of the following: Group 1, high dose of GABA and nattokinase in the SHR (SHD); Group 2, medium dose of GABA and nattokinase in the SHR (SMD); Group 3, low dose of GABA and …

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A Review Of Quality Surveillance Projects On Cosmetics In Taiwan, M.-H. Chung, W.-S. Huang, Y.-C. Chang, Y.-H. Chen, M.-S. Lee, S.-C. Huang, Y.-P. Chen, D.Y.-C. Shih, H.-F. Cheng Jul 2020

A Review Of Quality Surveillance Projects On Cosmetics In Taiwan, M.-H. Chung, W.-S. Huang, Y.-C. Chang, Y.-H. Chen, M.-S. Lee, S.-C. Huang, Y.-P. Chen, D.Y.-C. Shih, H.-F. Cheng

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The Food and Drug Administration in Taiwan is responsible for the quality regulation and control of cosmetics. In order to have a clear understanding of the trends in the product quality monitoring outcomes and the regulatory control measures over the past years, this study has put together the reports of nine cosmetic surveillance projects conducted between 1982 and 2012. The findings can be used as a reference in developing a more solid quality monitoring plan and management system for cosmetic products. Results show that permanent wave products, hair dye products, and phthalate esters in cosmetic products have the highest average …

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Integration Of Independent Component Analysis With Near-Infrared Spectroscopy For Analysis Of Bioactive Components In The Medicinal Plant Gentiana Scabra Bunge, Y.-K. Chuang, I.-C. Yang, Y.M. Lo, C.-Y. Tsai, S. Chen Jul 2020

Integration Of Independent Component Analysis With Near-Infrared Spectroscopy For Analysis Of Bioactive Components In The Medicinal Plant Gentiana Scabra Bunge, Y.-K. Chuang, I.-C. Yang, Y.M. Lo, C.-Y. Tsai, S. Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Independent component (IC) analysis was applied to near-infrared spectroscopy for analysis of gentiopicroside and swertiamarin; the two bioactive components of Gentiana scabra Bunge. ICs that are highly correlated with the two bioactive components were selected for the analysis of tissue cultures, shoots and roots, which were found to distribute in three different positions within the domain [two-dimensional (2D) and 3D] constructed by the ICs. This setup could be used for quantitative determination of respective contents of gentiopicroside and swertiamarin within the plants. For gentiopicroside, the spectral calibration model based on the second derivative spectra produced the best effect in the …

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Determination Of The Food Dye Carmine In Milk And Candy Products By Differential Pulse Polarography, U.T. Yilmaz, F. Ergun, H. Yilmaz Jul 2020

Determination Of The Food Dye Carmine In Milk And Candy Products By Differential Pulse Polarography, U.T. Yilmaz, F. Ergun, H. Yilmaz

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

As a basis for the development of a sensitive analytical method for the determination of carmine food dye, a study of the differential pulse polarographic reduction of carminic acid (CA) on a dropping mercury electrode was performed. For the analytical differential pulse polarographic method running at pH 2.0 Britton-Robinson (B-R) buffer solution (peak at -489 mV), the relationship between the peak current and CA concentration was linear in the range of 1 μM to 90 μM with a detection limit of 0.16 μM. The proposed electrochemical procedure was successfully applied to the determination of carmine food dye in spiked commercially …

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Comparison Of Free Radical Formation Induced By Baicalein And Pentamethyl-Hydroxychromane In Human Promyelocytic Leukemia Cells Using Electron Spin Resonance, Y.-K. Huang, T.-C. Chang, J.-R. Sheu, K.-H. Wen, D.-S. Chou Jul 2020

Comparison Of Free Radical Formation Induced By Baicalein And Pentamethyl-Hydroxychromane In Human Promyelocytic Leukemia Cells Using Electron Spin Resonance, Y.-K. Huang, T.-C. Chang, J.-R. Sheu, K.-H. Wen, D.-S. Chou

