Engineering Commons^™

Towards Improving The Properties And Furthering Acceptance Of Advanced Technology Nuclear Fuels, Jennifer K. Watkins

Boise State University Theses and Dissertations

To avoid detrimental environmental impacts from climate change, the world community needs to push for the use of clean energy technologies. Development of proposed advanced technology nuclear fuels supports efforts to ensure nuclear energy is included as a non-carbon emitting source of electricity generation. Advanced technology nuclear fuels, also referred to as accident tolerant fuels (ATFs), have received renewed interest for use in the current nuclear reactor fleet as well as in advanced reactor technologies due to their high uranium loading, desirable thermophysical properties, and performance under irradiation as compared to the benchmark oxide fuel. A limiting consideration for the …

Impact Of Corrosion Inhibitors And Metals On Antibiotic Resistance In Drinking Water Distribution Systems, Lee Kimbell

Dissertations (1934 -)

Drinking water distribution systems are important for transporting clean drinking water. Antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in drinking water may pose risks to human and environmental health. Aging infrastructure such as metal pipes can experience significant corrosion, which can have impacts on the chemical and microbial water quality inside of drinking water systems. Chemicals are commonly added to drinking water to prevent corrosion (i.e., corrosion inhibitors). The metal pipe materials and corrosion inhibitors containing metals may have impacts on the bacteria and ARGs in drinking water systems. This research investigated the presence of ARGs in real-world …

Matrix Acidizing In Carbonate Formations, Ofelia Gomez Chacon, Maysam Pournik

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

Matrix acidizing in carbonate reservoirs is a process that has been long used to increase productivity in oil and gas producing formations. The main goal is to create wormholes that bypass the damage in the formation. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is the main acid used for this; however, it has several disadvantages that affect the success of these treatments. Its high reaction rate, inability to divert, and corrosive nature are a few of the reasons why research in this area has focused on finding alternative fluids. This paper discusses studies on successful alternatives to HCl. It has been observed that emulsified …

Austenitic, Duplex, And Lean Duplex Stainless Steel Critical Pitting Temperature In Simulated Concrete Environment, Bobby Giebel

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

In this work, the critical pitting temperature (CPT) will be observed for a selection of austenitic (316LN and 24100) and duplex (2205), and lean duplex (2304, 2001) stainless steels in simulated concrete pore solution. To study the influence of temperature on the pitting stability of the stainless steels, three temperatures were tested: 25oC, 45oC, and 65oC for cyclic potentiodynamic polarization (CPP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Electrochemical properties of the interfaces we studied via EIS analysis. Kinetics were studied via CPP testing. To reveal the critical pitting temperature of the stainless steels, cyclic thermammetry was used. Characterization of the pits …

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Analysis Of Corrosion Of Reinforcing Steel In Fly Ash Mortar By Means Of Transmission Line Modeling, Padraig Stack

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is an important non-destructive tool that allows for a deeper understanding of the electrochemical processes and mechanisms occurring in an electrochemical cell. Equivalent electrical circuits (EECs) are used to model the impedance data into electrical components, such as resistors and capacitors, on a circuit. Current potentiostat offers software packages that can analyze the frequency response, but the software only supports “simple” EEC that can be written as fixed electrical components in some combination of series and parallel. Park and Macdonald propose a transmission line model (TLM) that does not use lumped-element models, instead, the values of …

Corrosion Protection Mechanisms Of Trivalent Chromium Based Passivations On Γ-Znni Coated Al6061-T6 Alloy, Kevin Foster

Doctoral Dissertations

“The role of cobalt in trivalent chromium passivations (TCPs) to improve corrosion resistance of γ-ZnNi coated steel and aluminum is based on its effect on hexavalent chromium content in the passive layer. Investigations of both a cobalt-containing and cobalt-free TCP on SAE 1008 steel indicated that both passivations protect well for up to 1000 hours in neutral salt spray exposure (SSE). A repetition on Al 6061-T6 alloy indicated that TCP performed much better than cobalt-free TCP implicating the underlying substrate. Optical and electron micrographs indicated physical changes such as crack thickness, crack density, passivation porosity, and passivation thickness existed between …

Molten Salt Technologies For Advanced Nuclear Fuel Cycles And Molten Salt Reactors, Dimitris Killinger

