Philosophy Commons^™

Understanding Authoritarianism, Fascism, Far-Right Politics, And Anti-Democratic Processes, Paul Viafranco

Master of Arts in English Plan II Graduate Projects

In this portfolio, Paul Viafranco seeks to understand the rise of Authoritarianism, Fascism, Far-Right Politics, and Anti-Democratic Processes, by delving into Executive Order 9066, Marine Le Pen’s use of medievalism, Donald Trump’s discourse, and the various factors that contribute to the need for seeking asylum or refugee status.

Solving The Logical Problem Of Evil Using The Principles Of Programming, Daniel Joel Edmond

Masters Theses

The purpose of this thesis is to offer a solution to the logical problem of evil, using computer programming principles to establish a logical model to the solution. Rather than engage in a purely philosophical discussion, the emphasis of this thesis is to establish a reasonable and applicable model that allows for a practical description of the solution using a framework built on computer programming principles.

The Blind Scientist: A Critique Of Neo-Darwinism's A Priori Assumptions, Alexander James Bonitto

Masters Theses

This paper investigates neo-Darwinian fallacies specifically regarding a priori presumptions, leading to weak scientific methodology and praxis. It was found that five concepts must be true for neo-Darwinism to be true. These are gradualism, the tree of life hypothesis, the evidence of micro-evolutionary change accounting for macro-evolutionary change, time and chance, and methodological naturalism. Prima facie, these concepts have tremendous explanatory power. However, with an attempt to carefully examine these concepts, all five seem to be assumed a priori in order to dictate the outcome of neo-Darwinism rather than letting the evidence speak for itself. Coincidentally, it appears that the …

Bible Or Qur'Ān? Which Passes The Bibliographical Test, Raini J. Yeakel

Masters Theses

A customary interrogation tactic used against Christians is to question the transmissional accuracy of the Bible from the Apostle’s writing to the present. Muslims are especially antagonistic in this accusation while asserting the superiority of the Qur’ān to near perfect transmissional accuracy. However, they are egregiously mistaken in these assertions. Though on the surface, the bibliographical test might begin to look like the Qur’ān may surpass the Bible, a more in-depth investigation proves otherwise. The fact that the Qur’ān does not, and never has, had a sole autograph but, instead, many varying writings attempting to preserve Mohammad’s teachings. Then later …

Deploying Secular Historian's Rules As An Apologetic Method To Persuade Secular Naturalists/Humanists That Demons Exist, Mark P. Ragsdale

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Secular Humanists/Naturalists presuppose a priori that the existence and activity of non-material, incorporeal, spirit beings are not possible. Like a First Order Skeptic argues that one cannot be sure of anything beyond perception, the Secularist accepts existence of all that is material while rejecting any spiritual realm. The dissertation qualitatively ties together themes arguing that the same standards secularists apply to vetting any commonly accepted historical event whatever also inductively supports the existence and activity of demons.

The Doctrine Of Double Effect, Tanya Solis

The Agora

The Doctrine of Double Effect (DDE) is a natural law principle attributed to Thomas Aquinas that is supposed to offer insight on whether an act is morally permissible or not. It also seeks to make a moral distinction between intending harm and merely foreseeing harm. In this paper, I argue that we should reject DDE because it does not allow a person to intend harm even in situations where it seems to be morally justifiable. It also fails at making a distinction between intending harm and merely foreseeing harm. Because of this, the conditions of DDE seem to be implausible.

Plant Sentience: "Feeling" Or Biological Automatism?, Andrea Mastinu

Animal Sentience

Sentience refers to the ability of an organism to have subjective experiences such as sensations, emotions and awareness. Whereas some animals, including humans, are widely recognized as sentient, the question of whether plants are sentient is still debated among scientists, philosophers, and ethicists. Over the past 20 years, many scientists such as Trewavas, Baluška, Mancuso, Gagliano, and Calvo have reported interesting discussions about memory, behavior, communication, and intelligence in plants. However, the reported conclusions have not convinced the entire scientific community. In this commentary, I would like to focus on two critical aspects related to sentience: cognition and emotion

Review Of C.S. Lewis And Philosopher: Truth, Goodness And Beauty, James P. Helfers

Sehnsucht: The C. S. Lewis Journal

James P. Helfers: Review of David Baggett, Gary R. Habermas, and Jerry L. Walls, eds., C. S. Lewis as Philosopher: Truth, Goodness and Beauty (Downers Grove, Illinois, 2008). 268 pages. $23.00. ISBN 9780830828081.

