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Full-Text Articles in Curriculum and Instruction

Unlocking The 7 Intelligences: Applying Multiple Intelligences In Rsl Training, Erin Ryan Oct 2025

Unlocking The 7 Intelligences: Applying Multiple Intelligences In Rsl Training, Erin Ryan

Goal 3: Interpersonal Intelligence Narrative

The purpose of this resource is to inform student leaders about the different ways information can be presented and the diverse ways individuals learn. It introduces the idea that people may think and process information differently, and that these differences do not prevent learning or engagement.

This resource is intended to support student leaders in developing more inclusive and effective presentation styles. By understanding multiple approaches to learning, student leaders can adapt how they share information to better reach a wider audience.

Additionally, this resource introduces a student development theory based on the work of Howard Gardner and his theory …


Genai Literacy Framework For Library Instruction, Adwoa Boateng, Jennifer Freer, Greyson Pasiak, Erich Short, Ryan Tolnay, Rit Libraries Oct 2025

Genai Literacy Framework For Library Instruction, Adwoa Boateng, Jennifer Freer, Greyson Pasiak, Erich Short, Ryan Tolnay, Rit Libraries

Presentations and other scholarship

A generative artificial intelligence (genai) framework for library instruction. This short framework is designed to incorporate into existing library instruction across many subject areas. The basic elements of the framework are: know & understand genai, use & evaluate genai, and library research & discovery with genai.


Ua 64/2 The Challenge: Magazine For The Center For Gifted Studies (No. 59 Fall 2025), Elizabeth Joyce Editor Oct 2025

Ua 64/2 The Challenge: Magazine For The Center For Gifted Studies (No. 59 Fall 2025), Elizabeth Joyce Editor

Gifted Studies Publications

Magazine created by and about the WKU Center for Gifted Studies.


Curiosity, Intention, And Reflection On Teaching And Learning Edps 967 Motivation In Education: A Teaching Portfolio, Mary G. Zeleny Oct 2025

Curiosity, Intention, And Reflection On Teaching And Learning Edps 967 Motivation In Education: A Teaching Portfolio, Mary G. Zeleny

UNL Faculty Course Portfolios

The intention of this course portfolio is to reflectively explore more deeply the teaching and learning of the Educational Psychology graduate course, EDPS 967- Motivation in Education. This course provides a foundation of theories and concepts related to motivation from a psychological perspective, including the interrelatedness of affect and emotion, with an emphasis on the learning environment. The course focuses on different theories of motivation, motivation in education, and considering theoretical applications in education, as well as professionally and personally. The class explored motivation, including the impact of emotions in motivation, through reading, course activities, assignments, and discussion. Goals included …


A Comparative Analysis Of Sel And Character Education Models: Impact On Instructional Time Loss And Student Behavior In Middle School, Clare Mcdowell Oct 2025

A Comparative Analysis Of Sel And Character Education Models: Impact On Instructional Time Loss And Student Behavior In Middle School, Clare Mcdowell

Master's Theses & Capstone Projects

The purpose of this single-case, inquiry-based capstone project was to investigate the effectiveness of a systemic Social-Emotional Learning (SEL) program in mitigating instructional time loss caused by escalating student behavioral challenges in a middle school setting. The methodology involved analyzing administrative disciplinary referral data from a highly structured, multi-tiered SEL program (School A). Findings affirmed a clear inverse relationship: high-fidelity SEL exposure correlated with a significant reduction in disruptive incidents, which demonstrated the efficacy of proactive skill instruction in reclaiming instructional time. However, the study's central limitation was its inability to isolate the effect of the universal curriculum from the …


Navigating Towards Sustainability: The Case Of Ateneo De Manila University, Ma. Assunta C. Cuyegkeng, Abigail Marie T. Favis, Emmanuel D. Delocado Oct 2025

Navigating Towards Sustainability: The Case Of Ateneo De Manila University, Ma. Assunta C. Cuyegkeng, Abigail Marie T. Favis, Emmanuel D. Delocado

Reports

This case study shows how Ateneo de Manila, a private Philippine university, began its sustainability journey in 2008, maneuvered barriers to introduce collaborative academic programs in sustainability in 2015, and continues with its aspirations through committing to be a Laudato Si’ University in 2022. Stakeholder engagement and sustainability leadership were big factors in raising awareness, changing institutional practices, embedding sustainable technologies, and generating sustainability reports during the first seven years. The next seven years were influenced by increasing demand from industry to understand sustainability due to government requirements, which led to the introduction of new academic programs as well as …


