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Articles 1981 - 2010 of 33337

Full-Text Articles in Agriculture

A Coin Wrapped In Cloth From Elqosh (Pp. 193–194), Fanny Vitto Jan 2025

A Coin Wrapped In Cloth From Elqosh (Pp. 193–194), Fanny Vitto

'Atiqot

A coin wrapped in cloth was found in a Roman-period burial cave at Elqosh. The coin was published in the previous volume of ‘Atiqot (No. 59), however, its photograph was not published. The coin is presented here once again with its photograph and a short discussion.

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A Byzantine Church At Qiryat Ata(With A Contribution By Ariel Berman) (Pp. 165–176), Fanny Vitto Jan 2025

A Byzantine Church At Qiryat Ata(With A Contribution By Ariel Berman) (Pp. 165–176), Fanny Vitto

'Atiqot

Part of a Byzantine-period church was revealed during an excavation conducted at Qiryat Ata. The church was basilical in plan, oriented roughly eastward. The nave was paved with a polychrome mosaic, exhibiting a geometric pattern that was dated on stylistic grounds to the second half of the sixth century CE. Small limestone fragments decorated with geometric motifs were found on the mosaic floor, probably belonging to a chancel screen. The finds included pottery and glass vessels of Late Byzantine date. The church probably belongs to a rather prosperous settlement that existed within the present limits of Qiryat Ata.

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A Late Third–Fourth-Century Ce Burial Cave On Remez Street, Qiryat Ata (With A Contribution By Gabriela Bijovsky) (Pp. 131–164), Fanny Vitto Jan 2025

A Late Third–Fourth-Century Ce Burial Cave On Remez Street, Qiryat Ata (With A Contribution By Gabriela Bijovsky) (Pp. 131–164), Fanny Vitto

'Atiqot

Excavations in a rock-cut burial cave at Qiryat Ata yielded numerous finds, including pottery coffins, lamps, pottery and glass vessels, jewelry and coins, dating to the Late Roman period. This type of cave, containing six loculi (kokhim) and an arcosolium, does not appear in the Galilee before the late second–third centuries CE. The discovery of jewelry items and coins in the cave probably point to the Pagan identity of the interred. The coins discovered in the cave seem to indicate the pagan belief of paying the ferryman Charon an obol for crossing to the netherworld. Several other Late Roman-period caves …

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Four Hebrew Seals, One Depicting And Assyrian-Like Archer, From The Western Wall Plaza Excavations, Jerusalem (Pp. 115–129), Tallay Ornan, Shlomit Weksler-Bdolah, Zvi Greenhut, Benjamin Sass, Yuval Goren Jan 2025

Four Hebrew Seals, One Depicting And Assyrian-Like Archer, From The Western Wall Plaza Excavations, Jerusalem (Pp. 115–129), Tallay Ornan, Shlomit Weksler-Bdolah, Zvi Greenhut, Benjamin Sass, Yuval Goren

'Atiqot

Four Hebrew seals were unearthed in an Iron Age II building excavated opposite the Western Wall, Jerusalem. All four seals are inscribed in Hebrew of the eighth–seventh centuries BCE, but each was executed by a different ‘hand’. One of the seals (No. 4) exhibits the image of a standing archer, inspired by Assyrian imagery, depicted here for the first time on a seal with a Hebrew inscription. The seals, and the pottery found in association with them, indicate that the building belonged to people of an upper class, possibly holding a high rank in the kingdom of Judah.

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Middle Bronze Age Ii And Late Bronze Age Ii Burials At Tel Afeq (Tell Qurdana) In The ‘Akko Plain (Pp. 93–114), Dina Shalem Jan 2025

Middle Bronze Age Ii And Late Bronze Age Ii Burials At Tel Afeq (Tell Qurdana) In The ‘Akko Plain (Pp. 93–114), Dina Shalem

'Atiqot

Situated in the south of the ‘Akko plain, Tel Afeq (Tell Qurdana) revealed a number of burial caves, cut into chalk-like bedrock during Middle Bronze Age IIA and reused during Late Bronze Age II. The pottery assemblage mainly consists of well-known vessel types, dating to the Early, Middle and Late Bronze Ages. The pottery finds dating to MB IIA are characteristic of the region, while the LB II assemblage presents both local types and imports, such as Cypriot ‘milk bowls’ and bilbils, and a few Mycenaean vessels. The caves were most probably part of a cemetery of a settlement on …

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The Flint Assemblage From Naḥal Rimmonim (Pp. 75–77), Hamoudi Khalaily Jan 2025

The Flint Assemblage From Naḥal Rimmonim (Pp. 75–77), Hamoudi Khalaily

'Atiqot

Excavations at the site of Naḥal Rimmonim yielded 146 flint artifacts, twenty percent of which are tools. The tools are of typical types, spanning a long period of time, dating from the Early Bronze Age, the Intermediate Bronze Age and the Middle Bronze Age.

