Microbiology Commons^™

The Composition And Concentrations Of Cyanobacteria In The North Landing River, Virginia And Upper Currituck Sound, North Carolina, Sonja E. Midgette

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

A 12 month study of cyanobacteria composition and concentrations in the North Landing River and upper Currituck Sound was conducted from March 1986 to February 1987. Epifluorescence microscopy and the fluorochrome proflavin were used to determine cell concentrations and vertical, station to station and seasonal distribution of these cells. Cyanobacterial assemblage patterns were coupled with pH, temperature, salinity and water transparency readings.

Cyanobacteria were found to be a persistent and prolific phytoplankton component of both the river and upper sound. For a comparison of vertical distribution for each station, an analysis of variance for. two groups of equal size was …

In Vitro Evaluation Of Cancer Patient Immune Responses Following Infusion Of Radiolabeled Murine Monoclonal Antibody, Kelly A. King

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Several monoclonal antibody (MAb) types derived from mice have been developed specifically for the use of targeting human tumors. The specificity of these murine MAb’s for their respective tumor antigens is very high making them potentially good immunotherapeutic agents for cancer treatment and diagnosis. A limiting factor in using these murine MAb’s in patients is the development of human anti-mouse antibody (HAMA). The presence of HAMA may reduce the effectiveness of MAb for tumor targeting. If patient sensitization could be quickly detected following the initial infusion of MAb, then future infusion could be altered or terminated to prevent further sensitization. …

Enhancement Of Intratumor Antibody Distribution With A Bifunctional Antibody Delivery System And With Hyperthermia, Karen Lynn King

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The intratumor distribution of a new monoclonal antibody-hapten-based delivery system was examined. From two marine antibodies, Hybritech, Inc. has developed a bifunctional antibody (BPA) with specificities against CEA (ZCE-025 or GEM 231) and against one of two derivatives of [¹¹¹In]-benzyl-EDTA (CHA 255), EOTUBE or BLEDTA IV, to form ZCE/CHA or CEM/CHA. BFA accumulates in CEA-expressing tissue and clears from non-antigenic tissues prior to administration of an [¹¹¹In]-hapten.

Using five groups of nude mice bearing human colon tumor xenografts (T380), we evaluated different carriers of [¹¹¹In]-EOTUBE to prelocalized ZCE/CHA. We administered all antibodies and haptens …

Bluetongue Virus Evolution: Sequence Analyses Of The Gene Coding For The Major Serogroup Antigen, Timothy F. Kowalik

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A study was undertaken to better understand the genetic relationship of five United States prototype bluetongue virus serotypes. Genomic double-stranded RNA segment S1, which encodes the major core protein and serogroup antigen, VP7, was used as a marker gene for the sequence analyses. The S1 segments from BTV-2, 11, 13, and 17 were cloned and sequenced by methods developed during the course of this investigation. These results were compared with previously published sequence data from segment S1 of BTV-10. The Sl segments are 1156 base pairs long and contain a common open reading frame capable of coding for a protein …

Effect Of Milk On Fibronectin And Collagen Type I Binding To Staphylococcus Aureus And Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Isolated From Bovine Mastitis, J. Miedzobrodzki, A. S. Naidu, J. L. Watts, Pawel Ciborowski, K. Palm

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Tryptic soy broth (TSB)-grown cells of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from acute and chronic bovine mastitis bound mainly ¹²⁵I-fibronectin (¹²⁵I-Fn), whereas strains of nine species of coagulase-negative staphylococci showed a predominant interaction with ¹²⁵I-collagen (¹²⁵I-Cn) type I. A particle agglutination assay (PAA) was used to examine the interaction of coagulase-negative staphylococci with ¹²⁵1-Fn and ¹²⁵I-Cn immobilized on latex. All 368 coagulase-negative staphylococci demonstrated high ¹²⁵I-Cn and moderate to low ¹²⁵I-Fn interactions in the PAA. Cn-PAA reactivity was high among strains of Staphylococcus xylosus (84.2%), Staphylococcus simulans (77.8%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (76.7%), and …