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Baicalein and pentamethyl-hydroxychromane (PMC) have been investigated for use as antioxidants. However, antioxidants may stimulate free radical formation under certain conditions. The aim of our study was to determine whether PMC and baicalein exhibit both pro-oxidant and antioxidant activities in human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells. In this study, electron spin resonance spectrometry was used to investigate the effects of baicalein and PMC on free radical formation. In HL-60 cells, baicalein and PMC produced hydroxyl and phenoxyl radicals, respectively, but each inhibited radical formation by the other. The PMC pro-oxidant activity required H2O2, whereas baicalein produced hydroxyl radicals during the cell …

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Electrochemical Oxidation Behavior Of Hydrochlorothiazide On A Glassy Carbon Electrode And Its Voltammetric Determination In Pharmaceutical Formulations And Biological Fluids, A.F. Alghamdi Jul 2020

Electrochemical Oxidation Behavior Of Hydrochlorothiazide On A Glassy Carbon Electrode And Its Voltammetric Determination In Pharmaceutical Formulations And Biological Fluids, A.F. Alghamdi

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The electrochemical oxidation behavior of hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) on a glassy carbon as a working electrode was investigated in Britton-Robinson (B-R) buffer pH 3, by using anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). This drug gave a well-defined voltammetric oxidation peak at + 1200 mV versus an Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The electrochemical oxidation process was shown to be irreversible and diffusion controlled, with adsorption characterized over the entire pH range. The optimized conditions, such as accumulation time and potential, scan rate, frequency, pulse amplitude, varying of working electrodes, and instrumental parameters were studied. The calibration graph for HCT was obtained …

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Flavonoid Compositions And Antioxidant Activity Of Calamondin Extracts Prepared Using Different Solvents, S.-N. Lou, Y.-S. Hsu, C.-T. Ho Jul 2020

Flavonoid Compositions And Antioxidant Activity Of Calamondin Extracts Prepared Using Different Solvents, S.-N. Lou, Y.-S. Hsu, C.-T. Ho

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Calamondin has been demonstrated to exhibit antioxidant function and tyrosinase inhibitory activity, which might be attributed to its flavonoid compounds. To improve their application, the flavonoid compositions and antioxidant activity of calamondin extracts, prepared by different solvents, were investigated. The results showed that total phenolic and flavonoid contents of extracts from peel of calamondin were higher than that from pulp, except the flavonoid content in hot water extract. The flavonoids found in extracts of calamondin were 3′,5′-di-C-β-glucopyranosylphloretin (DGPP), naringin, hesperidin, nobiletin, tangeretin, and diosmin. DGPP exhibited the highest quantity, while naringin and hesperidin were the other two major flavonoids. The …

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Catechin Content And The Degree Of Its Galloylation In Oolong Tea Are Inversely Correlated With Cultivation Altitude, G.-H. Chen, C.-Y. Yang, S.-J. Lee, C.-C. Wu, J.T.C. Tzen Jul 2020

Catechin Content And The Degree Of Its Galloylation In Oolong Tea Are Inversely Correlated With Cultivation Altitude, G.-H. Chen, C.-Y. Yang, S.-J. Lee, C.-C. Wu, J.T.C. Tzen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The taste quality of oolong tea generated from leaves of Camellia sinensis L. cultivated in the same mountain area is positively correlated to the cultivation altitude, partly due to the inverse correlation with the astringency of the tea infusion. The astringency of oolong tea mostly results from the presence of polyphenolic compounds, mainly catechins and their derivatives. Four catechins, (-)-epicatechin (EC) and (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC) together with their gallate derivatives (with relatively high astringency), (-)-EC gallate (ECG) and (-)-EGC gallate (EGCG), were detected as major compounds in oolong tea. The degrees of catechin galloylation, designated as ECG/(EC + ECG) and EGCG/(EGC …

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Effect Of Roasting On The Volatile Constituents Of Trichosanthes Kirilowii Seeds, S. Wu, T. Xu, C.C. Akoh Jul 2020

Effect Of Roasting On The Volatile Constituents Of Trichosanthes Kirilowii Seeds, S. Wu, T. Xu, C.C. Akoh

