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Articles 1921 - 1950 of 33337

Full-Text Articles in Agriculture

The Medieval Ceramics From Khirbat Ka‘Kul (Pp. 75–104), Adrian J. Boas Jan 2025

The Medieval Ceramics From Khirbat Ka‘Kul (Pp. 75–104), Adrian J. Boas

'Atiqot

The ceramic assemblage from Khirbat Ka‘kul is typical of village sites from the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries CE, reflecting on the regionalism of certain wares and the broad distribution of others. Some imported wares from Cyprus were found as well, probably indicating trade in imports. Handmade painted wares are numerous amongst the finds, as are coarse handmade cooking pots. A small quantity of metal, bone and stone finds was recovered, the most exceptional being a small bronze cross.

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Salvage Excavations At Ḥorbat Ma‘Raba (Pp. 13*–21*), Lilly Gershuny Jan 2025

Salvage Excavations At Ḥorbat Ma‘Raba (Pp. 13*–21*), Lilly Gershuny

'Atiqot

Excavations at the site, located in the southern coastal plain, were initiated after the exposure of ancient pottery vessels. During excavations, a homogeneous pottery assemblage, including store jars, open and carinated bowls and dipper juglets, was recovered from five areas. It seems that the finds originated in pit graves, which were dug into the kurkar sandstone during Middle Bronze Age II. Similar graves, dating to the same period, are dispersed along the southern coastal ridges.

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A Jewish Mausoleum Of The Roman Period At Qiryat Shemu’El, Tiberias (Pp. 7*–29*), Fanny Vitto Jan 2025

A Jewish Mausoleum Of The Roman Period At Qiryat Shemu’El, Tiberias (Pp. 7*–29*), Fanny Vitto

'Atiqot

The tomb, constructed from large, roughly dressed basalt stones, consisted of a courtyard, a burial chamber surrounded by two stories of loculi (kokhim) and a large subterranean chamber. Part of a basalt-stone door, which originally sealed the tomb opening, was found; it was carved in imitation of a paneled wooden door, and originally swung on hinges, one of which survived in situ. The finds within the tomb included pottery and glass vessels, an iron nail and a limestone ossuary, mostly dating to the end of the first–early second centuries CE; a magical amulet, representing a reaper and incised with a …

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The Greek Inscription From Tel Ashdod: A Revised Reading (Pp. 31*–36*), Leah Di Segni Jan 2025

The Greek Inscription From Tel Ashdod: A Revised Reading (Pp. 31*–36*), Leah Di Segni

'Atiqot

Following a reexamination of the Greek inscription on a mosaic pavement uncovered at Kibbutz Hazor, near Ashdod (see ‘Atiqot 51), a new reading is offered. The inscription, which must have adorned the entrance of a winepress attached to a monastery, states the date the winepress was commemorated. The date points to the use of a non-local era; this use might hint at the abbot’s wish to symbolically mark the border between himself and his foundation, and the catholic bishop of Ascalon.

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An Inscribed Jar Handle From Khirbat Ka‘Kul (P. 105), Nitzan Amitai-Preiss Jan 2025

An Inscribed Jar Handle From Khirbat Ka‘Kul (P. 105), Nitzan Amitai-Preiss

'Atiqot

A large jar handle was found, impressed with an Arabic inscription, dating, at the latest, to the early ninth century CE. Similar stamped jar handles were recorded from Jerusalem and its vicinity.

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An Intermediate Bronze Age Cemetery At Azor (Hebrew, Pp. 1–28; English Summary, Pp. 53–54), Eli Yannai Jan 2025

An Intermediate Bronze Age Cemetery At Azor (Hebrew, Pp. 1–28; English Summary, Pp. 53–54), Eli Yannai

'Atiqot

A total of 39 single-chambered shaft tombs were excavated on a flat kurkar hill south of Tel Azor. The pottery finds from the tombs are locally produced, forming part of a unique regional group, typical of the central coastal plain during the Intermediate Bronze Age. The wide distribution of the tombs over the entire area of the Azor cemetery, and the lack of evidence of a settlement there, suggest that the hill was only used for burial. This distinction between the burial ground and the settlement is known from elsewhere in the country during this period, and therefore, must have …