Transactivation Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Promoter By Human Herpesvirus 6, Rebecca Horvat, Charles Wood, N. Balachandran

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are often infected with a number of other heterologous viruses in addition to the initial human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and these agents could act as potential reactivating agents of latent HIV. A new antigenically distinct herpesvirus, designated human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), has recently been isolated from patients with AIDS and has been shown to infect a number of different human cells, specifically human T cells, B cells, and glial cells. Since these are some of the same cells that harbor the AIDS virus, it is quite important to determine any interaction between this …

Cyanonews (Vol. 5, No. 2, October 1989), Jeff Elhai

CyanoNews

CyanoNews was a newsletter that served the cyanobacteriological community from 1985 to 2003, with content provided by readers (sort of a blog before there were blogs). The newsletter reported new findings from the lab, summaries of recent meetings (often provided by graduate students and post-docs entering the field), positions sought or available, life transitions, a compendium of recent cyanobacteria-related articles, and other items of interest to those who study cyanobacteria.

Use Of Trpe/Gag Fusion Proteins To Characterize Immunoreactive Domains On The Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Core Protein, Michael Windheuser, Gary Tegtmeier, Charles Wood

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) p24 core protein is one of the most immunogenic of HIV structural proteins. Infected individuals develop high titers of antibodies against p24 early in infection, which makes anti-p24 antibodies important serological markers. However, despite the clinical importance of the anti-p24 response, no systematic study to characterize the antigenic domains on the p24 protein has been reported. We report here on the use of 12 overlapping fragments of the HIV type 1 p24 protein, synthesized in bacteria as TrpE/Gag fusion proteins, to identify at least two and possibly three antigenic domains on the p24 protein. In …

Cyanonews (Vol. 5, No. 1, May 1989), Jeff Elhai

CyanoNews

CyanoNews was a newsletter that served the cyanobacteriological community from 1985 to 2003, with content provided by readers (sort of a blog before there were blogs). The newsletter reported new findings from the lab, summaries of recent meetings (often provided by graduate students and post-docs entering the field), positions sought or available, life transitions, a compendium of recent cyanobacteria-related articles, and other items of interest to those who study cyanobacteria.

Control Of Viral Mrna Stability By The Virion Host Shutoff Function Of Herpes Simplex Virus, Asha A. Oroskar

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Genetic Mapping And Characterization Of Acc, The Agrocinopine-Agrocin 84 Region, On Ptic58, The Nopaline-Type Ti Plasmid Of Agrobacterium Tumefaciens Strain C58, G. Thomas Hayman

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Characterization Of Steroid-17,20-Desmolase And 20Α-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase From Clostridium Scindens, Amy Elizabeth Krafft

Theses and Dissertations

Clostridium scindens is an obligate anaerobe isolated from the normal intestinal flora of man. It is the only bacterium known at present to synthesize both steroid-17,20-desmolase and 20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (ZOα-HSDH). This study was undertaken to characterize these neutral steroid transforming reactions in extracts of C. scindens; to purify and characterize the enzymes responsible for side-chain cleavage and 20α- hydroxysteroid oxidoreduction and to clone the genes encoding these enzymes with a view towards studying the mechanism of induction by steroids in a prokaryotic system. Both enzymes were found to be co-inducible in cells cultured in the presence of 17α-hydroxysteroids. In cell …

Protoporphyrinogen Oxidation, A Step In Heme Synthesis In Soybean Root Nodules And Free-Living Rhizobia., Nicholas J. Jacobs, Susan E. Borotz, Mary Lou Guerinot

Dartmouth Scholarship

Extracts of the crude bacteroid fraction of symbiotically grown Bradyrhizobium japonicum were much more active in oxidizing protoporphyrinogen to protoporphyrin than were extracts of cells grown under free-living conditions, especially when assayed in atmospheres containing only traces of oxygen. This correlates with the higher heme content of the microaerophilic nodules. Furthermore, the high level of oxidative activity in the crude bacteroid fraction was associated with an uncharacterized membrane fraction, probably of plant origin, that was separable from the bacteroids by Percoll gradient centrifugation.

