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Full-Text Articles in Agriculture

Remains From The Prehistoric To The Late Ottoman Periods At Kerem Maharal (Hebrew, Pp. 69*–119*; English Summary, Pp. 168–171), Uzi ‘Ad, Kareem Sa‘Id Jan 2025

Remains From The Prehistoric To The Late Ottoman Periods At Kerem Maharal (Hebrew, Pp. 69*–119*; English Summary, Pp. 168–171), Uzi ‘Ad, Kareem Sa‘Id

'Atiqot

Salvage excavations at Kerem Maharal, on the southwestern slopes of the Carmel range, revealed the remains of 12 occupation layers from ten periods: Stratum XII, the Geometric Kebaran period (fourteenth–thirteenth millennia BP); Strata X–XI, the Persian–early Hellenistic periods (sixth–fourth centuries BCE); Stratum IX, the Roman period (late first–early second century CE); Strata VIII–VII, the Byzantine period (fifth–seventh centuries CE); Stratum VI, the late Byzantine–beginning of the Early Islamic periods (seventh–eighth centuries CE); Stratum V, eleventh century CE; Stratum IV, twelfth–thirteenth centuries CE; Stratum III, the Mamluk period (late thirteenth–fifteenth centuries CE); Stratum II, the Ottoman and British Mandate periods (until …

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Faunal Remains From The Late Chalcolithic, Late Roman, Byzantine And Ottoman Periods At Yehud, Ashkenazi Market (Pp. 1–22), Nuha Agha Jan 2025

Faunal Remains From The Late Chalcolithic, Late Roman, Byzantine And Ottoman Periods At Yehud, Ashkenazi Market (Pp. 1–22), Nuha Agha

'Atiqot

The faunal remains from Yehud were retrieved from several contexts: Late Chalcolithic-period shafts, Roman-period kilns, Byzantine-period houses and pits, and Ottoman-period houses, refuse pits and cesspits. The faunal assemblages from all the periods comprised mainly sheep, goats and cattle. Scant remains of equids and a camel were found in the assemblages from the Roman period onward. Pig remains are absent from both the Roman- and Byzantine-period assemblages, possibly attesting that the inhabitants of the site at that time were Jewish.

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The Glass Finds From Yehud, Ashkenazi Market (Hebrew, Pp. 63*–68*; English Summary, P. 167), Yael Gorin-Rosen Jan 2025

The Glass Finds From Yehud, Ashkenazi Market (Hebrew, Pp. 63*–68*; English Summary, P. 167), Yael Gorin-Rosen

'Atiqot

The excavation at Yehud yielded 272 glass shards, 82 of which were identified. Two fragments of cast glass vessels were found, dating from the Hellenistic and Early Roman periods. Most of the identified fragments date from the Late Roman and the beginning of the Byzantine period (fourth–early fifth centuries CE), including fragments of glass industry waste, probably indicating the operation of a workshop nearby.

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Pottery From The Late Chalcolithic Period From Yehud, Ashkenazi Market (Hebrew, Pp. 43*–62*; English Summary, Pp. 165–166), Ronit Lupu Jan 2025

Pottery From The Late Chalcolithic Period From Yehud, Ashkenazi Market (Hebrew, Pp. 43*–62*; English Summary, Pp. 165–166), Ronit Lupu

'Atiqot

The pottery vessels from the Late Chalcolithic period were retrieved from two shafts that were dug in the natural ḥamra soil. These included bowls, mostly V-shaped; wheel-made cornets; pedestal bowls and goblet; open and closed kraters; holemouths; churns; an ossuary handle; and decorated fragments, some of which might be attributed to the Pottery Neolithic period. The finds attest to the last use of the shafts as refuse pits.

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Remains From The Chalcolithic, Roman, Byzantine And Ottoman Periods At Yehud, Ashkenazi Market (With Contributions By Peter Gendelman, Lior Rauchberger, Donald T. Ariel)(Hebrew, Pp. 1*–42*; English Summary, Pp. 163–164), Eriola Jakoel Jan 2025

Remains From The Chalcolithic, Roman, Byzantine And Ottoman Periods At Yehud, Ashkenazi Market (With Contributions By Peter Gendelman, Lior Rauchberger, Donald T. Ariel)(Hebrew, Pp. 1*–42*; English Summary, Pp. 163–164), Eriola Jakoel

'Atiqot

The excavation conducted in the southwestern part of the city of Yehud revealed the remains of deep shafts that contained pottery vessels and flint artifacts typical of the Late Chalcolithic period; these were located on the periphery of a large settlement, whose remains were not uncovered. During the Late Roman period (second–third centuries CE), an industrial area operated at the site, mainly for the production of pottery. The pottery kilns produced household vessels, such as bowls, cooking pots, jugs and juglets. Glass finds and the remains of glass production debris in this area might point to the existence of a …

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Front Matter, Editorial Board Jan 2025

Front Matter, Editorial Board

'Atiqot

No abstract provided.

