Microbiology Commons^™

Resistant & Persistent Bacterial Cells, Jean-Louis Bru

Open Educational Resources

An activity on the difference between resistant & persistent bacterial cells. This activity aims to build on the pre-lecture materials about resistant bacterial cells, so that students can make a connection toward persistent cells. In both cases, they make antibiotics less effective.

Learning Objectives

Recognize the importance of antibiotics in fighting bacterial infections. Understand how bacterial species become antibiotic resistant. Determine the difference between resistant and persistent bacterial cells.

Social and Collaborative

Students work together on this in-class activity in groups of 2-4 (3, ideally). Each student will have one of the following roles: encourager, recorded, investigator, and time keeper. …

Modulatory Roles Of Human Adenovirus Type 3 In Extracellular Vesicle Development, Trafficking, And Inhibition, Ayodeji Oludare Ipinmoroti

Dissertations

Respiratory human adenovirus (HAdV) has been closely linked with acute respiratory infections such as pharyngitis and coryza (common cold). While some HAdV serotypes antagonize the immune system leading to meningitis, gastroenteritis, and acute hemorrhagic cystitis among other conditions, HAdV type 3 (HAdV3) predominantly infects the upper respiratory tract. Studies have shown that the release of small, membrane-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), termed exosomes, may offer a mechanism by which certain viruses, enter cells via receptor-independent entry. EVs play a major role in both cellular homeostasis and intercellular communication under both healthy and pathological conditions. Firstly, in this study, we demonstrated that …

Figure 1, Marquette University, Lisa N. Petrella

Mikeworth 2023

No abstract provided.

Figure 5, Marquette University, Lisa Petrella

Mikeworth 2023

No abstract provided.

Figure 4, Marquette University, Lisa Petrella

Mikeworth 2023

No abstract provided.

Figure 3, Marquette University, Lisa Petrella

Mikeworth 2023

No abstract provided.

Figure S2, Marquette University, Lisa Petrella

Mikeworth 2023

No abstract provided.

Figure S1, Marquette University, Lisa Petrella

Mikeworth 2023

No abstract provided.

Synthesis Of 1,2,3-Triazole-Thymol Derivatives As Potential Antimicrobial Agents, Justice Kwaku Addo, Ernest Owusu-Ansah, Nicholas T.K.D. Dayie, Xavier Cheseto, Baldwyn Torto

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Background: Thymol as a natural biological template can be modified chemically since the hydroxyl group makes it a candidate for structural modification. Thus, this study incorporated the triazole moiety on thymol and the chlorination of thymol moiety to help improve its biological potency. Materials and methods: A series of ten 1,2,3-triazole-thymol derivatives 1–10 were synthesized from thymol, by a click reaction between O-propargyl terminal alkyne of thymol and its chlorothymol with benzyl azide and substituted benzyl azides. Their structures were confirmed by spectroscopic methods (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, IR, GC-MS-EI/CI and LC-ESI-QTOF-MS). The Well diffusion method using Müeller-Hinton agar plates was used …

Drivers Of The Taxonomie And Functional Diversity, And Functional Composition Of Fungal Endophyte Communities In Crucifers, Junhui Chen, Hafiz Sohaib Ahmed Saqib, Komivi Senyo Akutse, Feiying Yang, Xiaolu Wu, Xiaofeng Xia, Liande Wang, Mark S. Goettel, Minsheng You, Geoff M. Gurr

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Ecological traits that filter the occurrence of species and functional groups responding to environmental and other variables are keys to the assembly processes of communities, but little is currently known about these processes for endophytic fungi. A trophic-based joint species distribution model was applied to endophyte occurrence by 110 crucifer-inhabiting fungal species isolated from Brassica rapa, Raphanus sativus and Brassica oleracea, from 21 sites with different landscape compositions and pesticide use over four seasons. We investigated the responses of taxonomie diversity, function diversity and functional composition. Season, plant identity and plant part were significant factors in shaping all indices. Elevation …

