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Two Stamped Amphora Handles From Ḥorbat Nazur (Pp. 125–126), Donald T. Ariel

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Two stamped amphora handles of the Rhodian class were discovered in Area B at Ḥorbat Nazur. Both date to the second–third centuries CE.

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Ḥorbat Nazur: Settlement Remains From The Iron Age Through The Hellenistic Period And An Industrial Area From The Byzantine Period (With Contributions By Roni Tuag And Varda Sussman) (Hebrew, Pp. 63–97; English Summary, Pp. 156–159), Eli Yannai

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Five excavation areas were investigated at Ḥorbat Nazur, between Naḥal ‘Iron in the north and Naḥal Narbeta in the south. In Areas A and B the remains of a massive building, dating from the Hellenistic or possibly the Persian period, were uncovered. Area C was probably part of the agricultural hinterland of the settlement, revealing various installations, terrace walls and fences of unknown date. In Area E, two burial caves, quarries and a winepress were unearthed, alldating to the Byzantine period.

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The Beads From Tomb 80 In The ‘En Esur Cemetery (Pp. 115–119), Amir Golani

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Twenty-four beads were recovered from Tomb 80 in the ‘En Esur cemetery. These were divided into three groups according to their material: stone, faience and shell. The beads are typical of, but not exclusive to, the Early Bronze Age.

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Human Skeletal Remains From Tomb 80 In The ‘En Esur Cemetery (Pp. 121–124), Yossi Nagar

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The human skeletal remains from Tomb 80 in the ‘En Esur cemetery indicate that a minimum number of 94 individuals were buried there during Early Bronze Age I. The life expectancy calculated for the interred seems to support the excavators' hypothesis concerning their lower socio-economic status.

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Petrographic Analysis Of Pottery From The Early Bronze Age Tomb 80 In The ‘En Esur Cemetery (Pp. 113–114), Anat Cohen-Weinberger

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The petrographic analysis of the pottery finds within Tomb 80 in the ‘En Esur cemetery point to their local nature, as suggested by the excavators. The raw material used for all these samples is unidentified marl and the non-plastic components reflect the geological environment of the site.

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An Early Bronze Age Tomb Of The ‘Common People’(?) In The ‘En Esur (‘Ein Asawir) Cemetery (Pp. 85–112), Amir Gorzalczany, Jacob Sharvit

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Within the boundaries of the ancient cemeteries associated with the protohistoric settlement of ‘En Esur, another tomb (T80), dated to EB IB–EB II, was discovered. A close examination of the burial gifts reveals a notable regionalism, in contrast with the imported and luxurygoodsdiscovered in other tombs in the ‘En Esur cemeteries. The local nature of the finds and lack of prestige items, as well as the anthropological analysis of the interred, might suggest that a less-affluent group of people was buried here.

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Faunal Remains From Tel Malot (East) (Pp. 83–84), Ron Kehati

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A small assemblage of 36 animal bone fragments was retrievedfrom loci dating to the Pottery Neolithic period and the Middle and Late Bronze Ages at Tel Malot (East). The predominant species were sheep and goats, exploited for husbandry and for secondary products at the site, and probably also for meat.

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Petrographic Results Of Middle Bronze Age Pottery From A Kiln At Tel Malot (East) (Pp. 79–81), Anat Cohen-Weinberger

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Seven vessels retrieved from inside the Middle Bronze Age II kiln at Tel Malot were sampled and petrographically studied. The significance of conducting a petrographic analysis of pottery found in a kiln lies in the reference data it providesconcerning local production. The analysis of thepotsherds from the MB II kiln at Tel Malot indicates that the raw materials were obtained locally.

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Remains From The Late Prehistoric To Early Islamic Periods At The Foot Of Tel Malot (East) (Pp. 25–77), Giora Parnos, Ianir Milevski, Hamoudi Khalaily

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This report presents the results of two separate salvage excavations conducted east of Tel Malot in the region of ‘Emeq Ayyalon. The earliest presence at the site dates to the early Pottery Neolithic period, comprising an occupation horizon and pits. Several other pits contained artifacts of the Chalcolithic period. The excavated area was also settledduring Middle Bronze Age II, and possibly through Late Bronze Age I, when the area served for agricultural and industrial activities. Remains from the Iron Age and Persian period are meager. A winepress from the Hellenistic period suggests the existence of a farming community at the …

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Prehistoric Investigations Along The Cross-Israel Highway: State Of Research (Pp. 5–23), Hamoudi Khalaily, Ofer Marder

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Prehistoric research along the Cross-Israel Highway was undertaken from the earliest planning stages of the archaeological surveys along the intended route. During this survey, much data was accumulated concerning site function, economics, intra-site interaction etc. In the systematic survey and the subsequent excavations, 31 prehistoric sites were identified, dating from the Lower Paleolithic period to the Chalcolithic period, covering a time span of c. 500,000 years. This review presents a brief description of the surveyed and excavated sites for which there is available data, as well as a comparison with other sites from the same period.