Teachers' Competence In Teaching Twice- Exceptional Students In The Sultanate Of Oman, Ahmad “Mohammad Jalal” Al-Fawair Oct 2025

Teachers' Competence In Teaching Twice- Exceptional Students In The Sultanate Of Oman, Ahmad “Mohammad Jalal” Al-Fawair

Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies

The current study aimed to determine the level of teachers’ competence in teaching twice-exceptional students in the Sultanate of Oman. To achieve this aim, a Teachers’ Competence Scale for Teaching Twice-Exceptional Students was developed. The study sample included (150) teachers who teach twice-exceptional students. Results revealed that the overall level of teachers’ competence in teaching twice-exceptional students in Sultanate of Oman was moderate, as well as in the dimensions of collaboration and teaching strategies, while it was low in the dimensions of interaction and classroom management. Results also indicated that gender had no significant effect on teachers’ competence levels neither …


The Relative Contribution Of Career Sustainability To The Psychological Well-Being Of Teachers In Syrian Refugee Camps In Light Of Some Variables, Ahmad Mohammad Sulieman Bani Khalid, Omar Atallah Ali Al-Adamat Oct 2025

The Relative Contribution Of Career Sustainability To The Psychological Well-Being Of Teachers In Syrian Refugee Camps In Light Of Some Variables, Ahmad Mohammad Sulieman Bani Khalid, Omar Atallah Ali Al-Adamat

Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies

The study aimed to identify the level of both Career Sustainability and psychological well-being among teachers in Syrian refugee camps, and the relative contribution of Career Sustainability to psychological well-being. The study sample consisted of 282 teachers (138 males, 144 females) from the Syrian refugee camp in Jordan, selected by convenience sampling. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researchers used (Chin et al., 2022) scale of Career Sustainability and (Anyamesem-Poku & Parmar., 2024) scale of teachers’ psychological well-being after ensuring reliability and validity. The results of the study indicated that the overall level of Career Sustainability was (high) …


The Role Of Scientific, Critical, And Creative Thinking Skills In Equipping Students With Problem-Solving Skills: A Field Study Among A Sample Of Sultan Qaboos University Students, Noureddine Chebbi, Wafa Al Mamaria, Suleiman Zakaria Oct 2025

The Role Of Scientific, Critical, And Creative Thinking Skills In Equipping Students With Problem-Solving Skills: A Field Study Among A Sample Of Sultan Qaboos University Students, Noureddine Chebbi, Wafa Al Mamaria, Suleiman Zakaria

Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies

The ability to think scientifically, critically, and creatively is essential for students to meet the challenges of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The current study sought to assess the sources and level of acquisition of scientific, critical, and creative thinking skills by Sultan Qaboos University students, and to determine the impact of these skills on their problem- solving abilities. The study random sample consisted of 384 male and female students selected from all colleges of Sultan Qaboos University. Study data was collected automatically via an electronic platform specifically developed for the study. Descriptive and correlational analyses were used to assess skill …


Are We Expert Enough? Confronting Self-Doubt Through Critical Friendship., Kristen Gregory, Mark Diacopoulos Oct 2025

Are We Expert Enough? Confronting Self-Doubt Through Critical Friendship., Kristen Gregory, Mark Diacopoulos

Open Educational Resources - Teaching and Learning

No abstract provided.


“Sometimes I Have To Figure Things Out By Talking About Them”: Conceptualizing Think-Aloud Protocols As Spaces For Reflexivity During Open Textbook Construction, Dawn Atkinson, Stacey Corbitt Oct 2025

“Sometimes I Have To Figure Things Out By Talking About Them”: Conceptualizing Think-Aloud Protocols As Spaces For Reflexivity During Open Textbook Construction, Dawn Atkinson, Stacey Corbitt