Genetic Diversity, Distribution, And Genomic Characterization Of Antibiotic Resistance And Virulence Of Clinical Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Strains In Kenya, Shahiid Kiyaga, Cecilia Kyany'a, Angela W. Muraya, Hunter J. Smith, Emma G. Mills, Caleb Kibet, Gerald Mboowa, Lillian Musila

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading cause of nosocomial infections worldwide. It can produce a range of debilitating infections, have a propensity for developing antimicrobial resistance, and present with a variety of potent virulence factors. This study investigated the sequence types (ST), phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, and resistance and virulence genes among clinical isolates from urinary tract and skin and soft tissue infections. Fifty-six P. aeruginosa clinical isolates were obtained from six medical centers across five counties in Kenya between 2015 and 2020. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed to conduct genomic characterization, sequence typing, and phylogenetic analysis of the isolates. Results …

Ifn-Γ Increases The Expression Of Sars-Cov-2 Receptors On Vero E6 Cells, Bindu Madhavi Madabattula

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Respiratory epithelial cells are the initial target for SARS-CoV-2 infection. IFN-γ is known to increase the expression of ACE-2, an initial receptor for SARS-CoV-2, on epithelial cells. This study focuses on examining the effect of IFN-γ for ACE-2, TMPRSS2, and neuropilin-1 on Vero E6 cells using two immunofluorescence methods, namely, direct (membrane) fluorescence method and Cytation5 method. Direct fluorescence was determined using an Accu-Scope and ImageJ analysis. Using this method, significance (p<0.023) was observed only for ACE-2 when Vero E6 cells were treated with IFN-γ. Cytation5 fluorescence was determined using a Bio-tek Cytation5 plate reader. The results showed that IFN-γ significantly increased (p<0.001) the expression of ACE-2, neuropilin-1, and TMPRSS2. These results indicate Cytation5 is a more sensitive method for determining the expression of receptors on Vero E6 cells. The elevated levels of SARS-CoV-2 receptors expression resulting from IFN-γ treatment makes the epithelial cells more susceptible targets of SARS-CoV-2 infection. IFN-γ is most likely provided by innate immune cells in the initial COVID-19 infection, consequently contributing to the severity of disease.

Consistency Is Futile!: Selecting Phycoremediators For Consortia, Tori Spencer

BIO 410 Spring 2019 Research Papers

Bioremediation is the process by which organisms remove and transform toxic compounds in a contaminated source. This is a waste management technique currently used to clean up man-made contamination. Many organisms act as natural remediators; in the case of algae, they are called phycoremediators who perform phycoremediaton. The term algae encompasses a variety of taxonomic groups and their diversity is still being realized; there are over 44,000 named species of the 72,000 species that we have identified. Some estimates calculate that there are over 200,000 diatom species alone. This diversity continues to be difficult to organize, which is problematic for …

Microbiome And Bacterioplankton Rrna Gene Sequence Data Collected From Gulf Of Mexico Seawater Samples, Cruises Dp03 And Dp04 From April - August 2016, Cole Easson, Lindsey Freed

DEEPEND Datasets

Seawater was collected and filtered for microbiome and bacterioplankton sequencing and analyses at various depths during planned DEEPEND cruise expeditions to the GOM in 2016. Filters were stored and then processed for total environmental genomic DNA according to standard methods (see earthmicrobiome.org). 16S rRNA amplicon libraries covering the V4 hypervariable regions were generated with universal PCR primers and then sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq DNA sequencing platform. Raw paired-end sequences were joined and quality filtered in the bioinformatics program, QIIME. Vertical baseline characterizations will track alpha and beta diversity at different depths ranging from 0 – 1500 m, assess seasonal …

Molecular Assisted Identification Reveals Hidden Red Algae Diversity From The Burica Peninsula, Pacific Panama, David Wilson Freshwater, Jennifer N. Idol, Seth L. Parham, Cindy Fernández-García, Noemi León, Paul W. Gabrielson, Brian Wysor