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The Coins From Ẓahal Square Tunnel, Jerusalem (Pp. 231–235), Robert Kool Jan 2025

The Coins From Ẓahal Square Tunnel, Jerusalem (Pp. 231–235), Robert Kool

'Atiqot

The salvage excavation in Ẓahal Square Tunnel yielded 26 coins, 21 of which could be identified. All coins are bronze, except for three which are silver. The coins date between the Early Roman (late first century BCE) and the late Ottoman (late eighteenth–early twentieth centuries CE) periods.

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Pottery Assemblages From Ẓahal Square Tunnel, Jerusalem (Pp. 211–230), Anna De Vincenz Jan 2025

Pottery Assemblages From Ẓahal Square Tunnel, Jerusalem (Pp. 211–230), Anna De Vincenz

'Atiqot

The excavation in the Ẓahal Square Tunnel yielded ceramic material from the Byzantine–Umayyad, Mamluk and late Ottoman periods. While only a small amount of pottery was recovered, its composition closely corresponds to that of other ceramic assemblages from the same chronological phases from Jerusalem and its surroundings. Hence, these assemblages seem to be largely of local production.

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The Mollusks From Ḥorbat Ṭarbenet (Pp. 191–192), Inbar Ktalav Jan 2025

The Mollusks From Ḥorbat Ṭarbenet (Pp. 191–192), Inbar Ktalav

'Atiqot

Two malacological remains were retrieved manually from the excavations at Ḥorbat Ṭarbenet, indicating the use of Mediterranean shells in this region during the Roman and Byzantine periods.

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Remains From The Late Byzantine, Early Islamic, Mamluk And Late Ottoman Periods In Ẓahal Square Tunnel, Jerusalem (Pp. 193–210), Shlomit Weksler-Bdolah Jan 2025

Remains From The Late Byzantine, Early Islamic, Mamluk And Late Ottoman Periods In Ẓahal Square Tunnel, Jerusalem (Pp. 193–210), Shlomit Weksler-Bdolah

'Atiqot

An excavation conducted at Ẓahal Square, outside and west of the Old City wall of Jerusalem, uncovered remains dating from the late Byzantine–Umayyad to the late Ottoman period, revealing evidence of Jerusalem’s urban expansion in different periods and its fortifications. The earliest remains are a Greek inscription, etched in bedrock during the late Byzantine–Umayyad period. Hewn walls of a deep moat and remains of a forewall from the late Early Islamic period were uncovered, allowing for a reconstruction of Jerusalem’s fortification system along the northwestern corner of the Old City. The city walls and the moat fell into disuse after …

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Animal Bones From Ḥorbat Ṭarbenet (Pp. 185–190), Nimrod Marom Jan 2025

Animal Bones From Ḥorbat Ṭarbenet (Pp. 185–190), Nimrod Marom

'Atiqot

Salvage excavations at Ḥorbat Ṭarbenet revealed animal-bone remains, which appear to represent fills dumped inside and around the hydraulic installations. Very few remains were recovered from Hellenistic–Early Roman loci, while a somewhat larger sample was obtained from Byzantine–Umayyad loci. The faunal assemblage comprises primarily beasts of burden, such as equids and camels. The high frequencies of fractures and carnivore gnawing marks indicate little human processing of bones for food and early discard.

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The Coins From Ḥorbat Ṭarbenet (Pp. 179–183), Robert Kool Jan 2025

The Coins From Ḥorbat Ṭarbenet (Pp. 179–183), Robert Kool

'Atiqot

Thirty-seven coins were unearthed in the excavations at Ḥorbat Ṭarbenet, twenty-seven of which were identified. The earliest coin is a small Seleucid ‘palm tree’ bronze, and the latest datable coin is an early Ottoman copper mangir. The majority of the coins date from the fourth–sixth century CE.

