Engineering Commons^™

Development Of A Management Guide For Concrete Bridge Decks In Utah, Tenli Waters Emery

Theses and Dissertations

The objectives of this research were to 1) investigate bridge deck condition assessment methods used in the field and laboratory, methods of managing bridge decks, and methods for estimating remaining bridge deck service life using computer models through a comprehensive literature review on these subjects; 2) collect and analyze field data from representative concrete bridge decks in Utah; and 3) develop a decision tree for concrete bridge deck management in Utah. As a result of the literature review performed for objective 1, a synthesis of existing information about condition assessment, bridge deck preservation and rehabilitation, bridge deck reconstruction, and estimating …

A Computational Investigation Of The Interstitial Oxidation Thermodynamics Of A Mo-Nb-Ta-W High Entropy Alloy Beyond The Dilute Regime, Adib J. Samin

Faculty Publications

High entropy alloys (HEAs) are promising candidates for high-temperature structural material applications. Oxidation is a major factor that must be accounted for when designing such materials and it is thus important to study the oxidation behavior of HEAs to enable the optimum design of next generation materials. In this study, the thermodynamic behavior of interstitial oxygen in a Mo-Nb-Ta-W high entropy alloy was explored beyond the dilute limit. This was accomplished by sampling configurations of the HEA and HEA-oxygen systems from an isothermal–isobaric ensemble using a series of first-principle-based Monte Carlo simulations. It was found that the interstitial oxygen had …

Development Of Corrosion Inhibiting Geopolymers Based Cement For Transportation Infrastructure, Homero Castaneda, Miladin Radovic, Changkyu Kim, Oscar Huang

Data

Geopolymers are gaining attention as affordable, sustainable, and eco-friendly replacement for Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) in concrete civil structures. More importantly, Geopolymer-based Cement (GPC) provide sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to OPCs as GPC can be processed at room temperatures from aqueous solutions of waste materials (e.g., fly ash) or abounded natural sources (e.g., clay) and thus reduce significant CO₂ production associated with processing of OPC. Although, a lot of work has been done on improving mechanical properties of GPC over the last two decades, there are only a few studies on effects of GPC concrete on steel rebar …

Development Of Corrosion Inhibiting Geopolymers Based Cement For Transportation Infrastructure, Homero Castaneda, Miladin Radovic, Changkyu Kim, Oscar Huang

Publications

Geopolymers are gaining attention as affordable, sustainable, and eco-friendly replacement for Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) in concrete civil structures. More importantly, Geopolymer-based Cement (GPC) provide sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to OPCs as GPC can be processed at room temperatures from aqueous solutions of waste materials (e.g., fly ash) or abounded natural sources (e.g., clay) and thus reduce significant CO₂ production associated with processing of OPC. Although, a lot of work has been done on improving mechanical properties of GPC over the last two decades, there are only a few studies on effects of GPC concrete on steel rebar …

Neural Network Based Life Cycle Cost Analysis Of Metal Culverts Due To Corrosion Risks In Arkansas, Md Ariful Hasan

Student Theses and Dissertations

Corrosion potential of metallic structures in alluvial soils is governed by chemical and electromagnetic properties of the soils. Geotechnical engineers are generally more concerned about soil types and their physical and mechanical properties than the chemical properties. The main objective of this study is to analyze the geotechnical, electrochemical and electromagnetic properties of soils in Arkansas. Important parameters (e.g., soil resistivity) related to corrosion potential of metal culverts have been predicted through neural network (NN) models. The developed NN models have been trained and validated using laboratory test results of soil samples collected from Arkansas Department of Transportation (ARDOT), survey …

Longer Service Life Bridge Coatings, Danny Wells, Theodore Hopwood, Bobby Meade, Sudhir Palle

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The Kentucky Transportation Cabinet (KYTC) has maintenance oversight responsibilities for approximately 1,100 steel bridges; it also helps local governments and other entities with maintenance painting on other steel bridges. Because maintaining steel bridges is costly, Cabinet officials asked Kentucky Transportation Center (KTC) researchers to identify materials and methods that will prolong their service lives. Steel bridges are uniquely vulnerable to deterioration resulting from exposure to atmospheric conditions (e.g. moisture, ultraviolet rays) and chlorides, the latter due to the application of deicing materials. This study examines two strategies for extending service lives. First, it appraises a novel method of hot dip …

An Investigation On The Corrosion Inhibition Of Brazing Cu-Ag Alloy, Hooman Rahmani