Review Of C.S. Lewis: A Philosophy Of Education, Charles W. Connell

Sehnsucht: The C. S. Lewis Journal

Charles W. Connell: Review of R. Loomis and Jacob P. Rodriguez, C. S. Lewis: A Philosophy of Education (New York, 2009). 246 pages, 9 illustrations. $80. ISBN 9780230605770.

The Lewis-Anscombe Debate: A Philosophical Reformulation, James E. Taylor

Sehnsucht: The C. S. Lewis Journal

This paper will not examine the evaluative and historical questions that have arisen about this debate. Instead, it will provide an extensive reformulation and explanation of the philosophical arguments employed by both Lewis and Anscombe which are contained in their published works that are directly related to the debate. These works are the first edition of Miracles,3 which contains the argument that forms the basis of the debate, the essay that Anscombe read at the Socratic Club, and Lewis’ second edition of Miracles. Hopefully, this will serve to clarify the concepts, issues, and arguments employed in the debate and its …

Is Pain A Problem? J.J. Rousseau And C.S. Lewis On Suffering And Human Nature, Trevor Shelley, Jacob Siegler

Sehnsucht: The C. S. Lewis Journal

What is meant here is whether the phenomenon of pain can be intellectually accounted for, in the sense of why it exists at all and how it relates to the nature of man. Or, to state matters differently: Can the problem of pain’s presence in the lives of human beings be theoretically solved? To approach this problem, this work will examine the thought of Jean Jacques Rousseau and C. S. Lewis on the problem of pain and happiness and on human nature more generally.

C.S. Lewis' Aesthetics, Adam Barkman

Sehnsucht: The C. S. Lewis Journal

While some might be tempted to think that C. S. Lewis wrote more on aesthetic themes than on anything else they would be mistaken. For aesthetics has to do with broad, theoretical questions concerning beauty and art, while Lewis’ writings on literary history, literary criticism, and, to a lesser degree, literary theory tend to be more specific. In addition, although people might point to Lewis’ vast outpourings on myth as evidence of his intense interest in aesthetics, they would only be partly correct. As this author has argued elsewhere,1 even though myth touches beauty and can indeed be made into …

Taking Down Descartes Trademark: An Objection To Descartes Ontological Argument, Nathaniel Lannen

Global Tides

Descartes attempts to prove God's existence by arguing we have an innate idea of perfection that could have only been created by an infinite source. In this paper, I object to Descartes by arguing our idea of perfection is not equatable to God. This is because our innate idea of perfection does not have enough representational content necessary to exceed our formal reality, meaning it is self-caused. In that way, our idea of perfection is less significant than Descartes would like to admit.

Can You Escape Agency By Falling Asleep? Killing Two Constitutivists’ Problems With One Stone, Henrique Cassol Leal

Theses

In this paper, I present a new problem to constitutivism (the idea that agency grounds our practical norms) and argue that the solution to this problem also solves Enoch’s shmagency question. The problem I bring forth involves the fact that agency seems to be metaphysically escapable, such as when we fall asleep, or get hit by a truck. If this is correct, then we allow for perplexing cases in which a wrongdoing is done, but no agent is responsible, nor is any norm broken—for, what grounds responsibility and norms, our agency, has disappeared. I thus argue for a notion of …

The Cut To The Heart Of The Matter: Justice, Morality, And Virtue Ethics In Intimate Relationships, Quinn Heiser