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation provides five topics—an assessment of different monitoring and analytical techniques often cited in the literature for molten salt systems and designs for nuclear engineering applications. First, we explored commonly used materials for quasi-reference electrodes in molten chloride salts. Second, the limitations of the electrochemical analysis known as cyclic voltammetry due to the concentration of uranium(III) present were being investigated. Third, we provided an experimental assessment on the development of a spectroelectrochemical cell for interrogating various spectroelectrochemical techniques, namely chronoabsorptometry and chronofluorometry, and their limitations due to the presence of uranium(III) ions. Fourth, a study on the corrosion resistance …

Novel Peridynamic Models For Material Degradation And Mass Transport, Jiangming Zhao

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Fracture and corrosion are two major causes of structure failure. They can interact with each other, leading to faster material degradation. They are also under the influence of environmental conditions. The corrosion rate highly depends on the transportation rate of involving substances, while the fracture can be accelerated significantly due to fluid flow. These complex mechanisms involved in structure failure have troubled classical models for decades. The peridynamic (PD) theory introduced in 2000 has shown great potential in modeling such problems. In this work, we develop novel PD models for fracture, corrosion, mass transport, and viscous flow, which are building …

Assessment Of Deteriorated Structural Concrete To Provide Durable Repairs, Theodore Hopwood, Christopher Goff, Sudhir Palle

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Most of the structural elements on Kentucky bridges are made of reinforced concrete. Many of these elements deteriorate as a result of corrosion of the reinforcing steel caused by carbonation and — primarily — applications of chlorides by the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet (KYTC). Corrosion of reinforcing steel is reviewed along with assessment procedures that leverage nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods and related laboratory and field tests. Several maintenance procedures are discussed, including the application of sealers and coatings, patch and major concrete repairs, and electrochemical methods. Incorporating NDE and test results into maintenance procedure selection is discussed. Recommendations are provided on …

First-Principles Magnetic Treatment Of The Uranium Nitride (100) Surface And Effect On Corrosion Initiation, Ember L. Sikorski, Brian J. Jaques, Lan Li

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

The magnetic properties of uranium nitride (UN) surfaces are not well understood experimentally or computationally but they have a significant effect on UN performance as a nuclear fuel. We investigated ferromagnetic (FM), antiferromagnetic (AFM), nonmagnetic (NM), and three hybrid magnetic structures of the most stable UN surface (100). To account for electron correlation and metastability, a U-ramp was performed to an effective Hubbard U-term of 2.0 eV. FM was found to be the most energetically favorable magnetic structure. Type 1 AFM slab was optimized to a new magnetic structure consisting of (100) planes with either all spin-up electrons, all spin-down …

Multifunctional Corrosion Control System As A Sustainable Approach For Reinforced Concrete Elements, Homero Castaneda, Miladin Radovic, Brendy Rincon, Oladis Troconis, Arturo Montoya, Changkyu Kim, Loreto Dacio

Data

Corrosion inhibitors can be utilized to decrease the corrosion kinetics and therefore increase the durability of reinforced concrete structures. Recently, a green synthesized organic compound, 1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole (BPT), was shown to be a successful green organic corrosion inhibitor for mild steel. Studies suggested that the BPT adsorbs chemically onto the steel and acts as a mixed inhibitor, suppressing both the anodic and cathodic corrosion kinetics of steel. In addition, microcapsules have shown to be an efficient way for a controlled inhibitor release in reinforced concrete structures. On the other hand, geopolymers (GPs) comprised of a long range of covalently bonded alumino-silicates, …

Multifunctional Corrosion Control System As A Sustainable Approach For Reinforced Concrete Elements, Homero Castaneda, Miladin Radovic, Brendy Rincon, Oladis Troconis, Arturo Montoya, Changkyu Kim, Loreto Dacio

Publications

Corrosion inhibitors can be utilized to decrease the corrosion kinetics and therefore increase the durability of reinforced concrete structures. Recently, a green synthesized organic compound, 1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole (BPT), was shown to be a successful green organic corrosion inhibitor for mild steel. Studies suggested that the BPT adsorbs chemically onto the steel and acts as a mixed inhibitor, suppressing both the anodic and cathodic corrosion kinetics of steel. In addition, microcapsules have shown to be an efficient way for a controlled inhibitor release in reinforced concrete structures. On the other hand, geopolymers (GPs) comprised of a long range of covalently bonded alumino-silicates, …