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The Archaeozoological Finds From The Shoham (North) Caves (Hebrew, Pp. 161–168; English Summary, Pp. 64–65), Moshe Sade Jan 2025

The Archaeozoological Finds From The Shoham (North) Caves (Hebrew, Pp. 161–168; English Summary, Pp. 64–65), Moshe Sade

'Atiqot

The archaeozoological findings from Shoham (North) originated in three caves and are associated with the Chalcolithic period, Early Bronze Age IB and the Intermediate Bronze Age. The main domestic mammal in the Chalcolithic period was the donkey, representing an outstanding percentage, probably reflecting its importance during this period.

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Protohistoric Settlement Remains At Hittin, On The Fringes Of The Arbel Valley (Hebrew, Pp. 13–24; English Summary, Pp. 70*–71*), Nimrod Getzov Jan 2025

Protohistoric Settlement Remains At Hittin, On The Fringes Of The Arbel Valley (Hebrew, Pp. 13–24; English Summary, Pp. 70*–71*), Nimrod Getzov

'Atiqot

A survey and a salvage excavation conducted on the western slope of the village of Peqi‘in exposed three strata of a large settlement (c. 100 dunams): the lower two strata (III–II) dated from the Late Chalcolithic period, and the upper stratum (I), from Early Bronze Age IA. The discovery of a large proto-historic settlement is of considerable importance, as until now, only small settlements from this period were known in Upper Galilee. The discovery of this settlement also contributes to our understanding of the finds at the nearby Chalcolithic burial cave excavated in 1995. The settlement’s large size might explain …

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Subterranean Storage Chambers From The Early Bronze Age Ib At Giv‘At Qesem (Pp. 1*–12*), Deborah A. Sklar-Parnes, Emanuel Eisenberg Jan 2025

Subterranean Storage Chambers From The Early Bronze Age Ib At Giv‘At Qesem (Pp. 1*–12*), Deborah A. Sklar-Parnes, Emanuel Eisenberg

'Atiqot

Some 2 km east of Tel Afeq, an excavation was conducted in three subterranean chambers exposed during construction works. The chambers, which were accessed by vertical shafts, probably served as storerooms for a nearby settlement. The pottery and flint objects, found in fills within the caves, date to Early Bronze Age IB. The surface treatment of the pottery reflects aspects of the northern EB IB culture, while the shapes of the vessels reveal a southern influence. These finds shed light on domestic and storage activities in the fourth millennium BCE.

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A Farmhouse From The Late Iron Age And Second Temple Period In ‘French Hill’, North Jerusalem (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–14*; English Summary, Pp. 153–154), Gaby Mazor Jan 2025

A Farmhouse From The Late Iron Age And Second Temple Period In ‘French Hill’, North Jerusalem (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–14*; English Summary, Pp. 153–154), Gaby Mazor

'Atiqot

A farmhouse, equipped with agricultural installations, was uncovered; it was surrounded by an ancient road and agricultural terraces. Two main occupation periods were observed within the farmhouse: the Late Iron Age (Stratum 2) and the Second Temple period (Stratum 1). The Late Iron Age building was built in accordance with the four-room house plan. It was part of an agricultural/industrial complex comprising a vineyard, a winery and a cellar. The pottery indicated that it was built during the eighth century BCE and was used until the end of the Iron Age. The Second Temple-period building reused the earlier one, with …

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Jerusalem, Khirbat Ka‘Kul (Pisgat Ze’Ev H): Early Roman Farmsteads And A Medieval Village (Pp. 1–73), Jon Seligman Jan 2025

Jerusalem, Khirbat Ka‘Kul (Pisgat Ze’Ev H): Early Roman Farmsteads And A Medieval Village (Pp. 1–73), Jon Seligman