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Groundstone Finds From Ḥorbat Ṭarbenet (Pp. 163–166), Walid Atrash Jan 2025

Groundstone Finds From Ḥorbat Ṭarbenet (Pp. 163–166), Walid Atrash

'Atiqot

The excavations at Ḥorbat Ṭarbenet yielded a small assemblage of ten basalt groundstone fragments: a pestle, three hammerstones, a millstone, four bowls and a basin.

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Torso Of A ‘Weary Heracles’ Marble Statuette From Ḥorbat Ṭarbenet (Pp. 167–177), Gabriel Mazor, Walid Atrash Jan 2025

Torso Of A ‘Weary Heracles’ Marble Statuette From Ḥorbat Ṭarbenet (Pp. 167–177), Gabriel Mazor, Walid Atrash

'Atiqot

A statuette of a free-standing naked male figure of Heracles was discovered in a fill partially covering a village bath at Ḥorbat Ṭarbenet. The appearance of Heracles in Roman baths is witnessed elsewhere in the region, forming part of the bath décor and usually set in niches in the frigidarium walls, the palestra, or the natatio. A statuette of Heracles in a bathhouse, although not an exceptional Hellenic cultural expression, is a rather unique find in a remote (Jewish?) village.

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Glass Finds From Ḥorbat Ṭarbenet (Pp. 147–162), Brigitte Ouahnouna Jan 2025

Glass Finds From Ḥorbat Ṭarbenet (Pp. 147–162), Brigitte Ouahnouna

'Atiqot

The glass vessels retrieved during the excavations at Ḥorbat Ṭarbenet are dated mainly to the fourth century CE, except for an aryballos handle dated to the Early Roman period and a few typical Byzantine vessels, such as wineglasses and oil lamps. Three chunks of raw glass were also discovered. The quantity and quality of the glass vessels, and the similarity in their fabric and workmanship, suggest that the site served as a local production center.

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The Pottery Assemblages From Ḥorbat Ṭarbenet (Pp. 101–140), Anna De Vincenz Jan 2025

The Pottery Assemblages From Ḥorbat Ṭarbenet (Pp. 101–140), Anna De Vincenz

'Atiqot

The salvage excavations at Ḥorbat Ṭarbenet revealed ceramic finds from two archaeological contexts: a small pool, and a house and a well. The ceramic material was dated to the Hellenistic (the fourth to the second centuries BCE) and late Byzantine/Umayyad periods.

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Stamped Amphora Handles And Amphora Toes From Ḥorbat Ṭarbenet (Pp. 141–146), Gerald Finkielsztejn Jan 2025

Stamped Amphora Handles And Amphora Toes From Ḥorbat Ṭarbenet (Pp. 141–146), Gerald Finkielsztejn

'Atiqot

The excavations at Ḥorbat Ṭarbenet yielded nine amphora fragments: three stamped handles and two toes from Rhodes; one stamped handle and one toe from Knidos; one possible Republican Ovoid Amphora toe; and one unidentified Late Roman toe.

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Remains From The Hellenistic–Early Islamic Periods At Ḥorbat Ṭarbenet (Pp. 75–100), Walid Atrash, Gabriel Mazor Jan 2025

Remains From The Hellenistic–Early Islamic Periods At Ḥorbat Ṭarbenet (Pp. 75–100), Walid Atrash, Gabriel Mazor

'Atiqot

Excavations at Ḥorbat Ṭarbenet in the Jezreel Valley revealed four settlement strata: Stratum IV (Hellenistic period) yielded pottery and a coin, but no architectural remains; Stratum III (Roman period) included the remains of a bathhouse; Stratum II (Byzantine period) yielded the remains of a house and a plastered installation; and Stratum I (Early Islamic period) yielded pottery and coins, but no architectural remains. The bathhouse pool (natatio) yielded a large number of tubuli and fragments of a marble statue of Heracles that might have adorned it.