Vertical Distribution Of Phytoplankton Populations Along The Northeastern Continental Shelf Margin Of The United States, Bruce Burwell Wagoner

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

A study of phytoplankton vertical distribution at six stations along the northeast continental shelf of the United States was conducted in April 1984.

A total of 168 taxa were identified from nine phylogenetic groups collected at depths up to 150 m. Highest cell concentrations and cell volumes were in the upper 30 m. Greatest cell concentrations were produced by diatoms and a pico-nanoplankton component, with cell volumes mainly the product of diatoms and dinoflagellates. A high degree of variability was observed between phylogenetic groups within each station, but less variability was noted for phylogenetic categories at different stations.

Little difference …

Interactions Between Aquatic Chromogenic Bacteria And Pathogenic Vibrio Spp., John Louis Harris

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Interactions between populations inhabiting an ecosys­tem are responsible, in large part, for determining which species coexist in that ecosystem. In this study, interac­tions between selected Vibrio species, V. alginolyticus and V. anguillarum, and marine heterotrophic, chromogenic bac­teria in aquatic microcosms were investigated. The ultimate goal of this project was to evaluate the feasibility of ex­ ploiting competitive interactions as a means to biologically control growth of the pathogenic marine bacteria, V. alginolyticus and V. anguillarum. In the majority of ex­periments (14/16), if chromogenic species were allowed to develop stable populations before a Vibrio spp. was intro­duced into a …

Genetic Transformation In Salmonella Typhimurium, Siao Ping Tasi

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Plasmid transformation is an essential step in many gene cloning experiments. In Salmonella tynhimurium, mutants of rough strain have shown improved transformation frequency previously. In this work a stable restriction-minus (r^-) and modification-plus (m⁺) strain and its derivatives were constructed. Effect of restriction barrier on transformation of plasmid pBR322 was tested. Several factors which may affect transformation frequency have been systematically examined to determine the optimum conditions for transformation in S. tvphimurium. Efforts were made to simplify the procedure.

Using pBR322 plasmid as an experimental model, the r^- strain demonstrated 10⁵ to …

Comparison Of Five Different Serological Assays For Determination Of Antibody Levels Against Herpes Virus Type 1 And 2, Murat Sami Küçük

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

To aid in the diagnosis of certain clinical types of Herpes virus infections, we evaluated and compared five serological methods for measuring Herpes virus antibody. The five tests we compared are complement fixation test (CF), indirect immunofluorescent antibody assay (IFA), anticomplementary immunofluorescent assay (ACIF), enzyme linked immunoassay test (ELISA), and the latex agglutination test (LA). The main objective of this study was to establish which of the currently available serologic tests was best suited for clinical laboratory use and which may then replace the complement fixation test. In the comparative testing, one hundred twenty serum samples were divided into four …

Isolation And Characterization Of Monoclonal Antibodies Directed Against Plant Plasma Membrane And Cell Wall Epitopes: Identification Of A Monoclonal Antibody That Recognizes Extensin And Analysis Of The Process Of Epitope Biosynthesis In Plant Tissues And Cell Cultures, David J. Meyer, Claudio L. Alfonso, David W. Galbraith

Papers in Microbiology

Membranes from tobacco cell suspension cultures were used as antigens for the preparation of monoclonal antibodies. Use of solid phase and indirect immunofluorescence assays led to the identification of hybridomas producing antibodies directed against cell surface epitopes. One of these monoclonal antibodies (ll.D2) was found to recognize a molecular species which on two-dimensional analysis (using nonequilibrium pH-gradient electrophoresis and SDS-PAGE) was found to have a high and polydisperse molecular mass and a very basic isoelectric point. This component was conspicuously labeled by [3H]proline in vivo. The monoclonal antibody cross-reacted with authentic tomato extensin, but not with potato lectin nor larch …

Seasonal Phytoplankton Assemblages In The Nansemond River, Virginia, Cindy Eleanor Shomers