'Atiqot

The extensive survey and excavations at the site revealed remains from the late Hellenistic and Early Roman periods, including structures and installations—two ritual baths (miqva’ot), winepresses(?), cisterns, tombs and a columbarium—representing various aspects of rural life. These were probably part of a Jewish village set within the agricultural hinterland of Hasmonean and Herodian Jerusalem. The remains of the medieval village covered a small area on the summit. The economy of this village was based on oil production, as attested by the large oil press that was uncovered. Stone quarrying and the production of lime were also practiced at this site. …

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The Flint Assemblage Of Karmeliya, Haifa (Pp. 1*–5*), Hamoudi Khalaily, Flavia Sonntag Jan 2025

The Flint Assemblage Of Karmeliya, Haifa (Pp. 1*–5*), Hamoudi Khalaily, Flavia Sonntag

'Atiqot

The site is located on a steep slope, overlooking the Mediterranean Sea. The finds were retrieved from surface collection and from the excavation of a thick, dark sediment layer covering bedrock. A total of 4028 artifacts were found, most of which was waste material. The artifacts belong to two occupation phases: the surface finds point to a Mousterian knapping tradition; the finds from the excavated layer are of an industrial nature and the tool types are frequent in assemblages of the later stages of the Pottery Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods.

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Be’Er Sheva‘, Ramot Neighborhood, Site 49 (Hebrew, Pp. 1–14; English Summary, Pp. 59*–60*), Oded Feder, Nimrod Negev Jan 2025

Be’Er Sheva‘, Ramot Neighborhood, Site 49 (Hebrew, Pp. 1–14; English Summary, Pp. 59*–60*), Oded Feder, Nimrod Negev

'Atiqot

The site, located on the southern spur of the Goral Hills, overlooks the Be’er Sheva‘ Valley. Two structures were discovered dating to Iron Age IIB–C: a dwelling and an adjacent storage building. The dwelling is of the four-room house type, fronted by a courtyard. A staircase south of its opening led to a second story. The pottery finds included mainly tableware, as well as storage vessels. The adjacent storage building is elongated and oriented east–west. It was filled with a layer of collapse overlying an ash layer that contained production waste. The debris probably originated in a pottery workshop or …

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Burial Caves Of The Intermediate Bronze Age (Early Bronze Age Iv) At Ḥanita (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–10*; English Summary, Pp. 193–194), Eli Yannai, Arieh Rochman-Halperin Jan 2025

Burial Caves Of The Intermediate Bronze Age (Early Bronze Age Iv) At Ḥanita (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–10*; English Summary, Pp. 193–194), Eli Yannai, Arieh Rochman-Halperin

'Atiqot

In 1969, several burial caves from the Intermediate Bronze Age were exposed at Kibbutz Hanita. The description of the caves was lost; however, their content, including thirteen complete pottery vessels, metal objects and jewelry, was recovered. These finds resemble other assemblages from burial caves in the western Galilee, such as those from Hanita, Nahf and Kabri.

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Faunal Remains From A Late Chalcolithic–Bronze Age Dwelling And Burial Caves At Shoham (North), Lod Valley (Pp. 1*–15*), Liora Kolska Horwitz Jan 2025

Faunal Remains From A Late Chalcolithic–Bronze Age Dwelling And Burial Caves At Shoham (North), Lod Valley (Pp. 1*–15*), Liora Kolska Horwitz

'Atiqot

Four Late Chalcolithic burial caves were excavated at Shoham (North). Within these caves, 1052 identifiable animal bones were recovered: 712 bones originated from Chalcolithic deposits; 179, from Early Bronze Age I deposits; 9, from Intermediate Bronze Age deposits; and 152, from mixed Chalcolithic/EB I sediments. The identified species were similar in both Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age samples, representing mainly domestic animals, e.g., sheep, goats, pigs and dogs, as well as large-sized equids (wild ass?). The samples differ, however, in their relative frequencies, which might represent different activities in the cave. The data presented in this article suggest that both …

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A Late Chalcolithic And Early Bronze Age Settlement At Peqi‘In, In Upper Galilee (Hebrew, Pp. 1–12; English Summary, Pp. 69*–70*), Nimrod Getzov Jan 2025