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Rock-Cut Tombs From The Intermediate Bronze And Iron Ages At Kafr Kama, Lower Galilee (Pp. 79–91), Karen Covello-Paran Jan 2025

Rock-Cut Tombs From The Intermediate Bronze And Iron Ages At Kafr Kama, Lower Galilee (Pp. 79–91), Karen Covello-Paran

'Atiqot

A three-meter-wide trench, cut in the southern outskirts of Kafr Kama, exposed part of an ancient cemetery that was in use during the Intermediate Bronze and Iron Ages. Ten rock-hewn shaft tombs were documented; most of them were only partially excavated. The finds within the tombs primarily included pottery vessels. Tomb X yielded a bronze dagger, probably dating to the Intermediate Bronze Age. Evidence for the settlements, whose inhabitants buried their dead in the excavated tombs, is still missing.

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A Bronze Age Site At Naḥal Rimmonim In The Jeareel Valley (Pp. 53–74), Karen Covello-Paran Jan 2025

A Bronze Age Site At Naḥal Rimmonim In The Jeareel Valley (Pp. 53–74), Karen Covello-Paran

'Atiqot

In salvage excavations carried out at the site of Naḥal Rimmonin, in the southwestern part of the Jezreel Valley, three superimposed strata were revealed: two dating from the Intermediate Bronze Age and one, to Middle Bronze Age IIA. The pottery repertoire of the Intermediate Bronze Age is typical of contemporary sites in the Jezreel Valley, dominated by bowls, holemouths, cooking pots and storage jars; flint tools were found as well. The MB IIA stratum revealed a domestic structure, beneath the floors of which were interments of infants. The pottery assemblage from this period represents two archaeological contexts: accumulations and burials. …

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The Early Bronze Age Site Of Ashqelon, Afridar—Area M (With Contributions By Hamoudi Khalaily, Moshe Sade And Elisabetta Boaretto) (Pp. 19–51), Amir Golani Jan 2025

The Early Bronze Age Site Of Ashqelon, Afridar—Area M (With Contributions By Hamoudi Khalaily, Moshe Sade And Elisabetta Boaretto) (Pp. 19–51), Amir Golani

'Atiqot

Two strata dating to Early Bronze Age IA were discerned in Area M in the Afridar neighborhood at Ashqelon. Both EB IA strata revealed settlement remains, featuring typical curvilinear architecture; however, the earlier buildings were built of stone, while the later ones were made of mudbricks. The Stratum I habitation level contained several copper-melting installations. The pottery assemblage is characteristic of EB IA in southwestern Canaan, including V-shaped bowls and holemouth jars. Also found were ground-stone artifacts and flint tools, dominated by the Canaanean Industry.

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A Chalcolithic Burial Near Ḥorbat Govit In Lower Galilee (With A Contribution By Hamoudi Khalaily) (Pp. 1–18), Edwin C.M. Van Den Brink, Catherine Commenge Jan 2025

A Chalcolithic Burial Near Ḥorbat Govit In Lower Galilee (With A Contribution By Hamoudi Khalaily) (Pp. 1–18), Edwin C.M. Van Den Brink, Catherine Commenge

'Atiqot

Excavations within a rock shelter opposite Ḥorbat Govit in the Lower Galilee uncovered two strata dating to the Chalcolithic period. The pottery finds of the earlier Stratum 2 were of domestic types. In Stratum 1, the rock shelter was reused for the burial of one individual, surrounded by funerary gifts typical of the Late Chalcolithic period, including V-shaped bowls, basins and holemouth jars. These finding are important with regard to the scarcity of Late Chalcolithic dwelling and burial sites in the Lower Galilee.

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The Glass Finds From Khirbat El-Baṭiya (Triangulation Spot 819) (Hebrew, Pp. 29*–36*; English Summary, Pp. 198–199), Yael Gorin-Rosen Jan 2025

The Glass Finds From Khirbat El-Baṭiya (Triangulation Spot 819) (Hebrew, Pp. 29*–36*; English Summary, Pp. 198–199), Yael Gorin-Rosen

'Atiqot

Fragments of gold-glass tiles were retrieved from the excavation, together with well-known vessel types from the late Byzantine–Early Islamic periods. It is the first time that gold-glass tiles were found in situ. The glass vessels include a beaker/bowl, wineglasses and a bottle, as well as an exceptional mold-blown cosmetic flask from medieval times. The gold-glass tiles were probably part of the decoration of the Stratum I building, which was connected with a monastery or a church.