Writing

Abstract Open textbooks, freely available open educational resources, have an ever-growing presence in learning environments around the world, though detailed studies of their development are rare. The challenges of tracking textbook writing activity in a precise manner over time may account for this sparsity. To highlight how process-tracing research can contribute insight to the textbook development literature, particularly that focused on open textbook writing, this study addresses the roles that think-aloud protocols (TAPs) played during the construction of an open corequisite writing textbook. The volume, which was designed with underprepared university students in mind, stresses the growth of academic and …


Cooperative Learning And The Impact On Student Engagement, Erin Pint Oct 2025

Cooperative Learning And The Impact On Student Engagement, Erin Pint

Master's Theses & Capstone Projects

Cooperative learning is an essential instructional approach that supports student engagement. There is limited implementation of this learning method in the classroom which leads to students lacking motivation and opportunities to collaborate with their peers. Research has shown that when teachers incorporate cooperative learning experiences, students demonstrate increased participation which leads to deeper understanding of the content. This inquiry-based research study aims to determine whether cooperative learning can improve student engagement. The study utilized a qualitative approach, using both student and educator surveys as well as field notes. Findings revealed that most students prefer learning alongside at least one peer …


Creative Development And The Repertory Grid Method: Investigating How A Team Of Theater Teaching Artists Describe And Assess The Formative Creative Skills And Dispositions Of Students, Mark Andrew Onuscheck Oct 2025

Creative Development And The Repertory Grid Method: Investigating How A Team Of Theater Teaching Artists Describe And Assess The Formative Creative Skills And Dispositions Of Students, Mark Andrew Onuscheck

Theses and Dissertations from DePaul University

This mixed-methods study explores how a team of theater teaching artists describes and assesses the formative creative skills and dispositions of students participating in an after-school theater arts program, and it explores how repertory grid methods may support curricular, instructional, assessment, and feedback practices within such programs. Rooted in personal construct theory and curriculum studies, this research investigates how creative development—often viewed as elusive—is revealed through educators’ language, perceptions, and evaluative choices.   Using repertory grid interviewing and statistical rating protocols, the study identifies how participating teaching artists articulate the “language of learning” related to creative performance, uncovering 68 formative creative …


The Degree Of Digital Fluency Availability Among Middle School English Teachers In Bisha City, Sharifah Al-Shahrani, Ahmad Al- Daleel Oct 2025

The Degree Of Digital Fluency Availability Among Middle School English Teachers In Bisha City, Sharifah Al-Shahrani, Ahmad Al- Daleel

Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies

The aim of this study was to assess the dimensions of digital fluency (technical, cognitive, social, and security/privacy) among middle school English teachers in Bisha Governorate, Saudi Arabia. The study included 157 teachers selected using a simple random sampling method. The researchers employed a descriptive survey approach and used a questionnaire as the research instrument. The study results showed that the level of availability of the dimensions of digital fluency among middle school English teachers in Bisha Governorate varied: the social dimension ranked first with a mean score of 4.35, indicating a very high level of availability; followed by the …


Big Five Personality Traits: A Comparative Study Of University Students In Six Arab Countries, Ahmed Mohamed Abdel Khalek, Mayssah Ahmed El Nayal, Asma Abdulla Al-Attiyah, Adel Shukri Karim, Atef Masad Al-Sharbini, Shaikha Ahmed Al-Junaid, Slah Eddine Ben Fadheln, Gomaa Said Mohamed Abdelhamid, Kholoud Adeeb Al-Dababneh, Mona Ghazi Sayegh, Mahmoud Mohamed Emam Oct 2025

Big Five Personality Traits: A Comparative Study Of University Students In Six Arab Countries, Ahmed Mohamed Abdel Khalek, Mayssah Ahmed El Nayal, Asma Abdulla Al-Attiyah, Adel Shukri Karim, Atef Masad Al-Sharbini, Shaikha Ahmed Al-Junaid, Slah Eddine Ben Fadheln, Gomaa Said Mohamed Abdelhamid, Kholoud Adeeb Al-Dababneh, Mona Ghazi Sayegh, Mahmoud Mohamed Emam

Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies

This study aimed to compare the Big Five personality traits among university students of both genders across six Arab countries: Qatar, Jordan, Iraq, Tunisia, Oman, and Bahrain (N = 1,729). Participants completed the Arabic version of the Big Five Personality Inventory, enabling a cross-national analysis of personality trait distributions. The results indicated distinct national patterns: Jordanian students scored the highest on Extraversion, Iraqi students on Neuroticism, Bahraini students on Agreeableness and Conscientiousness, and Qatari students on Openness. In contrast, Tunisian students had the lowest mean scores for Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness, while Bahraini students had the lowest mean for Neuroticism, …