A Late Chalcolithic And Early Bronze Age Settlement At Peqi‘In, In Upper Galilee (Hebrew, Pp. 1–12; English Summary, Pp. 69*–70*), Nimrod Getzov

'Atiqot

Along the western fringes of the remains of Hittin, two settlement layers were revealed: Stratum II, from the Early Chalcolithic period, and Stratum I, from the beginning of Early Bronze Age IA. Potsherds from the Pottery Neolithic period, EB IB and the Intermediate Bronze Age were found as well. The remains from Stratum II consisted of meager construction; the finds included bowls and holemouth jars with rope decoration, churns, bow-rim jars and flint implements. Stratum I comprised the remains of a wall and an adjacent pavement, accompanied by characteristic Gray Burnished Ware.

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Failure Of The Farm Bill Process In 2023—A Perspective From Social Media Activity, Roman Keeney, Nicole Olynk Widmar, Austin Berenda Jan 2025

Failure Of The Farm Bill Process In 2023—A Perspective From Social Media Activity, Roman Keeney, Nicole Olynk Widmar, Austin Berenda

Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty Publications

In September 2023, the current farm bill was allowed to expire. This marked the fourth consecutive farm bill to see its authorization lapse before replacement legislation was signed into law. The failure in 2023 is notable as significant trade and covid shocks revealed needed reforms in farm and food safety nets. We develop a unique online and social media dataset and metrics to examine 2023 online activity to understand drivers of online farm bill discussion and implications for the future of the traditional farm bill political coalition. These findings echo the increasing concern about future farm bills amid a broadening …

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A Faience Amulet From Rosh Ha-‘Ayin, Mizpe Afeq (Pp. 25*–26*), Naomi Sidi Jan 2025

A Faience Amulet From Rosh Ha-‘Ayin, Mizpe Afeq (Pp. 25*–26*), Naomi Sidi

'Atiqot

A Faience amulet, depicting the Egyptian deity Shu/Heh,was recovered froman archaeological context dating to the fourth century BCE at Rosh Ha-‘Ayin. Based on parallels found elsewhere in the counry, ranging in date from the Iron Age IIC to the Hellenistic period, it seems that the amulet from Rosh Ha-‘Ayin can be dated soundly to the Persian-Hellenistic context within which it was found.

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A Cargo Of Lead Ingots From An Eleventh–Thirteenth-Centuries Ceshipwreck Off The Ashqelon Coast (Hebrew, Pp. 131–137; English Summary, P. 76*), Ehud Galili, Baruch Rosen Jan 2025

A Cargo Of Lead Ingots From An Eleventh–Thirteenth-Centuries Ceshipwreck Off The Ashqelon Coast (Hebrew, Pp. 131–137; English Summary, P. 76*), Ehud Galili, Baruch Rosen

'Atiqot

Fifty-seven lead ingots were discovered on the seabed west of Tel Ashqelon, their total average weight reaching c. 4 tons. These finds shed light on the nature of shipping and commerce along the Ashqelon coast during the eleventh–thirteenth centuries CE. A survey of the written evidence, concerning the importation of lead into Israel, is encountered, as well as an attempt to reconstruct the vessel type that transported the lead and the reason for its wreckage.

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The Fortification System In The Northwestern Part Of Jerusalem From The Early Islamic Periodto The Ottoman Period (Hebrew, Pp.105–130; English Summary, Pp. 73*–75*), Shlomit Weksler-Bdolah Jan 2025

The Fortification System In The Northwestern Part Of Jerusalem From The Early Islamic Periodto The Ottoman Period (Hebrew, Pp.105–130; English Summary, Pp. 73*–75*), Shlomit Weksler-Bdolah

'Atiqot

Along the exterior of the Old City wall in Jerusalem, near the New Gate, several defense elements were unearthed beneath the Ottoman wall, including stone courses, a rock-cut moat and towers. These findings make it possible to suggest a new reconstruction of the development of the fortification system of the city from the Roman–Byzantine periods tothe Earlty Islamic, Medieval and Ottoman periods.