Material Science and Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Adsorption and inhibition behavior of 1,2,3-benzotriazole (BTA) and 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (DMTD) on brazing Cu-Ag alloy was studied in deionized water using corrosion potential measurement, potentiodynamic polarization, adsorption isotherm investigation, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Pure Ag and pure Cu specimens were included to investigate the mere effect each component has on the alloy’s behavior along with a high copper alloy for comparison purposes. The electrochemical responses show that BTA shifts the corrosion potential of Cu to the noble direction but has the opposite effect for Ag and a mixed behavior for the Cu-Ag alloys. However, DMTD in …

Performance Of Cracked Reinforced Concrete Pipes Subjected To Different Environmental Conditions, Bassam Hatem Karim Al-Lami

Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Performance of reinforced concrete pipes, as a major part of the water and waste-water infrastructure, plays an important role in the resilience and sustainability of today’s modern cities. Cracks may appear in these pipes due to handling and placement and might affect their long-term performance due to corrosion concerns. Current practice for quality control after installation of these pipes is quite strict and any pipe with a crack width of more than 0.01" is not approved. The goal of this research project is to evaluate the performance of cracked reinforced concrete pipes subjected to saline environments with three different concentration …

Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries With Boron Doped Diamond As An Electrode., Alex M. Bates

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

As the interest and implementation of renewable energy accelerates, so does that of grid energy storage. It is widely believed that a cost-effective energy storage technology will bring about the proliferation of renewable energy. Redox flow battery (RFB) technology represents a promising solution to cost-effective grid energy storage. Compared to other technologies, RFBs have a long lifetime, high efficiency, are non-flammable, significantly reduce cost, and separately scale power and energy. The separation of power and energy enables increased energy capacity by simply adding electrolyte volume. Of the challenges facing RFB technology, one readily apparent is the cost of the active …

Electrochemical Response Of A Single Wire-Electrode Ac Probe In 3.5wt.% Nacl, Zhen-Wen Zou, Da-Jiang Zheng, Zi-Ming Wang, Guang-Ling Song

Journal of Electrochemistry

In this paper, a recently developed single wire-electrode AC probe technology which does not need a reference or counter electrode was employed to investigate the electrochemical corrosion and sacrificial anode protection behaviors of steel and zinc in 3.5wt.% NaCl. With this simple, fast, reliable and stable probe, the instantaneous corrosion rate and accumulated corrosion loss of carbon steel in 3.5wt.% NaCl were measured, and the results revealed that both were greater than those of zinc. Furthermore, the observed different corrosion behaviors between carbon steel and zinc during the immersion could be caused by their different surface films. With the galvanic …

Effect Of Acidification On The Microstructure And Physical Properties Of Shale, Chen Liuyu, Li Xijian, Shen Zhonghui, Xu Shiqing, Ma Shengxiang, Yin Xin

Coal Geology & Exploration

As the main shale gas reservoir in Guizhou, it is proved that Longmaxi Formation has good shale gas accumulation conditions and resource development potential. In order to reveal the response law of acidification on the micropore structure and physical properties of Longmaxi Formation shale in Guizhou, the difference in physical properties of shale microstructures before and after acidification, such as pore volume, porosity, specific surface area and pore size distribution was quantitatively characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD) analysis, mercury intrusion measurement, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) experiment. The structural characteristics of the shale pores before and after acidification were …

Prototype System For Implementing The Ultrasonic Guided Wave Method On The Field, Ece Erdogmus, Eric Garcia, Michael Schuller, Ahmad Shoaib Amiri

Nebraska Department of Transportation: Research Reports

This report presents the latest improvements in a recently developed nondestructive testing (NDT) technique for early detection of various flaws such as corrosion, delamination, and concrete cracking in reinforced concrete (RC) bridge decks. The method, named Ultrasonic Guided Wave Leakage (UGWL) method by the developing authors, involves use of internal steel reinforcement (rebar) as a wave guide for transmitting ultrasonic waves through the system and the measurement of leaked energy at the surface of the concrete. This report builds upon the progress made in the previously published phases of the project (M029 and M066), and aims to further explore the …

Pitting Corrosion Of Oerlikon’S Abrasion Resistant Ferritic Stainless Steels, Matthew P. Nalty, Emma Wagstaff