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Roasted Trichosanthes kirilowii seeds have much more intense flavor than the raw seeds, and are commonly used as food and in the preparations of many medicinal formulations. Volatile constituents in the raw and roasted T. kirilowii seeds were separated by simultaneous distillation and extraction, and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry on two capillary gas chromatography columns of different polarities (DB-WAX and HP-1). A total of 40 volatile compounds were identified in the raw seeds, with pentanal, 2-pentanol, styrene, (Z)-2-heptenal, (+)-calarene, and α-muurolene being the predominant compounds; 40 volatile compounds were also identified in the roasted seeds, with 3-methylbutanal, ethanol, 2-butanol, …

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5-Aminolevulinic Acid Induced Photodynamic Inactivation On Staphylococcus Aureus And Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, C.-M. Hsieh, Y.-H. Huang, C.-P. Chen, B.-C. Hsieh, T. Tsai Jul 2020

5-Aminolevulinic Acid Induced Photodynamic Inactivation On Staphylococcus Aureus And Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, C.-M. Hsieh, Y.-H. Huang, C.-P. Chen, B.-C. Hsieh, T. Tsai

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The aim of the present study was to develop a simple and fast screening technique to directly evaluate the bactericidal effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-mediated photodynamic inactivation (PDI) and to determine the optimal antibacterial conditions of ALA concentrations and the total dosage of light in vitro. The effects of PDI on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the presence of various concentrations of ALA (1.0 mM, 2.5 mM, 5.0 mM, 10.0 mM) were examined. All bacterial strains were exponentially grown in the culture medium at room temperature in the dark for 60 minutes and subsequently irradiated with 630 ± 5 …

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Correlation Of Antituberculosis Drug-Related Liver Injury And Liver Function Monitoring: A 12-Year Experience Of The Taiwan Drug Relief Foundation, L.-H. Chih, A.W.F. On, Y.-S. Huang Jul 2020

Correlation Of Antituberculosis Drug-Related Liver Injury And Liver Function Monitoring: A 12-Year Experience Of The Taiwan Drug Relief Foundation, L.-H. Chih, A.W.F. On, Y.-S. Huang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Antituberculosis drug-related liver injury (ATLI) is the most prevalent hepatotoxicity in many countries. Whether monitoring liver tests is beneficial to prevent this potentially grave adverse drug reaction (ADR) is open to debate. The Taiwan Drug Relief Foundation (TDRF) was established by the Taiwan Food and Drug Administration to collect severe cases of ADR and carry out drug injury relief tasks. Our intention was to explore the role of monitoring liver tests in the susceptibility and severity of ATLI from the database of this foundation. All cases of suspected ATLI collected by the TDRF from 1999 to 2012 were reviewed. The …

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Detection Of 10 Sweeteners In Various Foods By Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry, C.-S. Chang, T.S. Yeh Jul 2020

Detection Of 10 Sweeteners In Various Foods By Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry, C.-S. Chang, T.S. Yeh

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The analytical method for sweeteners in various food matrixes is very important for food quality control and regulation enforcement. A simple and rapid method for the simultaneous determination of 10 sweeteners [acesulfame potassium (ACS-K), aspartame (ASP), cyclamate (CYC), dulcin (DUL), glycyrrhizic acid (GA), neotame (NEO), neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), saccharin (SAC), sucralose (SCL), and stevioside (STV)] in various foods by liquid chromatography/tandem mass chromatography (LC-MS/MS) was developed. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Phenomenex Luna Phenyl-Hexyl (5 μm, 4.6 mm × 150 mm) column with gradient elution of 10 mM ammonium acetate in water and 10 mM ammonium acetate in …

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Effect Of Extraction Solvent On Total Phenol Content, Total Flavonoid Content, And Antioxidant Activity Of Limnophila Aromatica, Q.D. Do, A.E. Angkawijaya, P.L. Tran-Nguyen, L.H. Huynh, F.E. Soetaredjo, S. Ismadji, Y.-H. Ju Jul 2020

