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Articles 1 - 30 of 225
Full-Text Articles in Philosophy
Accounting For Tastes: On The Epistemic Significance Of Affective Character, Sofia Berinstein
Accounting For Tastes: On The Epistemic Significance Of Affective Character, Sofia Berinstein
Philosophy Faculty Works
This article explores the epistemology of a particular dimension of perceptual experience: its affective character. This includes the ‘badness’ of, for example, the smell of garbage or the pain of a stubbed toe and the ‘goodness’ of the taste of chocolate, touch of sunshine, or sound of a musical chord. I take the view that affective character is epistemically significant, disclosing objective axiological relations in which elements (garbage, bodily harm, sunshine, chocolate, and consonance) stand to perceivers. To this end I analyze two representationalist approaches to valenced perception—evaluativism and attitudinalism—which serve as exemplars of, respectively, cognitivism and non-cognitivism. Cognitivists …
Marx And The Missing Theory Of Ideology, Peter Baumann
Marx And The Missing Theory Of Ideology, Peter Baumann
Philosophy Faculty Works
Karl Marx is often and typically seen as one of the main theorists of ideology. However, a closer look shows that Marx does not offer anything like a developed theory of ideology. Rather, there are, as I argue here, elements for 3 quite different accounts of ideology to be found in his work: ideology as superstructure, as the rulers’ ruling ideas, and as false consciousness. This is a new reconstruction of Marx’ ideas about ideology. None of the above 3 ideas has been developed in any greater detail by Marx, and there is even the open question whether they are …
Transcendental Arguments In Reid? A Reply To Mccraw, Peter Baumann
Transcendental Arguments In Reid? A Reply To Mccraw, Peter Baumann
Philosophy Faculty Works
Benjamin W. McCraw’s article “A Reidian Transcendental Argument Against Skepticism” (2025) constitutes an original and thought-provoking contribution both to Reid scholarship and to the discussion of epistemic skepticism.[1] In the following I will make a few remarks about it, focusing on the discussion of skepticism. I start with a brief historical remark on Reid and Kant (§ 1) before I explain the anti-skeptical argument in some detail (§ 2). A discussion of the premises of the argument follows (§ 3). I add some remarks about the social aspect of McCraw’s anti-skeptical stance (§ 4). I finish with another set of …
Enumerative Induction In Mathematics, Alan Richard Baker
Enumerative Induction In Mathematics, Alan Richard Baker
Philosophy Faculty Works
In my 2007 paper, “Is There a Problem of Induction for Mathematics?” I rejected the idea that enumerative induction has force for mathematical claims. My core argument was based on the fact that we are restricted to examining relatively small numbers, so our samples are always biased, and hence they carry no inductive weight. In recent years, I have come to believe that this argument is flawed. In particular, while arithmetical samples are indeed biased, my new view is that this bias actually strengthens the inductive support that accrues from them. The reason is that small numbers typically provide a …
Malintzin: La Mujer Americana, Alma D. Elías Nájera
Malintzin: La Mujer Americana, Alma D. Elías Nájera
Crossings: Swarthmore Undergraduate Feminist Research Journal
Malintzin was a controversial Indigenous woman whose contributions to the Aztec conquest raised questions about what it meant to be a traitor with a limited agency. This essay recontextualizes Malintzin’s demonized identity and challenges masculinist sociocultural curations of gender, history, and knowledge production by infusing feminist theory into the cultural imaginaries of gender and racial stratification. By reintroducing Malintzin as a feminist emblematic figure trying to regain selfhood within an exploitative White cisheteropatriarchal society, her existence gives voice to those silenced by the violence of colonization, Manhood, and gender oppression. To do this, the author takes up the work of …
The Bodies Of The Condemned: The Return Of The Body As The Object Of State Power, Kenzo E. Okazaki
The Bodies Of The Condemned: The Return Of The Body As The Object Of State Power, Kenzo E. Okazaki
Swarthmore Undergraduate History Journal
This paper provides a historical analysis of the genealogy of American policing and attempts to explain the return of state power to individual bodies. It argues that this return was informed by French counterinsurgency strategies in Algeria. Through engagement with Foucault's analysis of power and surveillance practices, it aims to shed light on and help us better understand and combat police brutality today.
Shikata Ga Nai: Statelessness And Sacrifice For Japanese-American Volunteers During The Second World War, Kenzo E. Okazaki
Shikata Ga Nai: Statelessness And Sacrifice For Japanese-American Volunteers During The Second World War, Kenzo E. Okazaki
Swarthmore Undergraduate History Journal
Through a Philosophical analysis of the nature of Internment Camps as well as oral histories of veterans who volunteered to serve in the US military from the camps, this paper will argue that the internment of Japanese Americans during WWII was an event that the Supreme Court and surrounding legal discourse placed outside of legal jurisdiction. Those within the camps were thus condemned to a life lacking political qualification and juridical personhood. Faced with the dangers of this condition, interned Japanese Americans who served in the U.S. Army consciously laid claim to the American political community through the sacrifice of …
A View Of Scientific Methodology As A Source Of Ignorance In Controversies About Genetically Engineered Crops, Hugh Lacey
Philosophy Faculty Works
No abstract provided.
Is Safe-Enough Pragmatism Good Enough?, Richard Thomas Eldridge
Is Safe-Enough Pragmatism Good Enough?, Richard Thomas Eldridge
Philosophy Faculty Works
No abstract provided.