Materials Engineering

Existing hardfacing coatings for hydraulic cylinders and brake disc applications crack during use leaving the components susceptible to corrosion. To address this problem, Oerlikon has designed three new alloys to be abrasion and corrosion resistant. This paper reviews the literature necessary to understand and quantify pitting resistance of stainless-steel alloys. It documents one round of testing ASTM G48 method A: Ferric Chloride Pitting Test of Stainless Steels on the new alloys P72-X9, P72-X13, P129-X9, as well as samples of 431, 316, and 2205 stainless steels. This paper also discusses improvements to the G48 testing method and industry use of the …

Prediction On Service Life Of Concrete Pipeline Buried In Chlorinated Environment Under Nonuniformly Distributed Earth Pressure, Lin Li, Weibing Gong, Jingpei Li

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper proposes an analytical model to estimate the service life of concrete pipelines buried in chloride contaminated soils, which properly considers the effects of nonuniformly distributed earth pressures on both the internal tensile stress of concrete protective cover and the chloride diffusion coefficient through the nonhomogeneous coefficient of earth pressure. It is assumed that the underground concrete pipeline arrives at the service life end when cracking induced by expansion pressure due to the corrosion products occurs in the concrete protective cover. Hence, the whole service life of underground concrete pipeline is composed of chloride diffusion period and protective cover …

Research Of The Possibility Of Using Waste Of Paint And Varnish Materials For Anti-Corrosion Protection Of Metal Parts Of Transport Equipment, Aida Barxanadjyan, Ravshan Hakimov, Botir Ibragimov

Journal of Tashkent Institute of Railway Engineers

This work is devoted to the corrosion protection of metal parts of transport equipment. The purpose of this study is the use of waste paint and varnish materials (PVM) to obtain anti-corrosion coatings of metal parts. PVMwaste is the loss of paints obtained when painting automobiles. The epoxy polyurethane oligomer synthesized by us was used as a binder resin. During the research, the physicochemical properties of the waste were studied the components were selected to obtain anticorrosive mastic. The resulting mastic was tested in laboratory conditions in accordance with the standards for adhesion, chemical resistance, film strength in bending and …

Synthesis Of Nickel-Titanium Intermetallic Surface Coatings Via Electrolytic Plasma Processing, Brody Allen Moore

Material Science and Engineering Theses - Archive

Electrolytic plasma processing (EPP) is an environmentally friendly surface cleaning and deposition technique. Dependant on circuit polarity, anionic or cationic species can be deposited from an aqueous electrolyte bridge, resulting in characteristic nanograin surface morphology and very high deposition rates. This work was conducted to study the EPP process, develop optimal parameters for the synthesis of very hard surface coatings, and study the resultant physical and electrochemical properties of produced titanium-nickel intermetallic surfaces. This study focuses on Ni deposited onto pure Ti surfaces for improvement of surface wear, hardness, and corrosion properties while retaining uncompromised Ti bulk characteristics. The surface …

Simulation Of Oxygen Control Technology In Applications Of Liquid Lead And Lead– Bismuth Eutectic Systems For Mitigating Materials Corrosion Using The Lattice Boltzmann Method, Emad Pouryazdanpanah Kermani

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

This dissertation is a study of material corrosion, along with solving momentum, energy, and mass transport equations by using the Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) for the mesoscale modeling of oxygen transfer in liquid metals within a non-isothermal domain. One of the main goals of the project, proposed by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), is to control and decrease the corrosion of materials, which are often a common problem in advanced nuclear reactors and accelerator driven systems (ADS). One of the most efficient ways to decrease the corrosion rate is to add oxygen to the coolant to create an oxide …

Experimental Static And Cyclic Behavior Of Hybrid Non-Metallic Bridge Decks Reinforced With Discrete Gfrp Rebar And Gfrp Macrofiber, Jared W. Mcrory

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Bridge deck corrosion is a major expense in the U.S. every year. The increased use of deicing salts in cold weather climates has led to corrosion of the steel reinforcement in bridge decks, which leads to spalling and delamination of the concrete cover. This results in costly rehabilitations or repairs, and more sustainable bridge deck solutions must be provided to prevent this cycle.