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The Excavation At Khirbat El-Baṭiya (Triangulation Spot 819) (Hebrew, Pp. 21*–28*; English Summary, Pp. 197–198), Hanaa Abu ‘Uqsa Jan 2025

The Excavation At Khirbat El-Baṭiya (Triangulation Spot 819) (Hebrew, Pp. 21*–28*; English Summary, Pp. 197–198), Hanaa Abu ‘Uqsa

'Atiqot

The western part of a large building was exposed, dating to the end of the Byzantine period. Two main strata were observed (I, II). Stratum Ia included the remains of a dry-built building, constructed from finely dressed limestone blocks arranged in headers and stretchers. The floors were paved with stone slabs, and the walls were probably coated with plaster. The finds from this phase date to the fifth–sixth centuries CE. Stratum Ib represents slight modifications that were carried out in the building. In Stratum II the building continued to be used, mainly in the southern part. A jug and a …

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The Coins From Khirbat Marmita (P. 179), Helena Sokolov Jan 2025

The Coins From Khirbat Marmita (P. 179), Helena Sokolov

'Atiqot

Five coins were found at Khirbat Marmita, all of bronze. Three of the coins date to the reigns of Antiochus VII, Alexander Jannaeus and Nero; one is from the second year of the Jewish Revolt; and one is from the fifth century CE.

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Kisra (Hebrew, Pp. 9*–19*; English Summary, Pp. 196–197), Hanaa Abu ‘Uqsa Jan 2025

Kisra (Hebrew, Pp. 9*–19*; English Summary, Pp. 196–197), Hanaa Abu ‘Uqsa

'Atiqot

Two areas were excavated. In Area A, three strata were uncovered, from the Hellenistic, Byzantine and Crusader/Mamluk periods, alongside pottery from the Roman period. The Byzantine-period building housed an oil press installation, which was put out of use by a conflagration. In Area B, two strata were observed, from the Byzantine and Crusader/Mamluk periods.

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Excavations At Khirbat Marmita (Pp. 139–178), Lilly Gershuny Jan 2025

Excavations At Khirbat Marmita (Pp. 139–178), Lilly Gershuny

'Atiqot

Three building complexes were uncovered at the site, as well as various installations that were quarried into bedrock. The buildings date from the first half of the first century BCE (Building 20/23), from the Hellenistic–Early Roman period (Building 84) and from the Herodian period (c. 30 to at least 67 CE; Building 104). Among the installations were five simple winepresses, typical of the Roman and Byzantine periods; a lever-and-weights oil press; cisterns with square or circular shafts; 33 cupmarks; caves; quarries; and a miqweh. The finds include pottery vessels, stone and basalt vases, glass vessels and metal artifacts. It seems …

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An Iron Age Pottery Assemblage From Underground Chambers At Jatt (Tel Gat) (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–7*; English Summary, P. 195), Michael Cohen Jan 2025

An Iron Age Pottery Assemblage From Underground Chambers At Jatt (Tel Gat) (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–7*; English Summary, P. 195), Michael Cohen

'Atiqot

Pottery vessels dating to Iron Age II were recovered from four underground units. They belong to a single ceramic assemblage, comprising bowls, kraters, cooking pots, jars, a jug and a lamp, indicating that they originated in dwellings. The vessels are characteristic of the northern coastal plain, dating primarily to the second half of the tenth–beginning of the ninth centuries BCE. This small-scale excavation sheds light on this early phase of occupation at Tell Jatt. The purpose of the underground units was not determined.

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Archaeozoological Finds From The Excavations West Of Tell Qasille (Pp. 135–137), Moshe Sade Jan 2025

Archaeozoological Finds From The Excavations West Of Tell Qasille (Pp. 135–137), Moshe Sade

'Atiqot

Animal bones were found inside four of the tombs dated to Middle Bronze Age II. Each tomb contained the remains of one sheep/goat, usually within vessels. It seems that the people at this site raised cattle. A large number of donkey bones were also found. Sea shells were also present, probably due to the proximity of the site to the Mediterranean shore. Many animal bones were found in the Hellenistic-period assemblage.

