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Articles 91 - 120 of 302
Full-Text Articles in Kinesiology
The Acute Effects Of Patterned Electrical Neuromuscular Stimulation On Quadriceps Torque Production And Motor Unit Recruitment, John A. Derington
The Acute Effects Of Patterned Electrical Neuromuscular Stimulation On Quadriceps Torque Production And Motor Unit Recruitment, John A. Derington
Theses and Dissertations
Electric muscle stimulation (EMS) has been widely used in the rehabilitation of musculoskeletal injuries. Patterned electrical neuromuscular stimulation (PENS), a specific form of EMS, has been developed to better educate muscles to contract properly. The physiological efficacy of PENS has not been quantifiably identified. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to determine the acute effect of one PENS training session (3 sets of 10 1-sec repetitions) on maximal isometric knee extensor (MVIC) torque production and surface EMG (sEMG) in healthy nonathlete college students. DESIGN: A randomized repeated-measures design was used in this study. METHODS: Twenty-two male college students participated …
The Effect Of Egoscue Corrective Exercises On Chronic Knee And Hip Pain, Zachary Vehrs
The Effect Of Egoscue Corrective Exercises On Chronic Knee And Hip Pain, Zachary Vehrs
Theses and Dissertations
INTRODUCTION: While strengthening and aerobic exercise have been shown to decrease chronic knee and hip pain, little is known about the effectiveness of Egoscue corrective exercises, which are intended to reduce musculoskeletal pain by bringing the body into postural alignment. PURPOSE: An experimental study to determine the acute effect following one treatment and the short-term effect after a 2 week program of Egoscue corrective exercises on knee pain, hip pain, and whole-body postural alignment. METHODS: Forty participants with chronic knee and/or hip pain (defined as pain on most days of the week for at least the previous 12 weeks) were …
Effects Of Tens On Voluntary Quadriceps Activation And Vertical Ground Reaction Force During Walking In Subjects With Experimental Knee Pain, Seong Jun Son
Theses and Dissertations
Context: Knee pain is a common symptom in knee pathology and is associated with alterations in quadriceps activation and movement patterns. Reducing pain through intervention may help reestablish neuromuscular function. The independent effects of knee pain are difficult to examine and unclear. Objective: To investigate the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on quadriceps activation and vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) during walking. Design: Crossover. Setting: Laboratory. Subjects: 15 in the TENS group (10M and 5F, 23.5 ± 2.8 yrs, 70.5 ± 12.5 kg, 178.1 ± 7.4 cm), and 15 in the sham group (10M and 5F, 22.5 ± …
The Influence Of Ambulation Speed And Corresponding Mechanical Variables On Articular Cartilage Metabolism, W. Matt Denning
The Influence Of Ambulation Speed And Corresponding Mechanical Variables On Articular Cartilage Metabolism, W. Matt Denning
Theses and Dissertations
During ambulation, lower-extremity joint angles and net moments influence knee joint load. It is unclear which mechanical variables most strongly correlate with acute articular cartilage (AC) catabolism in response to ambulation. Purpose: To determine which mechanical variables are most strongly correlated to acute AC catabolism, and to test the acute effect of ambulation speed on AC catabolism, while controlling for load frequency. Methods: 18 able-bodied subjects (9 male, 9 female; age = 23 ± 2 y; mass = 68.3 ± 9.6 kg; height = 1.70 ± 0.08 m) completed three separate ambulation sessions: slow (preferred walking speed), medium (+50% of …
The Acute Effects Of Whole-Body Corrective Exercise On Postural Alignment, Nicole Renee Rencher
The Acute Effects Of Whole-Body Corrective Exercise On Postural Alignment, Nicole Renee Rencher
Theses and Dissertations
This study examined the acute effects of whole-body corrective exercise on postural alignment in a sample of 50 male participants (18-30 y) displaying asymmetrical postural deviations. All participants were randomly assigned to either a non-exercise control (n = 25) or corrective exercise treatment (n = 25) group. A three-dimensional motion analysis Vicon system was employed to quantify standing postural alignment at the beginning and end of a 6 d study. Postural misalignments were determined in degrees of symmetry (tilt) and rotation using horizontal and vertical virtual plumb lines for the following locations: hip (ASIS), leg (greater trochanter), shoulder (acromion process), …
The Effect Of Interval Training On Resting Blood Pressure, Camilla May Nielson
The Effect Of Interval Training On Resting Blood Pressure, Camilla May Nielson
Theses and Dissertations