As a part of this research project, a corrosion-resistant, hybrid reinforcement strategy that is shown to be cost neutral with epoxy coated rebar is proposed. The hybrid reinforcement strategy, consisting of discrete Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) …

Rapid Cross-Section Imaging With Magnetic And Impedance Sensors For Grout Anomaly Detection In External Post-Tensioned Tendons, Hani Freij

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Post-tensioned (PT) bridges have had severe corrosion issues with tendons that fail suddenly without prior notice. The corrosion of external post-tensioned tendons has been associated with grout deficiencies/anomalies from inadequate grouting. Deficiencies include voids, regions of chalky low strength grout, and regions where excessive water content or even free water is present. In those zones mechanical bonding of strand to the grout is degraded and, of more concern, the strand steel risks corrosion failure reducing the expected lifespan of the structure. As tendons are critical structural components, it is important to detect those deficiencies during inspection preferably by a cross …

Bridge Resilience Assessment With Inspire Data, Iris Tien, Yijian Zhang

Project RR-1

This project proposed a methodology to assess the impact of corrosion on the performance of bridges. The combined analytical and numerical modeling of shear-critical and lap-spliced columns is detailed, and outcomes are verified with previous experimental test data. The impact of corrosion on risk is assessed through conducting fragility analyses. Results quantify the increase in failure probabilities of these structures, measured by increasing probabilities of exceeding defined damage states, with increasing levels of corrosion. Corrosion is found to have a larger impact on increasing probabilities of exceeding more severe damage states. Twenty percent mass loss of reinforcement increases the probability …

Design, Microstructure And Properties Of Metastable Beta-Type Biomedical Titanium Alloys, Syed Faraz Jawed

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Many existing implant biomaterials including cobalt-chromium alloy, stainless steel, Ti-6Al-4V and commercially pure titanium have all been shown to demonstrate mechanical incompatibility, poor osseointegration and/or cause cytotoxic effects on the human body after some years of application, leading to revision surgery in most cases. Consequently, there is an immediate need for an enduring biomaterial that displays good mechanical properties and possesses biocompatibility and corrosion resistance, in order to reduce rates of revision surgeries. In this PhD work, based on the 𝐵𝑜̅̅̅̅-𝑀𝑑̅̅̅̅̅, 𝑒/𝑎̅̅̅̅̅-𝛥𝑟̅̅̅ and BF-d-electron superelastic theoretical relationships four new series of quaternary Ti-25Nb-8Zr-xCr, Ti-25Nb-xSn-yCr, Ti26Nb-xMn-yZr and Ti-25Nb-xMn-ySn alloys have been …

A Novel Structural Health Monitoring Method For Reinforced Concrete Bridge Decks Using Ultrasonic Guided Waves, Ece Erdogmus, Eric Garcia, Ahmad Shoaib Amiri, Michael Schuller

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

This article presents the latest improvements in a recently developed nondestructive testing (NDT) approach for early detection of various flaws (corrosion, delamination, and concrete cracking) in reinforced concrete (RC) bridge decks. The proposed method involves the use of internal steel reinforcement as a wave guide for transmitting ultrasonic waves through the system and the measurement of leaked energy from the surface of the concrete. This paper builds upon the progress made in the previously published phases of the project and aims to further explore the capabilities and practicality of the proposed NDT method. Specifically, the limits of propagation distance, effect …

Relating Surface Resistivity To Corrosion Of Rebar Embedded In Portland Cement Concrete, Luisa Alejandra Morales

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Reinforced concrete is widely used as a construction material known for its durability and proficiency of withstanding large forces in severe environments. Despite that the majority of these structures result in long-term performance, there is still a large number of failures of reinforced concrete structures as a result in corrosion of the reinforcement and concrete degradation. It is critical to assess the state of the corroded structure to decide on whether maintaining or replacing the structure is needed. The objective of this study is to characterize a relationship between the steel reinforcement corrosion and the concrete's resistivity. It is widely …

Testing The Effectiveness Of Reflective "Cool" Pigments, Ashleigh Carpenter

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

This project is an exploration of reflective "cooling" pigments used in coatings for the exterior of a structure in order to control the temperature inside. The pigments reflect sunlight to reduce the heating effect inside a structure. While the project will include the synthesis and testing of these pigments, the focus will be on the design and construction of an apparatus to test the effectiveness of these pigments. An apparatus will be constructed with a heat source and two structures of identical dimensions. The set-up will allow for the temperature of the inside of the structures to be recorded at …

Degradation Mechanism Due To Water Ingress Effect On The Top Contact Of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells, Deewakar Poudel, Shankar Karki, Benjamin Belfore, Grace Rajan, Sushma Swaraj Atluri, Sina Soltanmohammad, Angus Rockett, Sylvain Marsillac