Modeling Of Hydrogen Sulfide Generation And Rates Of Microbial Induced Concrete Corrosion In Manhole Shafts, Sunakshi Hada

Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Manhole shafts can undergo infrastructure failure due to microbially induced concrete corrosion (MICC). Deterioration of the sewer systems by MICC process occurs due to the volatilization of hydrogen sulfide into the gas phase. The volatized hydrogen sulfide gas reacts with oxygen to form sulfuric acid, resulting in concrete corrosion. If optimum conditions are present, 24 mm of concrete loss can occur in 31 months, and the cost of fixing can range from $10-$30 per square foot. Also, if the manholes are not properly maintained, they can cause serious safety hazards, such as manhole lids falling through the structure, streets giving …

The Study Of Copper Corrosion Mechanisms Using Electrochemical Experimental Techniques., Evan Grimm

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to discover and thoroughly explain the corrosion mechanisms of copper in saltwater, tap water and deionized water, and to apply these methods and findings when testing the corrosion mechanisms of other materials. The experimental procedure consisted of measuring the open circuit potential, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, linear sweep voltammetry, and Tafel analysis.

The copper was found to corrode at a greater rate in saltwater, followed by tap water then deionized water, with a larger difference between saltwater and tap water than between tap water and deionized water. Each reaction was found to be both kinetically …

Electrochemical Corrosion Properties Of Ternary Al And Quaternary Zr Added Bell Metal In 0.1m Nacl Solution, Sakib Al Razi Khan, Mohammad Ashfaq Hossain, Maglub Al Nur, Mohammad Salim Kaiser

Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST)

The electrochemical corrosion property of ternary Al and quaternary Zr added Bell metal in 0.1M Sodium Chloride solution has been experimentally conducted at room temperature. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) method and Potentiodynamic polarization technique are used to carry out the electrochemical investigation. Microhardness test is also conducted for all three alloys and it reveals that Al addition increases the hardness of bell metal due to the formation of different intermetallic precipitates of Cu and Al. Optical Micrograph as well as Scanning Electron Micrograph have also been studied to characterize their surface condition. It is found that Zr addition refines the …

A Novel Probabilistic Framework Of Rc Corroded Structures Under Dynamic Loading, Rawan Mouin Mashmoushy Eng., Wael Slika, Adel Elkordi

BAU Journal - Science and Technology

Steel corrosion in reinforced concrete structures can lead to severe deterioration damage under static and seismic loads. In practice, it is essential to mitigate failure risk by quantifying the extent of damage and simulating the structural response of damaged structures. However, numerical modeling of the dynamic behavior of corroded structure is challenging due to high nonlinearity of the problem and its multidisciplinary nature. In addition, corrosion damage exhibits various sources of uncertainty that impede accurate deterministic modeling of the dynamic response of RC structures. Therefore, this study presents a simplified framework, to simulate the non-linear response of corroded structures under …

A Comparison Between Ultrasonic Guidedwave Leakage And Half-Cell Potential Methods In Detection Of Corrosion In Reinforced Concrete Decks, Ahmad Shoaib Amiri, Ece Erdogmus, Dana Richter-Egger

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

This article presents the advantages and limitations of a recently developed Ultrasonic Guided Wave Leakage (UGWL) method in comparison to the well-known Half-Cell Potential (HCP) method in their ability to detect corrosion in reinforced concrete (RC) bridge decks. This research also establishes a correlation between UGWL data and chloride content in concrete RC slabs. Concrete slabs submerged in a 10% NaCl solution were monitored using both methods over a period of six months. The chloride content from the three cores (0.84, 0.55, and 0.18%) extracted from the slab after the 6-month long process all exceeded the chloride threshold values suggested …

A Review On Alpha Case Formation And Modeling Of Mass Transfer During Investment Casting Of Titanium Alloys, R. Sharon Uwanyuze, Janos E. Kanyo, Sarah F. Myrick, Stefan Schafföner

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Titanium alloys have excellent corrosion resistance, high temperature strength, low density, and biocompatibility. Therefore, they are increasingly used for aerospace, biomedical, and chemical applications. Investment casting is a well-established process for manufacturing near-net-shape intricate parts for such applications. However, mass transfer arising from metal-mold reactions is still a major problem that drastically impairs the surface and properties of the castings. Although there have been astounding developments over the past 20 years, they remain scattered in various research papers and conference proceedings. This review summarizes the current status of the field, gaps in the scientific understanding, and the research needs for …