Effect Of Extraction Solvent On Total Phenol Content, Total Flavonoid Content, And Antioxidant Activity Of Limnophila Aromatica, Q.D. Do, A.E. Angkawijaya, P.L. Tran-Nguyen, L.H. Huynh, F.E. Soetaredjo, S. Ismadji, Y.-H. Ju

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Limnophila aromatica is commonly used as a spice and a medicinal herb in Southeast Asia. In this study, water and various concentrations (50%, 75%, and 100%) of methanol, ethanol, and acetone in water were used as solvent in the extraction of L. aromatica. The antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content of the freeze-dried L. aromatica extracts were investigated using various in vitro assays. The extract obtained by 100% ethanol showed the highest total antioxidant activity, reducing power and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity. The same extract also exhibited the highest phenolic content (40.5 mg gallic acid equivalent/g …

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The Implementation Of Haccp Management System In A Chocolate Ice Cream Plant, J. Lu, X.-H. Pua, C.-T. Liu, C.-L. Chang, K.-C. Cheng Jul 2020

The Implementation Of Haccp Management System In A Chocolate Ice Cream Plant, J. Lu, X.-H. Pua, C.-T. Liu, C.-L. Chang, K.-C. Cheng

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

To guarantee the safety of chocolate ice cream production, the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) system was applied to the production process. The biological, chemical, and physical hazards that may exist in every step of chocolate ice cream production were identified. In addition, the critical control points were selected and the critical limits, monitoring, corrective measures, records, and verifications were established. The critical control points, which include pasteurization and freezing, were identified. Implementing the HACCP system in food manufacturing can effectively ensure food safety and quality, expand the market, and improve the manufacturers' management level. © 2013, Food and …

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Quantitative Determination Of Salvinorin A, A Natural Hallucinogen With Abuse Liability, In Internet-Available Salvia Divinorum And Endemic Species Of Salvia In Taiwan, P.-X. Lin, J.-H. Li, S.-H. Chen, H.-C. Chang, R. Mcketin Jul 2020

Quantitative Determination Of Salvinorin A, A Natural Hallucinogen With Abuse Liability, In Internet-Available Salvia Divinorum And Endemic Species Of Salvia In Taiwan, P.-X. Lin, J.-H. Li, S.-H. Chen, H.-C. Chang, R. Mcketin

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

In recent years, recreational use of Salvia divinorum (Lamiaceae), a herbal drug that contains a hallucinogenic ingredient, salvinorin A, has become a new phenomenon among young drug users. In Taiwan, as in many other countries, dry leaves of S. divinorum and its related concentrated extract products are available via the Internet. Besides S. divinorum, there are many endemic Salvia species whose salvinorin A content is yet unknown. To understand the abuse liability of these products, the aim of this study was to assess the concentration of salvinorin A in endemic Salvia species and Internet-available salvinorin A-related products. Samples of S. …

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Simultaneous Determination Of Ranitidine And Metronidazole In Pharmaceutical Formulations At Poly(Chromotrope 2b) Modified Activated Glassy Carbon Electrodes, X. Li, G. Xu Jul 2020

Simultaneous Determination Of Ranitidine And Metronidazole In Pharmaceutical Formulations At Poly(Chromotrope 2b) Modified Activated Glassy Carbon Electrodes, X. Li, G. Xu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A simple and sensitive electrochemical method for the simultaneous and quantitative detection of ranitidine (RT) and metronidazole (MT) was developed, based on a poly(chromotrope 2B) modified activated glassy carbon electrode (PCHAGCE). The PCHAGCE showed excellent electrocatalytic activity toward the reduction of both RT and MT in 0.1 mol/L phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.0). The peak-to-peak separations for the simultaneous detection of RT and MT between the two reduction waves in cyclic voltammetry were increased significantly from ∼0.1 V at activated GCE, to ∼0.55 V at PCHAGCE. By differential pulse voltammetry techniques, the reduction peak currents of RT and MT were …

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