Purpose: An experimental study to examine the effects of CardioWaves interval training (IT) and continuous training (CT) on resting blood pressure, resting heart rate, and mind-body wellness. Methods: Fifty-two normotensive (blood pressure <120/80 mmHg), pre-hypertensive (120-139/80-89 mmHg), and hypertensive (>140/90 mmHg) participants were randomly assigned and equally divided between the IT and CT groups. Both groups participated in the assigned exercise protocol thirty minutes per day, four days per week for eight weeks. Resting blood pressure, resting heart rate, and mind-body wellness were measured pre- and post-intervention. Results: A total of 47 participants (15 females and 32 males) were included in the analysis. The IT group had …
Achilles Tendon Changes In Downhill, Level And Uphill Running, Katy Andrews Neves
Achilles Tendon Changes In Downhill, Level And Uphill Running, Katy Andrews Neves
Theses and Dissertations
In this study, we examined how hill running affects the Achilles tendon, which is a common location for injuries in runners. Twenty females ran for 10 min on three randomly selected grades (-6%, 0%, +6%). Achilles tendon (AT) cross-sectional area (CSA) was imaged using Doppler ultrasound and peak vertical forces were analyzed using high-speed (240 Hz) videography. A metabolic cart and gas analyzer ensured a similar metabolic cost across grades. Data were analyzed using a forward selection regression. Results showed a decrease in AT CSA from pre-run to post-run (p = .0001). Peak vertical forces were different across grades (p …
The Influence Of Three Progressively Higher Step Recommendations On The Prevention Of Weight Gain In College Women, Bruce Bailey
The Influence Of Three Progressively Higher Step Recommendations On The Prevention Of Weight Gain In College Women, Bruce Bailey
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The study was student run and multiple students were involved. Students were involved in all aspect of this study, which included design, participant recruitment, data collection, database management, implementing the study protocol, data analysis, and we are working on disseminating the findings. Students had opportunities to lead and mentor other students. One graduate student and 2 undergraduate students served as supervisors for the study. Training went top down. Supervisors met with me and then they trained and ran the study. I oversaw all training and meet with all students from the study frequently. In addition to experience in research and …
The Effects That Cold Applications To The Ankle Have On Vertical Jump, Kendall J. Card, Dr. Kenneth Knight
The Effects That Cold Applications To The Ankle Have On Vertical Jump, Kendall J. Card, Dr. Kenneth Knight
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Cold applications are commonly used prior to strenuous physical activities due to hypalgesic effects and benefits (1). In addition to hypalgesic uses, injured athletes are often treated with cold to control inflammation. Researchers have looked into the different facets of cryotherapy, particularly applications involving the ankle due to its extremely high injury rate. Cooling the foot, ankle and/or triceps surae will yield no negative affects with regards to functional agility immediately following the application (2). Actual performance(specifically vertical jump, which is widely used basketball, volleyball, soccer, and track) following cold applications has not yet been studied. Therefore, the purpose of …
Morphological Adaptation To Human Skeletal Muscle Following Four Weeks Of Resistance Training: Influence Of Gender, Kurt Niepraschk, Dr. Allen Parcell
Morphological Adaptation To Human Skeletal Muscle Following Four Weeks Of Resistance Training: Influence Of Gender, Kurt Niepraschk, Dr. Allen Parcell
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Human muscle has important individual characteristics and variations. We have looked at these individual characteristics and more importantly, the specific muscle fibers. These muscle fibers can be divided into two major types; slow twitch (Type I) and fast twitch (Type IIa and IIb) fibers. On average most muscles are composed of 50 percent Type I fibers and 25 percent each of Type IIa and IIb fibers. It is these fiber types that help the researchers determine a variety of things about the subjects’ abilities to succeed in specific areas of sport. Each person has different percentages of these different muscle …
A Comparison Of Surface And Deep Temperature Changes Using Ice And Chemical Cold Packs, Steven Allen Bernards, Dr. Kenneth Knight
A Comparison Of Surface And Deep Temperature Changes Using Ice And Chemical Cold Packs, Steven Allen Bernards, Dr. Kenneth Knight
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Cryotherapy (cold therapy) is the use of ice or cold in the immediate care of acute musculoskeletal injuries such as sprains or contusions. When ice or another temperature lowering product is applied soon after an injury, pain, swelling, and secondary hypoxic injury are minimized. Secondary hypoxic injury occurs when swelling and damage to the local vascular system causes healthy cells near the damaged tissue to suffer a lack of oxygen and die (3,4). The key to reducing secondary hypoxic injury is to decrease metabolism (6), which is a function of decreased temperature (1).