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Remains From Middle Bronze Age Ii And The Byzantine, Early Islamic And Ottoman Periods At Bene Beraq (With A Contribution By Maayan Shemer) (Hebrew, Pp. 33*–66*; English Summary, Pp. 241–243), Ayelet Dayan, Dor Golan, Yoav Arbel Jan 2025

Remains From Middle Bronze Age Ii And The Byzantine, Early Islamic And Ottoman Periods At Bene Beraq (With A Contribution By Maayan Shemer) (Hebrew, Pp. 33*–66*; English Summary, Pp. 241–243), Ayelet Dayan, Dor Golan, Yoav Arbel

'Atiqot

The excavation conducted at Bene Beraq yielded remains dating from Middle Bronze Age II and the Byzantine, Early Islamic and Ottoman periods. Five poorly preserved tombs and a pottery kiln were dated to the end of MB IIA–beginning of MB IIB; the kiln resembles other such installations found in the central coastal plain. It seems that the site was a small satellite site located along Naḥal Ha-Yarqon, contemporary with the large cities of Afeq-Antipatris, Yafo and Tel Gerisa. The finds from the Late Roman–Byzantine periods included many antilia vessels, pointing to the existence of an antilia well nearby. Two perpendicular …

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A Middle Bronze Age Ii Burial Cave At Mazor (West) (With Contributions By Yossi Nagar, Liora K. Horwitz) (Pp. 37–73), Lilly Gershuny, Ianir Milevski Jan 2025

A Middle Bronze Age Ii Burial Cave At Mazor (West) (With Contributions By Yossi Nagar, Liora K. Horwitz) (Pp. 37–73), Lilly Gershuny, Ianir Milevski

'Atiqot

A Middle Bronze Age II burial cave, reusing a Chalcolithic burial cave, was discovered during excavations carried out at Mazor (West). The Middle Bronze Age remains accumulated above the cave’s bedrock floor, utilizing the entire space. Seven individuals were discovered and about 50 intact or restorable MB II pottery vessels were retrieved, as well as three metal pins, three flint items and animal bones. It is probable that the cave, and other MB II sites in its vicinity, belonged to a system of villages and associated mortuary grounds, which were related to the main urban center at Tel Afeq.

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Faunal Remains From Khirbat El-’Umdan, Bet Shemesh (Hebrew, Pp. 27*–32*; English Summary, P. 240), Nuha Agha Jan 2025

Faunal Remains From Khirbat El-’Umdan, Bet Shemesh (Hebrew, Pp. 27*–32*; English Summary, P. 240), Nuha Agha

'Atiqot

Excavations at the Chalcolithic site at Khirbat el-’Umdan yielded an assemblage of bones, teeth and horns belonging mostly to mammals: sheep, cattle and pigs. These finding are consistent with the picture that emerged from the analysis of other faunal assemblages from Ghassulian sites in the northern Negev, the coastal plain and Galilee.

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The Flint Assemblage From Khirbat El-ʻUmdan, Bet Shemesh (Pp. 27–35), Ariel Vered Jan 2025

The Flint Assemblage From Khirbat El-ʻUmdan, Bet Shemesh (Pp. 27–35), Ariel Vered

'Atiqot

The excavations at Khirbat el-ʻUmdan yielded a small assemblage of 277 flint artifacts dating from the Late Chalcolithic period, with only a few intrusive Paleolithic pieces. It represents an on-site flint knapping industry that focused on the production of expedient flake tools, together with evidence for the use of formal tools, especially sickle blades.

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Metal Artifacts From Khirbat El-‘Umdan, Bet Shemesh: New Insights Concerning The Ghassulian Metallurgy (Hebrew, Pp. 13*–25*; English Summary, P. 239), Yitzhak Vassal, Edwin C.M. Van Den Brink, Erez Ben Yosef Jan 2025

Metal Artifacts From Khirbat El-‘Umdan, Bet Shemesh: New Insights Concerning The Ghassulian Metallurgy (Hebrew, Pp. 13*–25*; English Summary, P. 239), Yitzhak Vassal, Edwin C.M. Van Den Brink, Erez Ben Yosef

'Atiqot

Six metal artifacts were recovered from the Chalcolithic site near Khirbat el-‘Umdan: four axes, a copper chunk and a broken macehead. Three of the axes and the macehead were chemically tested, allowing for a reconstruction of ancient metalwork, the materials used and the extent of trade relations during the Chalcolithic period. The chemical composition of the axes was found to be similar to that of other contemporary items, while the macehead is a copper-lead alloy, hitherto unknown in the period.

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Groundstone Tools From Khirbat El-ʻUmdan, Bet Shemesh (Pp. 19–25), Ariel Vered Jan 2025

Groundstone Tools From Khirbat El-ʻUmdan, Bet Shemesh (Pp. 19–25), Ariel Vered

'Atiqot

The excavation at the Chalcolithic site of Khirbat el-ʻUmdan yielded a small, typologically varied assemblage of groundstone tools. Vessels comprise the lion’s share of the group, followed by grinding and pounding utensils. The assemblage is characterized by a diversity of raw materials: limestone, flint, basalt, sandstone and beachrock. While a large portion of the assemblage was made of locally available raw materials, a considerable portion was made on non-local ones, attesting to connections with the surrounding regions, either directly or through mediating agents.