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Archaeological Surveys And Excavations Along The Cross-Israel Highway: An Introduction (Pp. 3–4), Eli Yannai

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Archaeological investigations along the Cross-Israel Highway were conducted in several stages. First, the main tells along the projected route were marked and the route was planned to bypass them; then, comprehensive surveys commenced, during which allsites were documented, including recommendations as to which of them should be excavated and to what extent. Trial excavations followed, in cooperation with the archaeological institutes of the universities. Subsequently,salvage excavations were conducted in accordance with the data retrieved from the surveys and trial excavations. The intensive surveys and excavations along the Cross-Israel Highway revealed sites that had been hitherto unknown and, in addition, providedimportant …

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The Cross-Israel Highway And Archaeological Research (Pp. 1–2), Reuven Levon

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The Cross-Israel Highway project was initiated in 1992. From the start, it was clear that archaeological research would play an important part in the planning andsubsequent construction of the road. The exceptional professional cooperation between the Israel Antiquities Authority and the Cross-Israel Highway Company assured the preservation of ournational heritage, while furthering the paving of the highway.

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A Seventh-Century Bce Site Near Tel ‘En Zippori (Pp. 15–25), Aviram Oshri, Zvi Gal

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The Small tell of ‘En Zippori is located in a fertile valley, near the cluster of springs known as ‘Ayanot Zippori. Meager structural remains were uncovered at the site, revealing a one-stratum occupation, dated to the seventh–early sixth centuries BCE. The pottery, found in situ on the bedrock floor and covered with ash, exhibits both coastal and inland ceramic traditions, including typical Iron Age II forms and later Persian-period types. The site underwent a violent destruction, probably during the Assyrian campaign led by Tiglath Pileser III, and was subsequently abandoned.

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Coins From The Late Byzantine Remains Near Shiqmona (Pp. 219–223), Robert Kool

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The coins from Shiqmona were uncovered in the remains of the monastery, the buildings, within the winepress and on the surface above the winepress. Out of the fifteen identified coins, fourteen date to one continuous period, from the early fourth century until the reign of the Byzantine emperor Justinian II; one is an Ayyubid copper fals. Comparison with the numismatic evidence from previous excavations at Shiqmona, in 1994 and 1998, shows similarities in periodization and types of coins in circulation.

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Bones From The Late Byzantine Remains Near Shiqmona (Pp. 225–226), Vered Eshed

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Human skeletal remains, in a poor state of preservation, were retrieved from the burial caves at Shiqmona. Sex and age estimations are presented according to caves.

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Pottery From The Late Byzantine Remains Near Shiqmona (Pp. 183–208), Rivka Calderon

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The pottery from the Byzantine monastery near Shiqmona was found in three loci, sealed beneath the chapel floor; they date the construction of the floor to the sixth–seventh centuries CE. The finds from the buildings include bases with impressed decorations—male figures, a rabbit and a cross—common in the late fifth–early sixth centuries CE. The pottery from the winepress was found in the collecting pits, which later became waste dumps, comprising vessels from the sixth century CE, most of which continued until the seventh century. The finds from the tombs, although robbed or disturbed prior to the excavation, also date to …

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Glass From The Late Byzantine Remains Near Shiqmona (Pp. 209–218), Yael Gorin-Rosen

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The excavation at Shiqmona yielded 425 glass fragments of local types, known from almost all nearby sites, as well as production waste. The finds from this excavation are probably connected with the glass production activity encountered in many sites in the area of the Haifa bay and Mount Carmel, attesting to the prosperity of this craft in the area during the Late Roman and Byzantine periods.

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Late Byzantine Remains Near Shiqmona: A Monastery, A Cemetery And A Winepress (Pp. 147–182), Raz Kletter

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Excavation at the site of Shiqmona, east of the Tel Aviv–Haifa highway, revealed finds from the late Byzantine period, including a monastery, a large winepress, a dozen rock-cut tombs and two large buildings. The monastery is a large building, incorporating the chapel excavated by Makhouly in 1940, which was re-discovered. The monastery was dated on the basis of the meager pottery finds to the sixth century CE. North and south of the chapel were found marble and stone fragments, probably originating from the chapel, adorned with motifs known from mosaics of the same period. The finds here point that Shiqmona …

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Coin Hoard From A Fourth-Century Ce Shipwreck Off The Carmel Coast (Pp. 137–145), Donald T. Ariel

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A total of 75 coins, dated to a quite restricted period within the fourth century CE, were most probably part of a hoard. All the coins are copper folles denomination; most of them derive from western mints, particularly Rome, as would be expected for the first quarter of the fourth century CE in the southern Levant. This hoard conforms to the currency inland.