Honors Theses

Since the Enlightenment project to reconstruct morality using purely rational grounds failed, modern moral debate has been fragmented. Furthermore, intimate relationships, whether romantic or marital, are plagued with all kinds of injustices that have not been formally addressed in a philosophical investigation. The purpose of this thesis is to argue that the moral theory to restore interpersonal justice in intimate relationships is the notion of ‘practice’, founded by Alasdair MacIntyre under the Aristotelian virtue ethics tradition. What is meant by the notion of practice is any human activity with goods exclusive to its extent, as well as cooperative, objective, and …

By The Light Of The Mind: Augustine And Gordon H. Clark On Truth And The Existence Of God, Christopher Rankin

Liberty University Research Week

Undergraduate

Textual or Investigative

Origins Of Evil And Its Grip On The Human Body, Paige Farquhar

Liberty University Research Week

Undergraduate

Textual or Investigative

Freedom, Mystery, And Kinds Of Desire: The Doctrine Of Theosis And Free Will's Intelligibility Question, Aaron Milkie

Liberty University Research Week

Undergraduate

Textual or Investigative

Intentional Passing And Closeted Agency, Logan Bohlinger

Theses

It is characteristic of closeted queer agents that they behave so as to pass as heterosexual, cisgender, or otherwise as non-queer. Thus, I take it that an action-theoretic account of the phenomenon of straight-passing is essential to developing an action-theoretic account of the practical disposition of being “in the closet.” To progress towards a broader account of closeted queer agency, I endeavor in this thesis to clarify the patterns of practical reasoning involved in straight-passing with an aim to demonstrate that straight-passing, in all its forms, is something that a queer agent can intentionally do. However, a queer agent often …

Philosophical Counseling And Psychological Counseling In Relation To Moral Injury: A Thought Experiment, Leah Richardson

Longwood Senior Theses

This thesis investigates the similarities and differences between Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), a psychological therapy model, and Logic-Based Therapy (LBT), a philosophical therapy model, on moral injury. ACT emphasizes the importance of language in context in addition to a framework that addresses individuals as a whole. This approach contrasts with a variety of other psychological models designed to treat specific symptoms or diagnoses. LBT helps clients recognize and overcome irrationalities in thinking and subconscious rule-following behaviors to reach a point of equilibrium and tranquility. Moral injury is the observation of or participation in the violation of one's own moral …

A Critical Review Of Animal And Fetus Rights In Utilitarianism Or “How Come When It’S Us, It’S An Abortion, And When It’S A Chicken, It’S An Omelette?”, Katharine Mcdaid

Departmental Honors & Graduate Capstone Projects

In this paper, I will be considering the moral standing of animals and fetuses within utilitarianism—by discussing the Time Relative Interest Account and Harm-Based Account—and how the question of moral standing relates to discussions of abortion. The Time Relative Interest Account provides a more effective framework for considering the rights of both animals and fetuses in utilitarianism, and a lack of access to abortion poses a significant challenge to the utilitarian viewpoint often espoused by anti-abortion advocates because they fail to consider the lack of access implications within their utilitarian approach. Therefore, the utilitarianism that is animal rights-based arguments used …

Freedom, Mystery And “Kinds Of Desire”: The Doctrine Of Theosis And Free Will’S Intelligibility Problem, Aaron Milkie

Senior Honors Theses

The problem of free will stands among the most intellectually fascinating, and practically concerning, problems of philosophy. It also remains, after centuries of rich discussion and sharp division, a locus of tremendous philosophical polarization— citing strong, often incongruous intuitions, philosophers today disagree over the nature, possibility, existence, and implications of human free agency. One route which might help penetrate this apparent stalemate is the application of resources from theism— in particular, Christian theism— to the philosophical free will conversation. In this paper, I review past contributions of Christian theism to the philosophical free will debate, arguing that these contributions, while …

Volume 14, Ireland Seagle, Dalton C. Whitby, Cassandra Poole, Rachel Cannon, Heidi Parker-Combes, Devon G. Shifflett, Antonio Harvey

Incite: The Journal of Undergraduate Scholarship

Table of Contents:

• Introduction: Dr. Amorette Barber
• From the Editor: Dr. Larissa "Kat" Tracy
• From the Designers: Rachel English, Rachel Hanson
• Hungry Like the Wolf: The Wolf as Metaphor in Paramount Network’s Yellowstone: Ireland Seagle
• “Floating Cities”: Illustrating the Commercial and Conservation Conflict of Alaskan Cruise Ship Tourism: Dalton C. Whitby
• What Can You Do When Your Genes are the Enemy? Current Applications of Gene Manipulation and the Associated Ethical Considerations: Cassandra Poole
• La doble cara: un tema romántico en las obras de Larra y Hawthorne: Rachel Cannon
• Resolving a Conflict: How to …

Plant Sentience: Bias And Promise, Sidney Carls-Diamante

Animal Sentience

Whichever side of the debate one chooses, plant sentience is a fertile research area that challenges received views and assumptions, generates novel insights, and suggests new ways that felt states might arise. My commentary discusses methodological and philosophical implications.

The Baconian Ethics Of Psychosurgery, Elizabeth Mathews

Liberty University Research Week

Undergraduate

Theoretical Proposal

From Animal To Plant Sentience: Is There Credible Evidence?, Leonard Dung

Animal Sentience

Segundo-Ortin & Calvo argue that plants have a surprisingly varied and complex behavioral repertoire. Which of these behavioral capacities are credible indicators of sentience? If we use the standards of evidence common in discussions of animal sentience, the behavioral capacities reviewed are insufficient evidence of sentience. Even if some putative indicators of animal sentience are present in plants, it is not clear whether what we should conclude is that plants are sentient or that those indicators are inadequate.

"Between Too Much & Not Enough," A Meta-Analysis Of The 1619 Project, Nathan Pipes

Taboo: The Journal of Culture and Education

When the New York Times released the 1619 Project in August 2019 it was met with enthusiasm and critical review. The outcome of the public debate, as of now, is mixed. Research is also mixed. Education findings suggests the project has the power to heal. Case study evidence indicates culturally centered approaches positively impact academic outcomes and mental health of historically oppressed peoples. By emphasizing and affirming African American experiences 1619 has potential to narrow the achievement gap and disrupt rising suicide rates. However, philosophy and psychology warn against overemphasizing culture. Excessive affirmation can cause groupthink. Continual praise aggrandizes the …

Of A Different Mind: The Early Schelling And Problems In The Philosophy Of Mind, Marcel Lebow

Philosophy ETDs

This dissertation concerns the intersection between the early thinking of the 19^th century German idealist F.W.J. Schelling and some of the problems within the contemporary philosophy of mind. I aim to show that a study of Schelling’s work illuminates research paths still left open to us today when confronting the problems surrounding the mind’s place in the world. I provide an overview of the trajectory of Schelling’s early thought. I argue that while Schelling’s philosophy changes during the course of his career, each of his positions is concerned with establishing a foundationalist monism. I criticize versions of his view …

A Critique Of Aristotle: Countervoluntary Action And Moral Injury, Melissa Altsman

LSU Master's Theses

“A Critique of Aristotle: Countervoluntary Action and Moral Injury,” is a critique of Aristotle’s view that countervoluntary action does not affect character. I argue that a countervoluntary action can affect character when said action leads to a moral injury. Throughout this critique I use military experiences of moral injury to bolster my argument. This critique focuses on Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics, and is directed at his Nicomachean Ethics specifically. The upshot of my critique is to not only argue that countervoluntary action affects character, but to spotlight specifically why it is character affecting. Essentially, my aim is to call attention …

Menetekel: Ishmael's Black Whale And The Semiotics Of Doom, Todd Tyner Cronkhite

English Language and Literature ETDs

This study employs the narrator of Moby Dick, Ishmael, as a focal critic to interpret several potential examples of ominous writing on the wall, or menetekel. It concludes that the message of such writing, owing primarily to its irrevocably deictic relationship with the surface it is written on, is fundamentally apocalyptic in nature, regardless of its explicit content. The physical walls of the “kingdom” are incorporated into the grammar of the menetekel as object, so that its elemental message, “I was here,” becomes not only an admission of criminal trespass, but also a direct threat to the current order and …