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The Late Chalcolithic Pottery Assemblage From Khirbat El-ʻUmdan, Bet Shemesh (Pp. 1–17), Edwin C.M. Van Den Brink, Anat Cohen-Weinberger Jan 2025

The Late Chalcolithic Pottery Assemblage From Khirbat El-ʻUmdan, Bet Shemesh (Pp. 1–17), Edwin C.M. Van Den Brink, Anat Cohen-Weinberger

'Atiqot

A small assemblage of Late Chalcolithic pottery was collected during the excavation at Khirbat el-ʻUmdan, including cornets, pedestalled bowls, spouted vessels, basins, holemouth cooking and storage jars, pithoi, kraters, churns and a fragment of a clay animal figurine. The assemblage compares well, both in morphology and composition, with other Late Chalcolithic assemblages in the northern Negev and the Be’er Sheva‘ Valley. The petrographic analysis of the raw materials indicated a local manufacture within the borders of the Shephelah and the nearby Judean Mountains.

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Khirbat El-‘Umdan: A Site From The Chalcolithic Period (Ghassulian Culture) At Bet Shemesh (With A Contribution By Elisabetta Boaretto) (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–12*; English Summary, Pp. 237–238), Ron Be’Eri Jan 2025

Khirbat El-‘Umdan: A Site From The Chalcolithic Period (Ghassulian Culture) At Bet Shemesh (With A Contribution By Elisabetta Boaretto) (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–12*; English Summary, Pp. 237–238), Ron Be’Eri

'Atiqot

A small excavation near Khirbat el-‘Umdan in the lower Judean Shephelah exposed stone floors bearing remains from the Late Chalcolithic period. The rich finds from the excavation comprise pottery vessels, such as V-shaped bowls, large basins, store jars, holemouths, churns and cornets, and a fragment of a zoomorphic figurine; groundstone vessels; flint tools, including many sickle blades; and a cash of three copper axes and a copper-alloy macehead. Also found were some 30 burned olive stones and animal skeletal remains. It seems that the settlement at the site existed for a short period in the first phase of the Late …

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Front Matter, Editorial Board Jan 2025

Front Matter, Editorial Board

'Atiqot

No abstract provided.

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Crusader- And Ottoman-Period Faunal Remains From The Boverel Quarter, ‘Akko (Pp. 193–197), Guy Bar-Oz Jan 2025

Crusader- And Ottoman-Period Faunal Remains From The Boverel Quarter, ‘Akko (Pp. 193–197), Guy Bar-Oz

'Atiqot

The excavation of the building in the Old City of ‘Akko produced a small faunal assemblage from the Crusader period (late thirteenth century CE) and several bones from an overlying Ottoman-period deposit. The majority of the bones in both strata belong to sheep, goat and cattle. Pig remains are present only in the Crusader deposits attesting to the diversity of ‘Akko’s inhabitants, and the shift that occurred in the cultural identity of its residents.

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Archaeobotanical Finds From The Boverel Quarter, ‘Akko (Pp. 199–201), Nili Liphschitz Jan 2025

Archaeobotanical Finds From The Boverel Quarter, ‘Akko (Pp. 199–201), Nili Liphschitz

'Atiqot

During excavations within the Old City of ‘Akko, remains of a Crusader-period building (thirteenth century CE) destroyed by an intense fire were exposed. The burned layer contained charred wooden beams, samples of which were collected for botanical identification. The identified species attest that the wood was probably imported from Lebanon for roofing purposes.

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The Ottoman Building In The Boverel Quarter, ‘Akko (Pp. 187–191), Yael Alef Jan 2025

The Ottoman Building In The Boverel Quarter, ‘Akko (Pp. 187–191), Yael Alef

'Atiqot

The Ottoman (WIZO) building in the Old City of ‘Akko was documented by the author as a basis for its conservation. It is of the Central-Hall House type that developed in Lebanon from the iwan house, appearing in Palestine in the last quarter of the nineteenth century CE. Some 120 houses of this type were documented in the Old City of ‘Akko, comprising about 12% of the total number of houses in the Old City, and hence its significance in shaping the urban character of the city. No historical evidence was found for dating the WIZO House, and therefore its …

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