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Iron Age Tombs North Of Tel Malot (Hebrew, Pp. 41–46; English Summary, P. 65*), Oren Shmueli Jan 2025

Iron Age Tombs North Of Tel Malot (Hebrew, Pp. 41–46; English Summary, P. 65*), Oren Shmueli

'Atiqot

Three pit graves were exposed north of Tel Malot. Poor skeletal remains were found, alongside pottery vessels from the tenth century BCE. It seems that these graves were part of the Iron Age cemetery previously unearthed to the north, west and southwest of the tell

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Rosh Ha-‘Ayin, Mizpe Afeq: Remains Of An Agricultural Settlement From The Iron Age To The Hellenistic Period(With A Contribution By Gabriela Bijovsky) (Hebrew, Pp. 53–63; English Summary, P. 67*), Elie Haddad Jan 2025

Rosh Ha-‘Ayin, Mizpe Afeq: Remains Of An Agricultural Settlement From The Iron Age To The Hellenistic Period(With A Contribution By Gabriela Bijovsky) (Hebrew, Pp. 53–63; English Summary, P. 67*), Elie Haddad

'Atiqot

Within the neighborhood of Mizpe Afeq, the northeastern part of a nearby agricultural settlement was excavated. Agricultural installations, including a silo, two cisterns and a simple oil press were discovered, dating to the Iron Age; they existed until the second century BCE. A unique find is a faience amulet representing the Egyptian deity Shu/Heh.

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Tombs From The Middle Bronze Age I Until The Iron Age At Tel Malot (With A Contribution By Othmar Keel) (Hebrew, Pp. 19–39; English Summary, P. 64*), Sigal Golan Jan 2025

Tombs From The Middle Bronze Age I Until The Iron Age At Tel Malot (With A Contribution By Othmar Keel) (Hebrew, Pp. 19–39; English Summary, P. 64*), Sigal Golan

'Atiqot

West of Tel Malot, fourteen pit graves were uncovered, dating from Middle Bronze AgeI until the Iron Age. The burial offerings placed within the gravesinclude locally produced pottery vessels alongside Cypriot imports, jewelry and scarabs. The graves are part of an ancient cemetery adjacent to the tell.

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A Roman-Period Burial Cave On Ha-Horesh Street, Qiryat Tiv‘On (Pp. 27*–61*), Fanny Vitto Jan 2025

A Roman-Period Burial Cave On Ha-Horesh Street, Qiryat Tiv‘On (Pp. 27*–61*), Fanny Vitto

'Atiqot

A burial cave, excavated at Qiryat Tiv‘on in the Lower Galilee, contained several pottery coffins, as well as limestone and pottery ossuaries, attesting that it had been utilized by a Jewish population. The date of the coffins and ossuaries is discussed in a larger geographical and stratigraphical context. Also found in the cave were oil lamps, exhibiting a broken discus — a new suggestion forthe breaking of the discus is offered.

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Baqa El-Gharbiya Area: The Glass Vessels From Naḥal Hadera (North) (Pp. 143–152), Natalya Katsnelson Jan 2025

Baqa El-Gharbiya Area: The Glass Vessels From Naḥal Hadera (North) (Pp. 143–152), Natalya Katsnelson

'Atiqot

The glass vessels retrieved from a burial cave (L124) at the site of Naḥal Hadera (North) were found mostly intact; all of them are blown. The similarities in shape, pattern and slightly careless manufacture suggest they were locally produced. The vessels belong to two burial phases, dating from the late first–second centuries CE and the late third–fourth centuries CE, providing new data concerning glass burial offerings in the coastal plain during the Roman period.