Making Math Accessible: Addressing Language Challenges In 3rd Grade English Medium Math Classrooms, Salha Mohamad Oct 2025

Making Math Accessible: Addressing Language Challenges In 3rd Grade English Medium Math Classrooms, Salha Mohamad

Theses

The research article, Making Math Accessible: Addressing Language Difficulties in 3rd Grade English Medium Math Classrooms, addresses the issue of how the teachers in UAE elementary schools assist a student who is to study mathematics in English rather than Arabic. In the School X, Grades 1 and 2 applied mathematics and science using the Ministry of Education (MOE) Arabic-medium curriculum. Since Grade 3, however, the school has used the American curriculum, so students are expected to study these subjects in English. This change brings major barriers in understanding basic mathematical terms, word problems, and instructions. The research applies …


Reform And Exploration Of Talent Cultivation In Public Security Intelligence, Lei Hong, Guangliang Gao Oct 2025

Reform And Exploration Of Talent Cultivation In Public Security Intelligence, Lei Hong, Guangliang Gao

Journal of Scientific Information Research

[Purpose/significance] Public security intelligence work has undergone a significant transformation from passive defense to proactive early warning, with corresponding shifts in its core functions. The cultivation of public security intelligence talents rooted in practical combat has evolved alongside the development of intelligence work, necessitating a clear understanding of its historical development and future prospects.

[Method/process] By employing a comprehensive approach that integrates literature analysis, data interpretation, and historical examination, this study systematically reviews the evolution of public security intelligence education from the perspectives of practical intelligence work, the overarching public security education system, and the specific aspects of intelligence education.It …


Active Learning: Eight Models That Shape Instructional Practice, A.E. Dreyfuss, Ana Fraiman, Karmen T. Yu Oct 2025

Active Learning: Eight Models That Shape Instructional Practice, A.E. Dreyfuss, Ana Fraiman, Karmen T. Yu

Publications and Research

Developed since the mid-20th century, several instructional models have provided practical means to shift the emphasis in learning from lecture to engagement by students. The snapshots of models presented in this paper include Cooperative Learning, Problem-Based Learning (PBL), Supplemental Instruction (SI) (also PALS, PASS), Team-Based Learning (TBL), Emerging Scholars Program (Mathematics Workshop, MathExcel), Peer-Led Team Learning (PLTL), Process Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning (POGIL), and Learning Assistants (LA). These models have been well-disseminated, widely adopted, and incorporated in disciplines beyond their origins. For purposes of exploration and consideration of implementation, these “snapshots” provide an overview. Features of each model are …


Tutoring Online During The Covid-19 Pandemic: Use Of Critical Incidents To Improve Practice, A.E. Dreyfuss, Jose Armando Sanchez Diaz, Barakat Adigun, Helen Baraki, Thalyia Thompson Oct 2025

Tutoring Online During The Covid-19 Pandemic: Use Of Critical Incidents To Improve Practice, A.E. Dreyfuss, Jose Armando Sanchez Diaz, Barakat Adigun, Helen Baraki, Thalyia Thompson

Publications and Research

Developing expertise in the practice of online tutoring is presented by peer tutors who provided support to students with synchronous sessions with the onset of COVID-19. The experiences and learning of peer tutors were probed through the use of critical incidents (Flanagan, 1954), and how weekly training meetings provided support to them, creating a collaboration among the tutors and the training manager.


Better Together: Including Students In High School English Language Arts Course And Curriculum Design, Katelin E. Held Sep 2025

Better Together: Including Students In High School English Language Arts Course And Curriculum Design, Katelin E. Held

Doctorate in Education

This qualitative action research study examined how having students cocreate secondary English Language Arts (ELA) curriculum alongside teachers influenced student engagement and ownership of learning and staff attitudes toward cocreation. Conducted in a Midwestern U.S. public high school ELA department, the study involved four student and four educator participants, all of whom engaged in restorative-style focus groups with a larger number of students and teachers to collaboratively generate ideas for new course offerings. The study students and adults then participated in small-group semi structured interviews. Data were collected through audio-recorded group discussions, individual interviews, and researcher memos and were analyzed …