Effect Of Dissolved Oxygen On Corrosion Of Carbon And 13cr Steel In A Brine Environment, Kevin Peter Iu, Andy Zhou

Materials Engineering

Oxygen corrosion is a major threat to seawater injection systems that are part of offshore drilling operations. Seawater is typically deoxygenated to an industry standard of(DO) by injection through a deaeration column followed by treatment with oxygen scavenging chemicals. Commercial simulation software like OLI Studio: Corrosion Analyzer predicts high corrosion rates when injection seawater contains high DO levels, justifying deoxygenation. However, a notable lack of experimental data exists concerning the effect of varying levels of dissolved oxygen on corrosion rate. The goal of this project is to measure the effect of three dissolved oxygen levels (0, 62, and 620 ppb) …

Novel And Fast Peridynamic Models For Material Degradation And Failure, Siavash Jafarzadeh

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Fracture is one of the main mechanisms of structural failure. Corroded surfaces with chemically-induced damage are, notably, potential sites for crack initiation and propagation in metals, which can lead to catastrophic failure of structures. Despite some progress in simulating fracture and damage using classical models, realistic prediction of complex damage progression and failure has been out of reach for many decades. Peridynamics (PD), a nonlocal theory introduced in 2000, opened up new avenues in modeling material degradation and failure. Existing numerical methods used to discretize PD equations, however, are quite expensive as the PD nonlocal interactions make them unaffordable for …

Effects Of Carbon-Infiltrated Carbon Nanotube Growth On The Biocompatibility Of 316l Stainless Steel, Sterling Charles Voss

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this research is to identify the effects of the carbon-infiltrated carbon nanotube (CICNT) growth process on the material properties of 316L stainless steel, particularly those properties which are essential for biocompatibility. Physically altering the micro-topography of a surface can dramatically affect its capacity to support or prevent biofilm growth. Growing CICNTs on biomedical materials is one approach which has demonstrated success at preventing biofilm growth. Unfortunately, the high temperature and carbon-rich gas exposure required for this procedure has proven to have deleterious effects. Rusting has been observed on samples that have been coated with CICNTs and then …

Probabilistic Prediction Model For Rc Bond Failure Mode, Ahmad Soraghi, Qindan Huang

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Adequate rebar-concrete bonding is crucial to ensure the reliable performance of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. Many factors such as the concrete properties, concrete cover depth, transverse reinforcement, and the presence of corrosion will affect the bond behavior, and consequently, the structural performance. While many prior studies have focused on the influence of the aforementioned factors on the bond strength, the impact of these factors on the bond failure mode has not been thoroughly investigated. A probabilistic bond failure mode prediction model that considers various influencing factors including loading type and corrosion is developed in this study. This study uses the …

Corrosion Performance Of Additively Manufactured Alloys And Hot Corrosion, Ali Hemmasian Ettefagh

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Additive manufacturing (AM) has gained attention in recent years due to its unique properties in the fabrication of complex parts. Same as any other new topics, in some areas, there is still a lack of enough knowledge and there is the need for further investigations to enable the applications of AM parts widely in industries. ‎Chapter 2, and ‎Chapter 5 to ‎Chapter 8 of this report are focused on the corrosion properties of the parts and coatings fabricated using the laser powder bed fusion based AM method or laser surface processing method, including a comprehensive review. Laser powder bed fusion …

Corrosion Protective Film Formation On Mg Alloys Az 31 By Exposure To Dilute Selenite Solutions, Zhiyuan Feng, Charles C. Xu, Dadi Zhang, Rudolph Buchheit

Chemical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications

The study of protective film formation on Mg alloys by exposure to sodium selenite solutions was conducted. Anodic polarization studies, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies, morphological analysis, and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were performed on AZ31 Mg alloy after coating treatment in different concentrations of sodium selenite. The corrosion resistance was improved by around 5 times compared with control. Improved resistance to localized corrosion was observed in the coatings treated by 5 mM or 10 mM sodium selenite. The protection mechanism was ascribed to the transformation of selenite to insoluble selenium, the formation of insoluble MgSeO₃ hydrate, and polymerization of amorphous …

Rust Preventative Spray Varnish Verification And Nozzle Development, Dakota Snyder, Collin Whitely, Stephen Patrick, William Mccullough

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

This document details the research and selection of five rust preventative spray varnishes that were to be tested. These varnishes are known as the five materials. The materials underwent rust testing and in-depth analysis to see which protects against rust the best. In addition, the document reports on the construction of a prototype self-contained, automated spray varnishing unit.