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Archaeological Surveys And Excavations Along The Cross-Israel Highway: A Case Study For Data Collection From The Field (Hebrew, Pp.3*–61*; English Summary, Pp. 153–155), Yehuda Dagan Jan 2025

Archaeological Surveys And Excavations Along The Cross-Israel Highway: A Case Study For Data Collection From The Field (Hebrew, Pp.3*–61*; English Summary, Pp. 153–155), Yehuda Dagan

'Atiqot

The archaeological surveys and excavations along the Cross-Israel Highway provide for a rare opportunity to examine data retrieved from surveys versus excavation results. A total of 125 sites, dispersed over five different geographical regions, were documented, including settlements, installations, quarries, burial caves and ancient roads. The vast data acquired along the route provides invaluable information concerning settlement patterns and distribution throughout various periods. It is noteworthy that most of the excavation results mirrored those of the surveys. However, sites dating to the prehistoric and Chalcolithic periods, as well as the Intermediate Bronze Age, were often unnoticed in the surveys and …

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Baqa El-Gharbiya Area: The Glass Vessels From Ḥorbat Kosit (East) (Pp. 133–142), Natalya Katsnelson Jan 2025

Baqa El-Gharbiya Area: The Glass Vessels From Ḥorbat Kosit (East) (Pp. 133–142), Natalya Katsnelson

'Atiqot

Excavations at Ḥorbat Kosit, west of Baqa el-Gharbiya, yielded glass vessels dating from the Roman and Late Roman–early Byzantine periods. The simple repertoire comprises mainly plain vessels of fairly local types. The style of workmanship, the predominance of certain types and the uniformity of the fabric suggest that these vessels could have been manufactured locally. The assemblage from Ḥorbat Kosit add to our knowledge regarding the distribution of glass vessels in the Naḥal Hadera area during these periods.

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The Coins From Ḥorbat Nazur (Pp. 127–131), Gabriela Bijovsky Jan 2025

The Coins From Ḥorbat Nazur (Pp. 127–131), Gabriela Bijovsky

'Atiqot

Twenty-one coins were discovered in Area B at Ḥorbat Nazur. Most of them date to the Hellenistic period. One coin (No. 13) features Antiochus IV on the obverse and a seated female goddess(?) on the reverse. Several coins of this type were found throughout the country, pointing to a local mint. Two provenances were previously offered for this type: Jerusalem and the Israel west bank. In this article it is suggested that this coin-type was minted at ‘Akko-Ptolemais.

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Baqa El-Gharbiya Area: A Roman-Period Cemetery And Other Finds (With Contributions By Peter Gendelman, Donald T. Ariel And Hamoudi Khalaily) (Hebrew, Pp. 105*–136*; English Summary, Pp. 161–162), Amir Gorzalczany Jan 2025

Baqa El-Gharbiya Area: A Roman-Period Cemetery And Other Finds (With Contributions By Peter Gendelman, Donald T. Ariel And Hamoudi Khalaily) (Hebrew, Pp. 105*–136*; English Summary, Pp. 161–162), Amir Gorzalczany

'Atiqot

Excavations at the southern and eastern fringes of Ḥorbat Kosit, west of Baqa el-Gharbiya, uncovered the peripheral area of the site, which was exploited for various industrial uses and for burial. At Ḥorbat Kosit (East) three strata were recorded, the main one (Stratum III) including a Roman-period burial ground. The site of Naḥal Hadera (North) yielded 24 rock-cut graves of a type previously assigned to the Essene or the Nabbatean populations. At Ḥorbat Kosit (South), numerous rock-cut installations, cisterns and a tomb were recovered; the finds date from Early Bronze Age I to the Roman period.

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Glass Vessels From The Byzantine Period At Ḥorbat Nazur (Hebrew, Pp. 99*–104*; English Summary, P. 160), Tamar Winter Jan 2025

Glass Vessels From The Byzantine Period At Ḥorbat Nazur (Hebrew, Pp. 99*–104*; English Summary, P. 160), Tamar Winter

'Atiqot

Some 700 glass fragments were recovered from two burial caves exposed in Area E at Ḥorbat Nazur. Most of the vessel types are characteristic of the Byzantine period (fourth–sixth centuries CE). The assemblage is dominated by closed-vessel types, as is typical of burial offerings of the period, suggesting that at least some of the vessels correspond to the burial phase.

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