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

A monthly phytoplankton study was conducted on the Nansemond River from November 1984 to October 1985. Light microscopy was utilized to characterize the resident populations, their cell concentrations and to provide a general comparison to other regional studies of river systems considered more polluted. The results divided the flora into two major categories. The first group was a pico-nanoplankton component composed of Cyanobacteria and Chlorophycean cells 1-10 um in diameter. The second group was a microplankton assemblage of Bacillariophyceae, Dinophyceae, Cryptophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Cyanobacteria and Euglenophyceae. The pico-nanoplankton had a unimodal abundance pattern with peak concentrations occurring in spring. The microplankton …

Determination Of Antibody Levels In Periapical Lesions Against Sixteen Oral Microorganisms By The Elisa Technique, Sammee Lee Jones

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The root canal system, which includes the periapical region of the tooth, may become infected by several types of microorganisms which are normally associated with these tissues. A bacteria-specific antibody response may occur at the local level, where various classes of immunoglobulins have been found and reported in the literature. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively measure locally produced immunoglobulin' levels in periapical lesion abscess materials and to determine the specific reactivity of these antibodies to several microorganisms which are normal flora, as well as being previously associated with the development and pathogenesis of endodontic infections. Periapical lesions …

Immunologic Mechanisms Involved With Human Endodontic Lesions, Sunita V. Prabhu

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Endodontic or root canal infection results in immunologic changes in periapical region, which causes the destruction of pulpal and periapical tissue. No definitive study has identified a specific organism or a group of organisms as a etiological agents. Past studies have indicated that immunoglobulin E play a significant role in the pathogenesis of periapical lesions. The presence of this factor suggests that some of the endodontic flare-ups may be IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions. Antibody levels of IgA have been quantitatively measured by ELISA and IgE by modified RAST assay, against eleven oral bacteria which are routinely isolated from such lesions. The …

The Isolation And Characterization Of Growth Regulatory Factors Produced By A Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Transformed Mouse Tumor Cell Line, H238, Robert B. Stagg

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Transformation of cells with herpes simplex virus Type 2 (HSV- 2)occurs by an unknown mechanism. No specific gene or gene product has been consistently associated with HSV-2 transformation as is the case for other tumor viruses. This study was performed in an attempt to associate HSV-2-transformation with specific growth factors in order to develop a testable model for HSV-2-transformation. For some tumor viruses, particularly those containing RNA, there has been a central concept (autocrine secretion) linking oncogenes and growth factors. This concept centers on the ability of the cancer cells to produce and respond to their own autologous factors. We …

Chemoreceptors Regulate Discharge Of Microbasic P-Mastigophores In The Sea Anemone, Aiptasia Pallida, Gail E. Muir Giebel

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Recently, using cnida-mediated measurements of adhesive force, Thorington and Hessinger (1984, 1988a, b) identified two different chemoreceptors involved in triggering cnida discharge on the tentacles of the sea anemone, Aiptasia pallida. These two classes of receptors were shown to interact with glycine and N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA). We now show that the discharge of the microbasic p-mastigophores, one of the three types of cnidae present on the tentacles of A. pallida, is under the controlling influence of these two classes of cnidocyte-associated chemoreceptors. We also demonstrate that the number of discharged microbasic p-mastigophores adhering to the test probes is proportional to …

Effects Of Corticosteroids And Of Cyclosporin A On Trypanosoma Musculi In Mice And In Culture, Philip Stephen Schuyler

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The in vivo and in vitro effects of cyclosporin A and corticosteroids on Trypanosoma musculi were examined. Mice that received continuous administration of 6 mg/liter/day of dexamethasone in drinking water and 200 mg/kg hydrocortisone acetate as a single dose 24 hrs prior to injection with T. musculi had significantly higher and longer parasitemias, than controls. Body and spleen weights and B cell responsiveness were lower in test animals and there were some deaths. Mice injected with T. musculi that received 100 mg/kg/day cyclosporin A had longer, but not higher, parasitemias than controls. Corticosteroids appear to partially inactive antibody production (i.e. …