Arts & Sciences Faculty Publications

The marine flora of Panama harbors a rich diversity of green, red and brown algae, and despite chronic understudy, it is reported as the second most diverse marine flora along the Pacific Central American coast, with 174 macroalgal species. Extensive new collections and molecular assisted identification (MAI) by an international team of researchers has revealed an even greater diversity for this country. Here, the intertidal and shallow subtidal marine flora of the remote Burica Peninsula is introduced. This area is characterized by an uplifted extensive intertidal flat composed of firm, sedimentary benthos known as mudrock, on which abundant algal communities …

Microbiome And Bacterioplankton Rrna Gene Sequence Data Collected From Gulf Of Mexico Seawater Samples, Cruises Dp01 And Dp02 From May 2015 - August 2015, Cole Easson, Jose V. Lopez

DEEPEND Datasets

Seawater was collected and filtered for microbiome and bacterioplankton sequencing and analyses at various depths during two planned DEEPEND cruise expeditions to the GOM. Filters were stored and then processed for total environmental genomic DNA according to standard methods (see earthmicrobiome.org). 16S rRNA amplicon libraries covering the V4 hypervariable region was generated with universal PCR primers and then sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq DNA sequencing platform. Bioinformatics analyses in QIIME and R was used to quality filter and assess microbial community diversity and taxonomic composition. These baseline characterizations track alpha and beta diversity at different depths ranging from 0 – …

Genetic Markers Associated With Resistance To Beta-Lactam And Quinolone Antimicrobials In Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Isolates From Humans And Animals In Central Ethiopia, Tadesse Eguale, Josephine Birungi, Daniel Asrat, Moses N. Njahira, Joyce Njuguna, Wondwossen A. Gebreyes, John S. Gunn, Appolinaire Djikeng, Ephrem Engidawork

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Background: Beta-lactam and quinolone antimicrobials are commonly used for treatment of infections caused by non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) and other pathogens. Resistance to these classes of antimicrobials has increased significantly in the recent years. However, little is known on the genetic basis of resistance to these drugs in Salmonella isolates from Ethiopia. Methods: Salmonella isolates with reduced susceptibility to beta-lactams (n=43) were tested for genes encoding for beta-lactamase enzymes, and those resistant to quinolones (n=29) for mutations in the quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR) as well as plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes using PCR and sequencing. Results: Beta-lactamase genes (bla) …

Scanning Labyrinthulomycete Genomes For Yeast Transcription Factor Binding Site Motifs, Jackie L. Collier, Joshua Rest

Interdisciplinary Research Data

To develop broadly useful methods for the genetic manipulation of Labyrinthulomycetes (a diverse group of ubiquitous osmoheterotrophic marine protists), it is essential to understand the similarities and differences in regulation of gene expression among them. Toward this end we have used FIMO from the MEME suite (http://meme-suite.org/doc/fimo.html) to identify potential transcription factor binding sites in each of the three available genome sequences: Aplanochytrium kerguelense PBS07, Schizochytrium aggregatum ATCC 28209, and Aurantiochytrium limacinum ATCC MYA-1381

Effect Of Time Duration Of Digestion/Decontamination Technique On Yield Of Mycobacteria And Contamination Rates From Sterile Body Fluids (Pleural And Ascitic Fluid) And Pus Specimens, Samreen Shafiq, Faryal Saleem, Kauser Jabeen, Joveria Farooqi, Warda Alam, Sadia Hanif, Shazia Ali, Sadia Shakoor, Rumina Hasan

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Background:
Duration of digestion/decontamination has a considerable impact on yield of mycobacteria especially from sterile body fluids and pus specimens. Additionally, duration of digestion/decontamination affects the contamination rates. This study evaluates the effect of digestion/decontamination protocol for 15 and 20min versus inoculation of media directly from the sample on contamination rates as well as the yield of mycobacteria from pus and sterile fluids other than cerebrospinal fluids.
Methods:
Pleural fluid (n=60), pus (n=48) and ascitic fluid (n=12) specimens were cultured for mycobacteria and evaluated for contamination and mycobacterial yield using three different processing methodologies: without digestion/decontamination with 5% NaOH-NALC (D/D), …

Phi X 174, David J. Hall

Infectious Pathogens

Phi X 174 database number # 1CD3. Phi X 174 is a virus that infects bacteria and was the first DNA-based genome to be sequenced in 1977. This bacteriophage has a [+] circular single-stranded DNA genome. The assembly of the capsid has been successfully done in vitro and is the focus of many studies on self-assembly, drug delivery and nanotechnology.