Dietary Fiber Intake And Body Fat Percentage In Middle-Age Women, Jared M. Tucker, Dr. Larry A. Tucker
Dietary Fiber Intake And Body Fat Percentage In Middle-Age Women, Jared M. Tucker, Dr. Larry A. Tucker
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Obesity is a big problem in the United States. The National Center for Health Statistics indicates that more than one in every three American adults is either overweight or obese. Unfortunately, individuals with excess body weight, and especially excess body fat, are at high risk for many health problems, including coronary heart disease, Type II diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and several cancers. Obesity also leads to premature mortality, with more than 300,000 deaths in the United States due to obesity every year.
Comparison Of Automated Event Detection Algorithms In Pathological Gait, Dustin A. Bruening, Sarah Trager Ridge
Comparison Of Automated Event Detection Algorithms In Pathological Gait, Dustin A. Bruening, Sarah Trager Ridge
Faculty Publications
Accurate automated event detection is important in increasing the efficiency and utility of instrumented gait analysis. Published automated event detection algorithms, however, have had limited testing on pathological populations, particularly those where force measurements are not available or reliable. In this study we first postulated robust definitions of gait events that were subsequently used to compare kinematic based event detection algorithms across difficult pathologies. We hypothesized that algorithm accuracy would vary by gait pattern, and that accurate event detection could be accomplished by first visually classifying the gait pattern, and subsequently choosing the most appropriate algorithm. Nine published kinematic event …
The Acute Effects Of Whole-Body Vibration Training On Passive And Dynamic Flexibility In Gymnasts, Caisa Nicole Brooks
The Acute Effects Of Whole-Body Vibration Training On Passive And Dynamic Flexibility In Gymnasts, Caisa Nicole Brooks
Theses and Dissertations
Gymnasts must attain extreme ranges of flexibility to execute performance requirements, thus effective stretching proves vital to advancement in the sport. This study examined the acute effects of whole-body vibration (WBV) on passive and dynamic flexibility in young, female gymnasts. Participants (n = 27, Junior Olympic levels 5-10) served as their own control. Measurements of passive and dynamic flexibility were obtained using the TOPS forward split testing method to examine passive flexibility and dynamic flexibility was measured via split jumps that were analyzed with video and Dartfish software. According to randomized order, all participants completed a stretching protocol either with …
Pharmacokinetics Of Dexamethasone Delivered Via Iontophoresis, Justin Holbrook Rigby
Pharmacokinetics Of Dexamethasone Delivered Via Iontophoresis, Justin Holbrook Rigby
Theses and Dissertations
Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Objectives: To determine the time course of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (Dex-P) iontophoresis delivery to underlying tissues using microdialysis. Background: The efficacy of iontophoresis at delivering Dex-P through the skin is unknown in humans because of the lack of minimally invasive measurement techniques. Methods: Sixty-four healthy male participants (age = 24.4 ± 3.3 yrs, height = 71.8 ± 2.5 in, weight = 181.8 ± 26.1 lbs) were randomly assigned into one of six groups: 1) 1 mA current, 1 mm probes depth ; 2) 1 mA current, 4 mm probes depth; 3) 2 mA current, 1 …
Seasonal Changes In Body Composition, Block Jump, Attack Jump And Lower Body Power Index In Male Collegiate Volleyball Players, Geoffrey W. Loomis
Seasonal Changes In Body Composition, Block Jump, Attack Jump And Lower Body Power Index In Male Collegiate Volleyball Players, Geoffrey W. Loomis
Theses and Dissertations
Jumping ability in volleyball players is crucial to a team's success. There are both muscular and neural components in jumping. Coaches often test jumping ability and body composition prior to the start of the competitive season, but many fail to monitor these important variables during the course of the season. Jumping ability can decrease over the course of the season as the focus moves from strength training in the weight room to skill development on the court. It is imperative that players maintain their jumping ability and body composition over the course of the season. Seasonal changes in elite-male volleyball …
Regulation Of The Myostatin Protein In Overload-Induced Hypertrophied Rat Skeletal Muscle, Paige Abriel Affleck
Regulation Of The Myostatin Protein In Overload-Induced Hypertrophied Rat Skeletal Muscle, Paige Abriel Affleck
Theses and Dissertations