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Anthropological Remains From A Middle Bronze Age Ii Site West Of Tell Qasille (Pp. 133–134), Yossi Nagar Jan 2025

Anthropological Remains From A Middle Bronze Age Ii Site West Of Tell Qasille (Pp. 133–134), Yossi Nagar

'Atiqot

The human skeletal remains from the Middle Bronze Age II graves were fragmentary, in a poor state of preservation. At least 26 individuals were identified, including infants, children, sub-adults and adults of both sexes, indicating a normal civilian population.

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Petrographic Analysis Of Pottery From A Middle Bronze Age Ii Site West Of Tell Qasille (Pp. 129–131), Anat Cohen-Weinberger Jan 2025

Petrographic Analysis Of Pottery From A Middle Bronze Age Ii Site West Of Tell Qasille (Pp. 129–131), Anat Cohen-Weinberger

'Atiqot

In this study, 32 vessels were examined from the Middle Bronze Age II settlement, tombs and kilns to determine the nature of the raw materials. Most of the samples were related to the same petrographic group, the nature of which points to a coastal origin. The results of this study suggest a homogenous raw material for the examined assemblage.

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A Middle Bronze Age Ii Site West Of Tell Qasille (Pp. 65–128), Raz Kletter Jan 2025

A Middle Bronze Age Ii Site West Of Tell Qasille (Pp. 65–128), Raz Kletter

'Atiqot

The site remains comprise a cemetery, two pottery kilns and a settlement dating to Middle Bronze Age II. Ten burials were excavated, all except one (T800) were rectangular pit-graves dug into kurkar sandstone. Each grave contained one to three individuals; T800, which was round, contained seven individuals in secondary deposition. The average grave assemblage comprised about ten pottery vessels, which were usually placed in a row next to one long side of the burial. The pottery kilns are almost identical in size, direction and structure. They are of the vertical type, with two main superimposed parts: a combustion chamber and …

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A Chalcolithic Burial Cave At Eṭ-Ṭaiyiba (Pp. 1–44), Eli Yannai Jan 2025

A Chalcolithic Burial Cave At Eṭ-Ṭaiyiba (Pp. 1–44), Eli Yannai

'Atiqot

The cave, hewn in soft limestone, is of an irregular oval shape, with high margins that served as benches. A minimum of 38 ossuaries were found in the cave, some open and box-shaped, others closed and house-shaped; ossuary jars and kraters were also found. The ossuaries were decorated with plastic ornamentation, depicting pegs, noses, eyes and rope decoration, as well as painted ornamentation in various patterns, e.g., triangles, lines and arches. Funerary goods included only pottery vessels characteristic of the Chalcolithic period: V-shaped bowls, cornets, amphoriskoi, fenestrated pedestal bowls and cylindrical stands. It seems that the people buried in the …

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Chalcolithic Burial Sites At Ma‘Abarot And Tel Ifshar (Pp. 45–63), Yosef Porath Jan 2025

Chalcolithic Burial Sites At Ma‘Abarot And Tel Ifshar (Pp. 45–63), Yosef Porath

'Atiqot

The two burial sites are located in the Sharon plain, south and north of Naḥal Alexander. The kidney-shaped cave at Ma‘abarot was hewn in the kurkar sandstone. All the burials in the cave were secondary. Of the 63 burials identified, 42 were placed in three types of ceramic vessels—house-shaped ossuaries, chest-shaped ossuaries and large domestic kraters—and 21, in ‘bone heaps’. The finds consisted of pottery vessels typical of the Chalcolithic period, e.g., V-shaped bowls and fenestrated bowls and bottles, and a flake from a flint digging tool. At Tel Ifshar, two burial places were discovered, both damaged by infrastructure work. …

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El-Qubab (Hebrew, Pp. 55*–67*; English Summary, P. 239), Miki Ein Gedy Jan 2025

El-Qubab (Hebrew, Pp. 55*–67*; English Summary, P. 239), Miki Ein Gedy

'Atiqot

The site is located on the western side of the Ayyalon Valley. Four excavation areas were opened, exposing meager architectural remains, mainly comprising wall foundations dated to the Late Ottoman period. Some of the finds were dated between the Byzantine period and the Middle Ages. Most of the pottery finds (studied by Miriam Avissar) date from the Late Ottoman period (nineteenth century CE). Apparently, the site was occupied from the Byzantine period until 1948.