Increasing The Corrosion Protection Of Aisi 1008 Carbon Steel By Surface Treatment With Unmodified And Benzotriazole Modified Sol-Gel Films, Shane Thomas Kelliher

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

The corrosion performance of sol-gel coated AISI 1008 carbon steel was investigated in 3.5 wt% NaCl solutions of pH 7, 9, and 12 using electrochemical measurements. A corrosion inhibitor, benzotriazole (BTA) was added to the sol-gel mixture and tested as a second, modified sol-gel coating. Sol-gel films adhered evenly to metal samples and were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) showed an increase in polarization resistance from blank to sol-gel coated samples (600-18,800,000 ohms). Cyclic polarization (CPP) curves showed positive hysteresis loops for blank and unmodified sol-gel coated samples which increased at high pH following the backward potential …

Exploring Rapid Solidification And Equal Channel Angular Pressing In The Fabrication Of Mg-Based Alloys For Medical Applications, Emily Tom

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

The development of magnesium bioresorbable implants has become increasingly popular due to the increased need for temporary implants and magnesium’s excellent biocompatibility and suitable elastic modulus. Even though magnesium is an excellent candidate, when alloyed with other metals magnesium’s corrosion rate becomes too rapid for bioresorbable medical applications. The investigation into novel processing techniques to control the formation of precipitates to improve mechanical strength and ductility as well as corrosion rates has become of interest. This work investigates the combination of two nonequilibrium processing techniques, rapid solidification (RS) and equal channel angular pressing (ECAP), and the effects it has on …

Assessment Of Cu(In, Ga)Se₂ Solar Cells Degradation Due To Water Ingress Effect On The Cds Buffer Layer, Deewakar Poudel, Benjamin Belfore, Shankar Karki, Grace Rajan, Sina Soltanmohammad, Angus Rockett, Sylvain Marsillac

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

The effect of water ingress on the surface of the buffer layer of a Cu(In, Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cell was studied. Such degradation can occur either during the fabrication process, if it involves a chemical bath as is often the case for CdS, or while the modules are in the field and encapsulants degrade. To simulate the impact of this moisture ingress, devices with a structure sodalime glass/Mo/CIGS/CdS were immersed in deionized water. The thin films were then analyzed both pre and post water soaking. Dynamic secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) was performed on completed devices to analyze impurity diffusion …

A Data-Driven Method For Online Monitoring Tube Wall Thinning Process In Dynamic Noisy Environment, Chen Zhang, Jun Long Lim, Ouyang Liu, Aayush Madan, Yongwei Zhu, Shili Xiang, Kai Wu, Rebecca Yen-Ni Wong, Jiliang Eugene Phua, Karan M. Sabnani, Keng Boon Siah, Wenyu Jiang, Yixin Wang, Emily Jianzhong Hao, Hoi, Steven C. H.

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Tube internal erosion, which corresponds to its wall thinning process, is one of the major safety concerns for tubes. Many sensing technologies have been developed to detect a tube wall thinning process. Among them, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors are the most popular ones due to their precise measurement properties. Most of the current works focus on how to design different types of FBG sensors according to certain physical laws and only test their sensors in controlled laboratory conditions. However, in practice, an industrial system usually suffers from harsh and dynamic environmental conditions, and FBG signals are affected by many …

Corrosion Of Coated And Uncoated Steel Reinforcement In Concrete, Jana Abou Shakra, Rouba Joumblat, Jamal Khatib, Adel Elkordi

BAU Journal - Science and Technology

Corrosion of reinforcing steel is the one of the main causes of deterioration in reinforced concrete structure. During the initial stage of corrosion, the steel volume increases. This creates tensile stresses in the concrete, which can eventually lead to cracking, delamination, and spalling. This potential risk of corrosion in a structure is quite unpredictable. Therefore, this paper examines the influence of accelerated corrosion on the bond between concrete and the coated and uncoated steel bars. The bar coating consisted of epoxy rich in zinc. Six concrete mixes were prepared. Three mixes had cement contents of 300, 400 and 500 Kg/m3 …