Myostatin (GDF-8) is the chief chalone in skeletal muscle and negatively controls adult skeletal muscle growth. The role of myostatin during overload-induced hypertrophy of adult muscle is unclear. We tested the hypothesis that overloaded adult rodent skeletal muscle would result in reduced myostatin protein levels. Overload-induced hypertrophy was accomplished by unilateral tenotomy of the gastrocnemius tendon in male adult Sprague-Dawley rats followed by a two-week period of compensatory overload of the plantaris and soleus muscles. Western blot analysis was performed to evaluate changes in active, latent and precursor myostatin protein levels. Significant hypertrophy was noted in the plantaris (494 ± …
The Association Between Dairy Consumption And Insulin Resistance, Andrea Rose Erickson
The Association Between Dairy Consumption And Insulin Resistance, Andrea Rose Erickson
Theses and Dissertations
Background: A cross-sectional design was employed to ascertain the relationship between dairy consumption and insulin resistance (IR) in 272 middle-aged, nondiabetic women. Methods: Participants kept a seven-day weighed food record to report their diets, including consumption of dairy foods. IR was assessed using the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA), using the following formula: fasting plasma insulin (µU/ml) x fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)/405. The Bod Pod was used to examine body fat percentage, and accelerometry over a seven-day period was used to assess physical activity. HOMA values were log-transformed and regression analysis and the General Linear Model procedure were used to determine …
The Relationship Between Television Viewing Time And Cardiorespiratory Fitness In Adult Women, Peter Jacob Arens
The Relationship Between Television Viewing Time And Cardiorespiratory Fitness In Adult Women, Peter Jacob Arens
Theses and Dissertations
Purpose: The present investigation was conducted to assess the relationship between television viewing time and cardiorespiratory fitness. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Intermountain West. Participants: 302 middle-aged women. Method: TV viewing was assessed using a questionnaire. Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured using a maximal graded treadmill test. Physical activity (PA) was evaluated using Actigraph accelerometers worn over seven consecutive days, while body fat percentage (BF%) was measured using air displacement plethysmography (Bod Pod). Results: (Mean ± SD) age: 40.2 ± 3.0 years. VO2max of the frequent (≥ 3hrs/day) TV group (32.6 ± 6.4) was significantly lower than both the moderate (1-2 hrs/day) (36.2 …
The Implication Of Title Ix Legislation On Women’S Athletics At Brigham Young University, Daniel C. Swinton, Barbara Lockhart
The Implication Of Title Ix Legislation On Women’S Athletics At Brigham Young University, Daniel C. Swinton, Barbara Lockhart
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 has helped educational institutions throughout the country draw closer to gender equity in all facets of education. Much of Title IX is accepted and praised, but a hotly debated area having to do with interpreting and implementing the law, is intercollegiate athletics. The court’s interpretations require proportionality and progress in complying with Title IX and many schools — in fact, the vast majority — continue to struggle to meet the law’s demands. Brigham Young University is among them and in the past ten years, the school’s athletic department has undergone a number …
Assessing Current Awareness And Behaviors Of Those At Risk For Multiple Sclerosis, Kristin A. Prusse, Dr. Michael Barnes
Assessing Current Awareness And Behaviors Of Those At Risk For Multiple Sclerosis, Kristin A. Prusse, Dr. Michael Barnes
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system. Multiple sclerosis is characterized by the destruction of the myelin sheath, which surrounds and insulates the nerve fibers in the brain and spinal cord. This destruction forms plaques of damaged tissue in the brain causing nerve impulses to be slowed or halted. MS is now the most common cause of neurological disability in young adults. However, in many cases, this disease goes misdiagnosed for several years, which delays treatments that can help manage symptoms and slow the progression of the disease. It then becomes important for those …
Single Fiber Myosin Heavy Chain Response To Eight Weeks Of Sprint Cycle Training, Nathan Miller, Dr. Allen Parcell
Single Fiber Myosin Heavy Chain Response To Eight Weeks Of Sprint Cycle Training, Nathan Miller, Dr. Allen Parcell
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Research has given us an increased understanding of skeletal muscle. We have learned that skeletal muscle function is influenced by neural, biochemical, molecular, and biomechanical factors. As our understanding of these factors increases so does our ability to facilitate positive adaptations in muscle function.