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

The impact of moisture ingress on the surface of copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) solar cells was studied. While industry-scale modules are encapsulated in specialized polymers and glass, over time, the glass can break and the encapsulant can degrade. During such conditions, water can potentially degrade the interior layers and decrease performance. The first layer the water will come in contact with is the transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layer. To simulate the impact of this moisture ingress, complete devices were immersed in deionized water. To identify the potential sources of degradation, a common window layer for CIGS devices—a bilayer of …

Strengthening Of Corroded Steel Structures Using Cfrp – An Experimental Review, Ghada El-Mahdy Ph.D., P.Eng, Abdallah H. Yassin, Abdel El Rahman Khaled

Civil Engineering

Fibre reinforced polymers (FRP) have been widely used to strengthen reinforced concrete structures, however, nowadays their use to strengthen steel structures is under investigation. In particular, the need to strengthen corroded steel structures found in aggressive environments, such as marine environments, which have undergone a reduction in cross-sectional area and hence a reduction in their load-carrying capacity is in need of studying. The main problems that arise when using carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets to strengthen steel structures is the weakness in the interfacial bond between the CFRP and the steel surface, the thinness of CFRP sheet, and the …

Retrofit Of Corroded Corrugated Metal Culverts Using Gfrp Slip-Liner, Rahulreddy Chennareddy

Civil Engineering ETDs

Culverts are water conveyance structures, typically used to allow water flow and maintain a balance between the flow streams without interrupting structures such as highways and bridges. Corrugated metal pipes (CMPs) have been used as culverts in North America since the 1950s because of their low cost and simple construction method. Today, the corrosion of CMPs is a major problem faced by all U.S. Departments of Transportation. There is an urgent need to provide an efficient solution, one that is corrosion-resistant, to retrofit thousands of corroded CMPs across the country. High specific strength, high strength to weight ratio, corrosion resistance, …

Synergistic Effect Of Nanocoatings For Corrosion And Wear Protection Of Steel Surfaces, Jaime Taha-Tijerina, Laura Peña Parás, Antonio Sánchez Fernández, Demófilo Maldonado Cortés, Pablo Sarmiento Barbosa, Jesús Rolando Adán López

Informatics and Engineering Systems Faculty Publications

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the corrosion and wear protection of a steel substrate by epoxy vinyl ester nanocomposite coatings with Zn and TiO2 nanoparticle fillers. Steel substrates were coated with epoxy vinyl ester nanocomposites, varying Zn and TiO2 nanofiller concentrations and combinations of both nanoparticles. Corrosion resistance was evaluated by salt spray fog test during 480 h, according to ASTM B-117. The degree of damage was obtained quantitatively by measuring the enhancement in corroded area compared to the scribe mark. Tribological evaluation was performed with a ball-on-disk tribotester, according to ASTM G-99. Results showed that the …

Integrated Sensor Network For Monitoring Steel Corrosion In Concrete Structures, José Enrique Ramón-Zamora, José Manuel Gandia-Romero, Román Bataller, Ana Martínez-Ibernón, Isabel Gasch, Juan Soto

International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures

The developed Integrated Sensor Network (ISN) allows a non-destructive monitoring of the rebar condition at different parts of the structure. The corrosion sensor allows the accurate determination of the corrosion rate (µm/year). Moreover, additional sensors are integrated in order to detect relevant changes in the concrete electrochemical condition.

The ISN has been published as an international invention patent (reference number WO 2016/177929 A1). The system is based on an economic, simple, reliable and durable technology, which makes its implementation viable on new and repaired reinforced concrete structures (RCS). Therefore, it is also possible monitoring non-accessible parts such as deep foundations …

Micro-Mechanical Analysis Of Corrosion Products Formed During Long-Term Carbonation Induced Corrosion Of Steel, Marijana Serdar, Dubravka Bjegovic, Valérie L’Hostis, Stéphane Poyet, Damien Féron

International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures

During corrosion distinct types of corrosion products form, composed of different ratios of ferrous ions and oxide, hydroxides. Corrosion products have different physical and mechanical properties, mainly density, resistivity, volume and modulus of elasticity compared to iron. Knowing properties of corrosion products is indispensable for service life modelling of structures and can give valuable insight into the long-term corrosion propagation process. In this study micro-indentation method was used to evaluate mechanical properties of different layers formed during long-term carbonation induced corrosion of steel in concrete. Investigation was performed on three sets of reinforced concrete samples, that underwent corrosion during 50, …