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Coin Hoard From A Third-Century Ce Shipwreck Off The Carmel Coast (Pp. 111–135), Ya'akov Meshorer

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Some 162 coins were retrieved from the shipwreck site off the Carmel coast, originating from a third-century CE ship. The hoard consists of 71 silver coins, 86 bronze coins, three billon and two lead tesserae. Dominating the hoard are 68 Roman denars, dating from Claudius to Marcus Aurelius. The coin hoard allows us to easily trace the route of the wrecked ship. It apparently sailed from Alexandria and anchored along the Mediterranean Sea at Ashqelon, Jaffa, Caesarea Maritima, ‘Akko-Ptolemais, Tyre, Berytus, Antioch and the southern coast of Asia Minor, and from there to Rome via Greece.

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Artifact Assemblages From Two Roman Shipwrecks Off The Carmel Coast (Pp. 61–110), Ehud Galili, Baruch Rosen, Jacob Sharvit

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Rescue operations on the shallow seabed off the Carmel coast retrieved ancient artifacts from two Roman-period shipwrecks. More than 1000 metal objects were retrieved, including nails, lead sheathing, anchors, lead rings, fishing gear, netting tools, figurines, jewelry and various other daily implements used onboard. Scores of silver and bronze coins attributable to two hoards were found, indicating that two ship wreckages occurred at the site: one during the third century CE and the other during the fourth century CE.

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Four Pottery Assemblages From The Southern Slope Of Mount Scopus, Jerusalem (Pp. 45–59), Anna De Vincenz

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The pottery finds from the excavation on the southern slope of Mount Scopus consist of vessel types characteristic of Jerusalem during Iron Age II and the Early Roman, Byzantine and Ottoman periods. The finds discussed were found in the Quarry, the miqveh, within Burial Cave 1 and from the Ottoman-period watchtower.

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Iron Age I Tombs In The Azor Cemetery (With A Contribution By Anat Cohen-Weinberger) (Hebrew, Pp. 17–40; English Summary, Pp. 231–232), Aviva Buchennino, Eli Yannai

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Within the boundaries of the ancient cemetery at Azor several Iron Age I tombs were discovered. The tombs represent four burial types: pits, burial jars, mudbrick-built tombs and cist graves lined with kurkar slabs. The burial offerings comprise local wares, as well as imported vessels, some dating from Late Bronze Age IIB. Also uncovered at the site were a refuse pit from the Byzantine–Umayyad periods and thirteen tombs, probably from the Ottoman period.

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Iron-Age Quarries, Second Temple-Period Installations And An Ottoman Watchtower On The Southern Slope Of Mount Scopus, Jerusalem (Pp. 27–43), Amit Re’Em

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The southern slope of Mount Scopus is characterized by soft white limestone, which served in ancient times for hewing tombs and quarrying stones. Within one of the quarries, installations dating to the Second Temple period were exposed, post-dating the quarrying activity, which should be attributed to the Iron Age. The tombs documented on the slopes of Mount Scopus are of the loculi type, belonging to the northern necropolis of Jerusalem in the late Second Temple period. Based on the plan of the tombs, as well as the ossuaries and pottery finds found within one of them, it appears that they …

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Middle Bronze Age Ii Remains At Khirbat ‘Addasa (Hebrew, Pp. 1–16; English Summary, Pp. 229–230), Zvi Greenhut, Zubair 'Adawi

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At Khirbat ‘Addasa, some 8 km north of the city of Jerusalem, fragmentary architectural remains were uncovered, dating to Middle Bronze Age II. The pottery assemblage yielded vessel types characteristic of the rural habitation in the central mountain region. The site joins contemporary sites to its north and west, all of which were small open settlements.