Dengue Virus, David J. Hall

Infectious Pathogens

Dengue virus, database # 1THD Dengue fever, is an infectious tropical disease caused by the dengue virus and transmitted by mosquito. Symptoms include fever, headache, muscle and joint pains, and a characteristic skin rash that is similar to measles. In a small proportion of cases the disease develops into the life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever. Dengue is a positive strand RNA virus that is part of the flavivirus family. Dengue is an enveloped virus meaning it has a nucleocapsid protecting the RNA and the nucleocapsid is surrounded by lipids (hence the name enveloped).

Human Papilloma Virus 16, David J. Hall

Infectious Pathogens

Human Papilloma virus 16, database# 1DZL Infection by most papillomaviruses is either asymptomatic or causes small benign tumors, known as papillomas or warts (e.g. human papillomavirus HPV6 or HPV11). Papillomas caused by some types, however, such as human papillomaviruses 16 and 18, carry a risk of becoming cancerous. Human papilloma virus is a non-enveloped, double stranded, circular DNA virus.

Hepatitis B, David J. Hall

Infectious Pathogens

Hepatitis B, database # 2g33. Hepatitis B is an infectious inflammatory illness of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a member of the Hepadnavirus family.The virus particle, (virion) consists of an outer lipid envelope and an icosahedral nucleocapsid core composed of protein. These virions are 42 nM in diameter. The nucleocapsid encloses the viral DNA and a DNA polymerase that has reverse transcriptase activity.

Mycoplasma Feriruminatoris Sp. Nov., A Fast Growing Mycoplasma Species Isolated From Wild Caprinae, Joerg Jores, Anne Fischer, Pascal Sirand-Pugnet, Andreas Thomann, Elisabeth M. Liebler-Tenorio, Christiane Schnee, Ivette Santana-Cruz, Martin Heller, Joachim Frey

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Five Mycoplasma strains from wild Caprinae were analyzed: four from Alpine ibex (Capra ibex) which died at the Berlin Zoo between 1993 and 1994, one from a Rocky Mountain goat collected in the USA prior to 1987. These five strains represented a population different from the populations belonging to the 'Mycoplasma mycoides cluster' as tested using multi locus sequence typing, Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene (rrs), genomic sequence based in silico as well as laboratory DNA-DNA hybridization, and the analysis of phenotypic traits in particular their exceptionally …

Histologic Findings In Biopsies/Resection Specimens From The Small Intestine With Special Emphasis On Celiac Disease: Experience From A Developing Country In South Asia, Huma Arshad, Zubair Ahmad

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Biopsies from the small intestine especially the duodenum are now being performed much more frequently than in the past. The most frequent reason for performing duodenal biopsies is to evaluate for malabsorption. In the last few years, increased awareness has resulted in more biopsies sent for evaluation of malabsorption, especially celiac disease (CD). In the duodenum, features of malabsorption (increased intraepithelial lymphocytes, villous shortening, and atrophy) were the most common histologic finding seen in 63.4% of cases. Serum tTG levels were available for correlation in 52.8% of cases. In patients with confirmed CD, 53.4% were MARSH IIIb, and 29.5% were …

Expression Of Chromosomally Insertedbacillus Thuringiensis Israelensistoxin Genes Inbacillus Sphaericus, E. Bar, N. Sandler, M. Makayoto, A. Keynan

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Bacillus thuringiensis israelensisδ-endotoxin genes were inserted into transposon Tn917in plasmid pTV51Ts and cloned into the chromosome ofBacillus sphaericus2362. Many of the transformants reacted with antibody to the 135-, 128-, 65-, and 28-kDaB.t.israelensistoxin proteins and were approximately 10 times more toxic toA. aegyptilarvae than the untransformed host. Some of the transformants differed physiologically and morphologically from the wild-typeB. sphaericus.The toxicity of the transformed phenotype was maintained through many transfers in the absence of selective pressure. © 1998 Academic Press.