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The Northern City Wall Of Jerusalem On The Eve Of The First Crusade (Excavations At The ‘Jordanian Garden’) (Hebrew, Pp. 49*–53*; English Summary, P. 238), Gaby Mazor Jan 2025

The Northern City Wall Of Jerusalem On The Eve Of The First Crusade (Excavations At The ‘Jordanian Garden’) (Hebrew, Pp. 49*–53*; English Summary, P. 238), Gaby Mazor

'Atiqot

An excavation conducted to the east of Damascus Gate exposed the remains of a rampart and a moat, which had been dug into earlier, Second-Temple period quarries. Remains of a rampart and a moat, documented elsewhere along the Ottoman city wall, were mentioned as being part of the northern extra muros fortification system in various medieval sources describing the Crusader siege of Jerusalem in 1099. Therefore, they must have been constructed some time earlier by the Seljuks (1073–1098).

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Building Fragments Of The Early Islamic Period On Ha-Gedud Ha-‘Ivri Street In Ramla (Hebrew, Pp. 39*–47*; English Summary, Pp. 237–238), Hervé Barbé Jan 2025

Building Fragments Of The Early Islamic Period On Ha-Gedud Ha-‘Ivri Street In Ramla (Hebrew, Pp. 39*–47*; English Summary, Pp. 237–238), Hervé Barbé

'Atiqot

Meager architectural remains were exposed: wall segments, without floors, belonging to two phases dating to the Early Islamic period, and the foundation channel of what appears to have been a massive Crusader building. The stones of the later building were robbed in the Late Ottoman period. The pottery finds (studied by Miriam Avissar) date to the Early Islamic (second half of eighth–tenth centuries CE) and Crusader periods. Fragments of vessels from the Late Ottoman period were documented as well.

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The Glass Finds From Ḥorbat Hermas (Hebrew, Pp. 33*–35*; English Summary, P. 236), Yael Gorin-Rosen Jan 2025

The Glass Finds From Ḥorbat Hermas (Hebrew, Pp. 33*–35*; English Summary, P. 236), Yael Gorin-Rosen

'Atiqot

The excavation at Ḥorbat Hermas yielded 91 glass fragments, 50% of which were diagnostic. Remains of a glass industry were also noticed in rather large quantities, including fragments of furnace walls, raw glass chunks and wasters. It seems that a glass workshop operated at the site during the Byzantine and beginning of the Umayyad periods.

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The Coins From Ḥorbat Hermas (Hebrew, Pp. 37*–38*; English Summary, P. 237), Robert Kool Jan 2025

The Coins From Ḥorbat Hermas (Hebrew, Pp. 37*–38*; English Summary, P. 237), Robert Kool

'Atiqot

Ten coins were uncovered in the excavation at Ḥorbat Hermas, six were identified. Their dates range between the second–third and the fourteenth centuries CE.

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Ḥorbat Hermas (Hebrew, Pp. 19*–31*; English Summary, Pp. 235–236), Ofer Sion, Giora Parnos Jan 2025

Ḥorbat Hermas (Hebrew, Pp. 19*–31*; English Summary, Pp. 235–236), Ofer Sion, Giora Parnos

'Atiqot

At the site, located north of the Reḥovot–Yavne road, fragments of poorly preserved domestic structures and various installations were observed. The architectural finds relate to three strata, dating from the Persian (Stratum III), Roman–Byzantine (Stratum II) and Byzantine–Early Islamic (Stratum I) periods. The extent of the settlement is unknown; however, based on finds from previous excavations at the site, it seems to have been a large settlement in the late Byzantine–Early Islamic periods.

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Human Skeletal Remains From Ḥorbat Ma’Aravim (Hebrew, Pp. 7*–17*; English Summary, Pp. 234–235), Yossi Nagar Jan 2025

Human Skeletal Remains From Ḥorbat Ma’Aravim (Hebrew, Pp. 7*–17*; English Summary, Pp. 234–235), Yossi Nagar

'Atiqot

Human skeletal remains were found in 83 cist graves in the Byzantine-period cemetery of Ḥorbat Ma’aravim. At least 121 individuals were identified, including infants, children and adults of both sexes, as is expected in a normal civilian population. The morphological characteristics of the skulls indicate a local desert population, perhaps Nabatean in origin.

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A Greek Inscription From Tel Ashdod (Hebrew, Pp. 3*–6*; English Summary, Pp. 233–234), Vassilios Tzaferis Jan 2025

A Greek Inscription From Tel Ashdod (Hebrew, Pp. 3*–6*; English Summary, Pp. 233–234), Vassilios Tzaferis

'Atiqot

The seven-line Greek inscription from Tel Ashdod is a typical dedicatory inscription, mentioning the construction of a winepress and monastery. It was dated to the Byzantine period.

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