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Settlement Remains From The Bronze And Iron Ages At Ḥorbat Menorim (El-Manara), Lower Galilee (Pp. 1–14), Karen Covello-Paran

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The previously unexcavated site of Ḥorbat Menorim overlooks the Sea of Galilee and enjoys several springs located on its slopes. Three strata were exposed at the site, including well-preserved architectural elements dating to Early Bronze Age I and Iron Age IIA. Pottery dating from the Intermediate Bronze Age and Middle Bronze Age IIB was found as well. The EB I and Iron IIA pottery assemblages closely connect the site to the region of the Yavne’el Valley, to sites such as Tel Yin‘am and Tel Adami. It seems that the location of the site on the passage of the caravan route …

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Or ‘Aqivq: Remains Of A Farming Complex And Irrigation System From The End Of The Byzantine–Beginning Of The Early Islamic Periods In The Agricultural Hinterlandof Caesarea (Hebrew, Pp. 49–60; English Summary, Pp. 133–134), Uzi Ad

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Salvage excavations in the northern industrial zone of Or ‘Aqiva unearthed a complex belonging to the agricultural hinterland of Caesarea during the late Byzantine–Early Islamic periods. The complex included a building, a well, a water channel, a large round plaza and walls that delimited paths in the cultivated area. The finds included pottery, glass vessels and coins, mainly dating to the late Byzantine–Early Islamic periods. The architectural finds and the impressive size of the round plaza imply that the complex was built under state initiative. The irrigation system exposed here is the fist evidence of agricultural activity in a region …

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A Burial Complex From The Roman Period In Ancient Haifa (With Contributions By Donaldt. Ariel And Yossi Nagar) (Hebrew, Pp. 1–11; English Summary, Pp. 197–198), Shalom Yanklevitz

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Within the boundaries of Ancient Haifa (Haifa el-‘Atiqa) a burial cave was exposed, hewn in the kurkar rock. Two burial chambers and the remains of two others survived, entered through a courtyard. Chamber 1 was well-preserved, containing eight burial troughs hewn in two arcosolia and an additional trough near the entrance. The cave was dated based on the finds within Chamber 1, including coins, to the fourth–sixth centuries CE; it served for burial up to the seventh century CE. The cave was probably part of the Jewish cemetery of Haifa during the Roman and Byzantine periods.

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The Tel Tanninim Aqueduct (Channel E) From The Byzantine Period (Hebrew, Pp. 13–24; English Summary, Pp. 199–200), Yosef Porath

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A section of an aqueduct (Channel E), which led water to the Byzantine settlement and monastery(?) at Tel Tanninim, was found some seventy meters west of the High Aqueduct to Caesarea. New data concerning the water level in the Lower Aqueduct to Caesarea dismissed the previous hypothesis that the Lower Aqueduct was the water source of Channel E. The results of several surveys and excavations pertaining to the question of the water source of Channel E, point to the High Aqueduct to Caesarea as its water source. Excavations clearly showed that Channel E was built in two stages: first a …

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A Coastal Rural Occupation Of The Medieval Period At ‘En Gev (Pp. 177–191), Hervé Barbé

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In a salvage excavation conducted south of Kibbutz ‘En Gev, two building phases were observed. The early building remains were constructed prior to the Medieval period, while the later construction was dated to the Medieval period, comprising two complexes. The pottery finds date from the Roman, Byzantine, Early Islamic, Medieval and Ottoman periods. The exposed building complexes are part of a rural occupation on the eastern coast of the Sea of Galilee during the Medieval period, which existed from the twelfth through the fourteenth centuries CE.

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Full-Text Articles in Agriculture

Two Stamped Amphora Handles From Ḥorbat Nazur (Pp. 125–126), Donald T. Ariel

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Ḥorbat Nazur: Settlement Remains From The Iron Age Through The Hellenistic Period And An Industrial Area From The Byzantine Period (With Contributions By Roni Tuag And Varda Sussman) (Hebrew, Pp. 63*–97*; English Summary, Pp. 156–159), Eli Yannai

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The Beads From Tomb 80 In The ‘En Esur Cemetery (Pp. 115–119), Amir Golani

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Human Skeletal Remains From Tomb 80 In The ‘En Esur Cemetery (Pp. 121–124), Yossi Nagar

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Petrographic Analysis Of Pottery From The Early Bronze Age Tomb 80 In The ‘En Esur Cemetery (Pp. 113–114), Anat Cohen-Weinberger

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An Early Bronze Age Tomb Of The ‘Common People’(?) In The ‘En Esur (‘Ein Asawir) Cemetery (Pp. 85–112), Amir Gorzalczany, Jacob Sharvit

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Faunal Remains From Tel Malot (East) (Pp. 83–84), Ron Kehati

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Petrographic Results Of Middle Bronze Age Pottery From A Kiln At Tel Malot (East) (Pp. 79–81), Anat Cohen-Weinberger

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Remains From The Late Prehistoric To Early Islamic Periods At The Foot Of Tel Malot (East) (Pp. 25–77), Giora Parnos, Ianir Milevski, Hamoudi Khalaily