Self-Optimization Of Stride Length In Uphill Running, Erin K. Nasson, Dr. Iain Hunter
Self-Optimization Of Stride Length In Uphill Running, Erin K. Nasson, Dr. Iain Hunter
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The economy of running is very important to both competitive and recreational runners. A runner wants to perform as economically as possible to minimize metabolic costs and in order to do this the running technique must be optimized. To minimize metabolic costs refers to ones oxygen uptake, which is the amount of oxygen that is consumed throughout an activity. When large amounts of oxygen are used, the athlete will fatigue in a shorter amount of time so by minimizing the oxygen uptake, one will be able to increase the time to fatigue. Optimizing technique is something that we all do …
The Effect Of Diathermy And Stretch On The Flexibility Of The Hamstring In A Population Of 48.4 + 12.3 Years, Sheldon Knight, Dr. Brent Feland
The Effect Of Diathermy And Stretch On The Flexibility Of The Hamstring In A Population Of 48.4 + 12.3 Years, Sheldon Knight, Dr. Brent Feland
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Many studies have compared the different variable of stretching: duration of stretch, intensity of stretch, method, frequency, and modalities with stretch (i.e. heat and or cold). Stretching has been shown to improve flexibility, or increase range of motion, injury prevention, enhance muscle performance, promotion of healing, and possibly decreased symptoms of delayed onset muscle soreness, and improved running economy. Modalities—heat and or cold—combined with stretch have provided varied results with flexibility. Heat with stretching may or may not provide adequate results. In some studies, cold with stretch was found to be more beneficial than heat with stretch. Few studies have …
Identifying Barriers To Patient Recruitment In Community Randomized Clinical Trials, Evan L. Thacker, Dr. Ray M. Merrill
Identifying Barriers To Patient Recruitment In Community Randomized Clinical Trials, Evan L. Thacker, Dr. Ray M. Merrill
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are the final testing phase for new medical procedures or treatments in human subjects. A common problem in community-based RCTs is low participation. Researchers have sought to identify barriers to RCT recruitment by measuring knowledge and attitudes about RCTs. Most studies focus on subjects already involved in clinical trials or subjects who were invited to participate in clinical trials but declined. Our research addresses recruitment barriers in a broader context, by studying knowledge and attitudes among the general public, including individuals who have never participated in a RCT.
Chronic Physical Activity And Resting Blood Pressure In Adult Women, Jared Tucker, Dr. Larry Tucker
Chronic Physical Activity And Resting Blood Pressure In Adult Women, Jared Tucker, Dr. Larry Tucker
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Heart disease has been the leading killer in America for almost a century.1 Currently, heart disease takes the life of nearly one in every three Americans.2 Because of the epidemic proportions of heart disease, research directed at preventing this serious problem continues to expand.
Dry And Moist Heat Application And The Subsequent Rise In Tissue Temperatures, Christena Wood, Dr. Kenneth L. Knight
Dry And Moist Heat Application And The Subsequent Rise In Tissue Temperatures, Christena Wood, Dr. Kenneth L. Knight
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Is an electric hot pad as effective as a hydrocollator pack in heating tissue?
The Effect Of Prior Knowledge Of Pain Rating And Socialization On Habituation To Cold-Induced Pain, Brady Whetten, Dr. Ken Knight
The Effect Of Prior Knowledge Of Pain Rating And Socialization On Habituation To Cold-Induced Pain, Brady Whetten, Dr. Ken Knight
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Cryokinetics is a popular tool for rehabilitating acute joint sprains. It involves numbing the limb with ice water immersion, followed by active exercise, repeated for a total of five bouts (8). The major limitation of this therapy is that the cold immersion necessary to induce numbness is quite painful during the initial immersion. Clinical experience shows that the sensation of pain decreases after repeated bouts. Research to confirm this observation, however, has shown either no habituation (6) or a slower rate of habituation (7) than indicated by clinical observation.
A Comparison Of Two Sock Types On Navicular Drop And Center Of Pressure Measurements In Standing, Walking, And Running, Ashlee Taylor
A Comparison Of Two Sock Types On Navicular Drop And Center Of Pressure Measurements In Standing, Walking, And Running, Ashlee Taylor
Theses and Dissertations
Introduction: The New Balance Core Low Cut Sock (New Balance Athletic Shoe, Inc. · Boston, MA United States) is one of many arch support socks out in the market. These socks have an elastic portion, called a Stability Fit Arch Support & Hold technology, which has been incorporated into the arch area of the sock. The company makes the following claim that the socks provide, "Gentle compression to support the arch, relieving arch-related pain and discomfort."1 If these socks do provide adequate arch support, then they would allow individuals the ability to have an inexpensive method of arch support that …
Benefits Of Neuromuscular And Plyometric Training In Injury Prevention And Performance Enhancement, Bethanie Evans, David Kaiser
Benefits Of Neuromuscular And Plyometric Training In Injury Prevention And Performance Enhancement, Bethanie Evans, David Kaiser
Journal of Undergraduate Research
A greater incidence of ACL injuries in women compared to men may stem from complex, interrelated factors, including hamstring-quadriceps strength imbalances, joint laxity, and neuromuscular deficits. While congenital joint laxity cannot be reversed, both hamstring/quadriceps imbalances and neuromuscular deficits have been shown to improve with functional neuromuscular training.1,2,3 Consequently, research needs to be conducted to quantitatively measure the changes to hamstring/quadriceps strength ratio as a result of neuromuscular functional training.