Integrating Transversal Skills In Hospitality And Tourism Curricula: Practical Recommendations From Faculty., Brendan Cronin, Iris Zwissig Sep 2025

Integrating Transversal Skills In Hospitality And Tourism Curricula: Practical Recommendations From Faculty., Brendan Cronin, Iris Zwissig

ICHRIE Research Reports

Transversal skills have gained increased attention due to rapid technological advances. As AI solutions emerge and new jobs arise from digital access and growing work-age populations (World Economic Forum, 2025), academics must reassess teaching methods and the skills needed in a changing workplace. Incorporating hard and soft skills in hospitality and tourism curricula is vital (Ezeuduji et al., 2023). However, research found that many faculty do not feel prepared to incorporate transversal skills in their teaching. This article presents an innovative approach with recommendations for integrating transversal skills through curriculum enhancement and teaching methods. The authors propose a three-step framework: …


Proceedings Of The Ursinus Colloquium On Liberal Education: Liberal Arts On Offense, Stephanie Mackler, Allison E. Carey, Matt Kozusko, Mark Schneider Sep 2025

Proceedings Of The Ursinus Colloquium On Liberal Education: Liberal Arts On Offense, Stephanie Mackler, Allison E. Carey, Matt Kozusko, Mark Schneider

Ursinus Colloquium on Liberal Education

About • Liberal Arts on Offense: Introductory Remarks • Questions Posed to the Alumni Panel • Panel Remarks from Session One: Offensive Liberal Arts • List of Participants


Ursinus Colloquium On Liberal Education: Liberal Arts On Offense, Ursinus College Sep 2025

Ursinus Colloquium On Liberal Education: Liberal Arts On Offense, Ursinus College

Ursinus Colloquium on Liberal Education

This program for Ursinus College's third Colloquium on Liberal Education lists the speakers, panel discussions and activities of the two-day event. It includes alumni reflections on the value of a liberal education and provides introductory remarks about the relationship between liberal education and pre-professional education.


Science Unleashed: The Influence Of Science Content Implementation Within Learning Management Systems, D'Aieriean Murray Sep 2025

Science Unleashed: The Influence Of Science Content Implementation Within Learning Management Systems, D'Aieriean Murray

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The qualitative, phenomenological study addressed the factors secondary science teachers face in implementing the science content in online LMS while continuing to teach in traditional classrooms. The research addressed the adequate training secondary science teachers may or may not have received in LMS and technology integration into the classroom. Utilizing Bruner's constructivist theory (1966) concerning the virtual classroom to recognize the imperativeness of educators in curriculum development to answer the question, "How are science teachers' experiences regarding the effectiveness of LMS and online learning?" While conducting a literature analysis, the most frequent themes were faculty readiness, transitioning to online education …


Ditch Tradition...And Move To Case-Based Learning, Emily Dane-Staples Sep 2025

Ditch Tradition...And Move To Case-Based Learning, Emily Dane-Staples

The COSMA Journal

Recent criticisms of higher education include a lack of relevance and alignment with what employers are seeking in new hires. A lecture-based approach to teaching has proved less effective than other active learning strategies and does not adequately mimic the working environment sport professionals face. To better align the classroom and the workplace, a case-based learning approach can be used. This pedagogy blends high impact practices that have been demonstrated to assist students in knowledge acquisition and soft skill development by replacing traditional lecture and chapter readings with real-life scenarios that require student engagement with concepts in application. The technique …


The Outcomes Of Exercises Pertaining To Application And Reproduction Of Knowledge Within A Preclinical Dental Anatomy Course- A Review, Gitta Radjaeipour, Daniel Castagna, Bernadette Alvear Fa Sep 2025

The Outcomes Of Exercises Pertaining To Application And Reproduction Of Knowledge Within A Preclinical Dental Anatomy Course- A Review, Gitta Radjaeipour, Daniel Castagna, Bernadette Alvear Fa