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Prehistoric Investigations Along The Cross-Israel Highway: State Of Research (Pp. 5–23), Hamoudi Khalaily, Ofer Marder

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Archaeological Surveys And Excavations Along The Cross-Israel Highway: An Introduction (Pp. 3–4), Eli Yannai

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The Cross-Israel Highway And Archaeological Research (Pp. 1–2), Reuven Levon

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A Seventh-Century Bce Site Near Tel ‘En Zippori (Pp. 15–25), Aviram Oshri, Zvi Gal

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Coins From The Late Byzantine Remains Near Shiqmona (Pp. 219–223), Robert Kool

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Bones From The Late Byzantine Remains Near Shiqmona (Pp. 225–226), Vered Eshed

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Pottery From The Late Byzantine Remains Near Shiqmona (Pp. 183–208), Rivka Calderon

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Glass From The Late Byzantine Remains Near Shiqmona (Pp. 209–218), Yael Gorin-Rosen

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Late Byzantine Remains Near Shiqmona: A Monastery, A Cemetery And A Winepress (Pp. 147–182), Raz Kletter

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Coin Hoard From A Fourth-Century Ce Shipwreck Off The Carmel Coast (Pp. 137–145), Donald T. Ariel

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Coin Hoard From A Third-Century Ce Shipwreck Off The Carmel Coast (Pp. 111–135), Ya'akov Meshorer

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Artifact Assemblages From Two Roman Shipwrecks Off The Carmel Coast (Pp. 61–110), Ehud Galili, Baruch Rosen, Jacob Sharvit

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Four Pottery Assemblages From The Southern Slope Of Mount Scopus, Jerusalem (Pp. 45–59), Anna De Vincenz

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Iron Age I Tombs In The Azor Cemetery (With A Contribution By Anat Cohen-Weinberger) (Hebrew, Pp. 17*–40*; English Summary, Pp. 231–232), Aviva Buchennino, Eli Yannai

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Iron-Age Quarries, Second Temple-Period Installations And An Ottoman Watchtower On The Southern Slope Of Mount Scopus, Jerusalem (Pp. 27–43), Amit Re’Em

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Middle Bronze Age Ii Remains At Khirbat ‘Addasa (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–16*; English Summary, Pp. 229–230), Zvi Greenhut, Zubair 'Adawi

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Settlement Remains From The Bronze And Iron Ages At Ḥorbat Menorim (El-Manara), Lower Galilee (Pp. 1–14), Karen Covello-Paran

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Or ‘Aqivq: Remains Of A Farming Complex And Irrigation System From The End Of The Byzantine–Beginning Of The Early Islamic Periods In The Agricultural Hinterlandof Caesarea (Hebrew, Pp. 49*–60*; English Summary, Pp. 133–134), Uzi Ad

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A Burial Complex From The Roman Period In Ancient Haifa (With Contributions By Donaldt. Ariel And Yossi Nagar) (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–11*; English Summary, Pp. 197–198), Shalom Yanklevitz

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The Tel Tanninim Aqueduct (Channel E) From The Byzantine Period (Hebrew, Pp. 13*–24*; English Summary, Pp. 199–200), Yosef Porath

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A Coastal Rural Occupation Of The Medieval Period At ‘En Gev (Pp. 177–191), Hervé Barbé

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Ḥorbat Nazur: Settlement Remains From The Iron Age Through The Hellenistic Period And An Industrial Area From The Byzantine Period (With Contributions By Roni Tuag And Varda Sussman) (Hebrew, Pp. 63–97; English Summary, Pp. 156–159), Eli Yannai

Iron Age I Tombs In The Azor Cemetery (With A Contribution By Anat Cohen-Weinberger) (Hebrew, Pp. 17–40; English Summary, Pp. 231–232), Aviva Buchennino, Eli Yannai

Middle Bronze Age Ii Remains At Khirbat ‘Addasa (Hebrew, Pp. 1–16; English Summary, Pp. 229–230), Zvi Greenhut, Zubair 'Adawi

Or ‘Aqivq: Remains Of A Farming Complex And Irrigation System From The End Of The Byzantine–Beginning Of The Early Islamic Periods In The Agricultural Hinterlandof Caesarea (Hebrew, Pp. 49–60; English Summary, Pp. 133–134), Uzi Ad

A Burial Complex From The Roman Period In Ancient Haifa (With Contributions By Donaldt. Ariel And Yossi Nagar) (Hebrew, Pp. 1–11; English Summary, Pp. 197–198), Shalom Yanklevitz

The Tel Tanninim Aqueduct (Channel E) From The Byzantine Period (Hebrew, Pp. 13–24; English Summary, Pp. 199–200), Yosef Porath