Characterization Of The Aquatic Environment In Lake Mead Near The Proposed Spring Canyon Pumped-Storage Project, And Assessment Of Potential Aquatic Impacts, Charles R. Liston, Stephen J. Grabowski, Bureau Of Reclamation

Publications (WR)

A pumped storage system consists of an upper reservoir and lower reservoir separated by an elevation difference. During low demand energy periods such as nights and weekends water is pumped from the lower to the upper reservoir using available energy from conventional steam electric power plants. During high energy demand periods, such as mornings and afternoons of weekdays, upper reservoir water is allowed to drop back down through the same system of water conduits and turbines, generating electricity to conveniently meet abrupt electrical energy requirements. The same water turbines thus act both as pumps and as conventional hydroelectric turbines. Because …

Dosage Window Of Selenium On Human Natural Killer Cytotoxicity And Neutrophilmediated Chemiluminescence, Mary Labue

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Few studies have been conducted on the effect of in vitro selenium (Se) supplementation on cellular immunity. In the present study, the effects of in vitro incubation with sodium selenite on natural killer (NK)-mediated cytotoxicity and phagocyte chemiluminescence (CL) were examined. NK-mediated cytotoxicity and phagocyte CL were observed to be affected by added selenite. These changes generally included augmentation and suppression of both neutrophil CL and NK-mediated cytotoxicity. All dosages of selenite used were shown to be capable of causing augmentation of neutrophil CL. However, 1.0 /xg/ml selenite was also observed to occasionally cause depression of neutrophil CL. When Se …

Cyanonews (Vol. 4, No. 3, December 1988), Jeff Elhai

CyanoNews

CyanoNews was a newsletter that served the cyanobacteriological community from 1985 to 2003, with content provided by readers (sort of a blog before there were blogs). The newsletter reported new findings from the lab, summaries of recent meetings (often provided by graduate students and post-docs entering the field), positions sought or available, life transitions, a compendium of recent cyanobacteria-related articles, and other items of interest to those who study cyanobacteria.

Cyanonews (Vol. 4, No. 1, February 1988), Jeff Elhai

CyanoNews

CyanoNews was a newsletter that served the cyanobacteriological community from 1985 to 2003, with content provided by readers (sort of a blog before there were blogs). The newsletter reported new findings from the lab, summaries of recent meetings (often provided by graduate students and post-docs entering the field), positions sought or available, life transitions, a compendium of recent cyanobacteria-related articles, and other items of interest to those who study cyanobacteria.

Cyanonews (Vol. 4, No. 2, July 1988), Jeff Elhai

CyanoNews

CyanoNews was a newsletter that served the cyanobacteriological community from 1985 to 2003, with content provided by readers (sort of a blog before there were blogs). The newsletter reported new findings from the lab, summaries of recent meetings (often provided by graduate students and post-docs entering the field), positions sought or available, life transitions, a compendium of recent cyanobacteria-related articles, and other items of interest to those who study cyanobacteria.

Lymphocyte Subpopulations And Other Laboratory Parameters In Patients With The Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (Aids) And Related Conditions, Steven C. Shivers

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

Patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), AIDS-Related Complex (ARC) and other high-risk individuals were evaluated for lymphocyte subsets and serum levels of IgG, IgA, IgM, complement C3 and C4, B2-rnicroglobulin, circulating immune complexes and antibodies to HIV (1). Patients with other immunologic diseases not related to AIDS and healthy individuals not at risk for AIDS were also included in the study. AIDS-related patients overall showed significant (p < .05) relative and absolute decreases helper/inducer T cells, and relative and absolute increases in suppressor/ cytotoxic T cells, resulting in dramatic decreases in helper to suppressor ratios. Relative decreases in total T cells and increases in B cells and natural killer (NK) cells were also observed in some AIDSrelated patients. Four patients not at risk for AIDS had borderline and possibly false positive HIV antibody results. Antibody levels in one of these patients gradually changed to negative after a period of a few weeks. AIDS-related patients overall were also found to have significant (p < .05) increases in serum levels of imrnunoglobulins, B2-microglobulin, and circulating immune complexes. Significant changes in serum levels of Complement C3 and C4 were not observed.