Oral Health

Synopsis: Applying and reproducing knowledge doctrines are two major themes in teaching and learning exercises in laboratory technique courses. Data reviewed in this study examines the correlation of applying and reproducing knowledge. Exercises included occlusion wax-ups pertaining to application and esthetic wax-ups pertaining to reproduction of knowledge. Methods: Student performances in five consecutive graduating classes from 2013 to 2017 over five year period were observed and association between the two exercises measured. Mean scores in individual and combined groups were assessed. Data showed trends for high and low performers in three modes: combined, occlusion and esthetic performances analyzed. Results: …


An Online Scientific Twitter World: Social Network Analysis Of #Sciencetwitter, #Scicomm, And #Academictwitter, Man Zhang, Lisa Lundgren, Ha Nguyen Sep 2025

An Online Scientific Twitter World: Social Network Analysis Of #Sciencetwitter, #Scicomm, And #Academictwitter, Man Zhang, Lisa Lundgren, Ha Nguyen

Instructional Technology and Learning Sciences Student Research

Understanding who makes up online affinity spaces as well as how information flows within those spaces is important as more people access news, research topics, collaborate with others, and entertain themselves. During a month-long period in summer 2021, we collected 100,000 tweets from 53,311 Twitter users who used the hashtags #ScienceTwitter, #SciComm, and #AcademicTwitter. We then classified users and determined the type of social network they formed. Scientists, the public, and educators formed this affinity space. They built connections by initiating activities and interacting with others, which created a Community Clusters social network structure, characterized by several medium-sized groups of …


Interleukin-6 (Il-6) Mediated Pathways In Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (Nafld) And Its Implications On Magnesium And Zinc Mineral Deficiencies: A Scoping Review, Marianne Koleng, Leann Nguyen Sep 2025

Interleukin-6 (Il-6) Mediated Pathways In Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (Nafld) And Its Implications On Magnesium And Zinc Mineral Deficiencies: A Scoping Review, Marianne Koleng, Leann Nguyen

Department of Nutrition Student Projects

The prevalence and incidence of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is rising. In the United States alone, the prevalence of NAFLD is currently 38% and there has been a 50% increase over the last three decades. The present study investigated the role of ultratrace mineral deficiencies, specifically magnesium (Mg) and zinc (Zn), and if so, what nutritional interventions could be made to ameliorate or protect against the development of NAFLD. The role of trace and ultratrace minerals in pro-inflammatory cytokine pathways contributing to NAFLD, specifically Interleukin-6 (IL-6), were investigated. IL-6 is produced by hepatocytes and plays a crucial role in …


Playful Learning Journeys: Exploring The Perceptions And Knowledge Of Lecturers/Tutors And Student Teachers, Frank Twum, Samuel Kweku Hayford, Dandy Dampson, Johnnie Kojo Hayford Sep 2025

Playful Learning Journeys: Exploring The Perceptions And Knowledge Of Lecturers/Tutors And Student Teachers, Frank Twum, Samuel Kweku Hayford, Dandy Dampson, Johnnie Kojo Hayford

Journal of Educational Research and Practice

This paper investigated the perceptions and knowledge of play-based learning (PBL) by lecturers/tutors and student teachers. Ninety lecturers/tutors (68 males, 22 females) and 363 student teachers (191 males, 172 females) participated in the study. While both lecturers/tutors and student teachers favored PBL, they had some concerns. Lecturers/tutors acknowledged the benefits of PBL, including its enhancement of memory, conceptual development, and motor skills in children. However, nearly two-thirds found it time-consuming. Student teachers were of the view PBL promoted positive student experiences. However, more than half felt PBL offered limited opportunities for their own learning during lessons. Both groups demonstrated knowledge …


Development Of Interactive Learning Media Based On Illustrated Word Cards To Improve Students' Reading Skills, Laila Nadya, Riris Nurkholida Rambe Sep 2025

Development Of Interactive Learning Media Based On Illustrated Word Cards To Improve Students' Reading Skills, Laila Nadya, Riris Nurkholida Rambe

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

To improve the reading skills of first-grade elementary school students in Indonesian, particularly in relation to reading, this project aims to create picture card-based learning materials. The five steps of the ADDIE development model, namely analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation, were used in the research and development (R&D) process. Pretests and posttests, expert validation, questionnaires, interviews, and observations were some of the methods used to collect data. Experts in content, media, and language verified the media that had been created, and feedback from teachers and students assessed its usefulness. With a feasibility rating of 94% from media experts, 91% …