The Annotated Kant: Groundwork For The Metaphysics Of Morals, S. M. Cahn, A. Tschemplik , Translator, Krista Karbowski Thomason, M. A. Mchugh
The Annotated Kant: Groundwork For The Metaphysics Of Morals, S. M. Cahn, A. Tschemplik , Translator, Krista Karbowski Thomason, M. A. Mchugh
Philosophy Faculty Works
No abstract provided.
The Many Kinds Of Objects That Technoscientific Objects Are, Hugh Lacey
The Many Kinds Of Objects That Technoscientific Objects Are, Hugh Lacey
Philosophy Faculty Works
Technoscientific objects are penetrating ever more profoundly into the socio-ecological systems that shape the contemporary lifeworld in ways that have brought about widely celebrated benefits, and also many kinds of risks for human health, the environment and society. There are many kinds of technoscientific objects, such as physical, chemical or biological objects that are outcomes of technical/experimental/instrumental interventions made in the course of research conducted in such areas as computer science, biotechnology, nanotechnology, neurosciences, geo-engineering, synthetic biology and artificial intelligence. Moreover, every technoscientific object is itself an object of many kinds, not only an object whose genesis, functioning and effective …
The Moral Necessity Of Anger, Krista Karbowski Thomason
The Moral Necessity Of Anger, Krista Karbowski Thomason
Philosophy Faculty Works
No abstract provided.
Review Of "The Imagination In German Idealism And Romanticism" Edited By G. Gentry And K. Pollok, Richard Thomas Eldridge
Review Of "The Imagination In German Idealism And Romanticism" Edited By G. Gentry And K. Pollok, Richard Thomas Eldridge
Philosophy Faculty Works
No abstract provided.
Encountering Cavell, Richard Thomas Eldridge
Encountering Cavell, Richard Thomas Eldridge
Philosophy Faculty Works
I first came across Stanley Cavell’s writing in the fall of 1974 in a senior seminar in the philosophy of mind at Middlebury College, co-taught by Stanley Bates and Timothy Gould. We spent most of the term reading Gilbert Ryle’s The Concept of Mind and P. F. Strawson’s Individuals—books that at that time, before the widespread reception of Kripke’s Naming and Necessity, Putnam-style functionalism, and central state identity theory, still counted as contemporary philosophy of mind. It was then felt by Bates and Gould, I conjecture, that something more lively and something having to do with subjectivity might be order. …
Brains In Vats? Don't Bother!, Peter Baumann
Brains In Vats? Don't Bother!, Peter Baumann
Philosophy Faculty Works
Contemporary discussions of epistemological skepticism – the view that we do not and cannot know anything about the world around us – focus very much on a certain kind of skeptical argument involving a skeptical scenario (a situation familiar from Descartes' First Meditation). According to the argument, knowing some ordinary proposition about the world (one we usually take ourselves to know) requires knowing we are not in some such skeptical scenario SK; however, since we cannot know that we are not in SK we also cannot know any ordinary proposition. One of the most prominent skeptical scenarios is the brain-in-the-vat-scenario: …
Fys: Ethics And Technology (Phil 07/Cpsc 15) Syllabus, Ameet Soni, Krista Karbowski Thomason
Fys: Ethics And Technology (Phil 07/Cpsc 15) Syllabus, Ameet Soni, Krista Karbowski Thomason
Digital Humanities Curricular Development
There has been an accelerated shift in the influence of computing technology and the use of algorithms in our daily lives. With this technology comes serious ethical questions. Philosophers are often well-equipped to wrestle with ethical questions, but less well-equipped to wrestle with questions of technology itself. Computer scientists are well-equipped to deal with the problems and challenges of technology, but less well-equipped to deal with the ethical problems and challenges that technology can pose. In this co-taught course, we bring together the two fields to address ethical questions involving social media, data mining, self-driving cars, artificial intelligence, and other …
Lab Practicum For Bias In Algorithms, Ameet Soni, Krista Karbowski Thomason
Lab Practicum For Bias In Algorithms, Ameet Soni, Krista Karbowski Thomason
Digital Humanities Curricular Development
This is a course assignment to demonstrate potential biases encoded in algorithms (this can be linked more specifically to natural language processing, machine learning, or artificial intelligence) using the Word Embedding Association Test. In lab, students will work with programs that demonstrate the usefulness of word embedding algorithms in finding relationships between words. Then, students will use an implementation of the algorithm in "Semantics derived automatically from language corpora contain human-like biases" by Caliskan et al. to detect gender and racial bias encoded in word embeddings. The assignment has students design and run an experiment using the WEAT algorithm to …
Science, Values, Traditional/Indigenous Knowledge And Dialogue Of Saberes, Hugh Lacey
Science, Values, Traditional/Indigenous Knowledge And Dialogue Of Saberes, Hugh Lacey
Philosophy Faculty Works
This article discusses the possibility of a constructive dialogue between modern science and traditional/indigenous saberes, including the saberes of the Traditional peoples of Latin America. The argument developed here depends on interpreting science in terms of multi-strategic research [P-MS]: it makes use of the distinction between decontextualizing strategies (SDs) and contest-sensitive strategies (SCs) and the theses: the methodological strategies adopted in research projects can vary with the characteristics of the objects being investigated; there are relations of mutual reinforcement between the adoption of a strategy and adherence to particular ethical and social values; there are limits on the types of …
Adoção De Medidas De Precaução Diante Dos Riscos No Uso Das Inovações Tecnocientíficas, Hugh Lacey
Adoção De Medidas De Precaução Diante Dos Riscos No Uso Das Inovações Tecnocientíficas, Hugh Lacey
Philosophy Faculty Works
Identifico medidas de precaução que devem ser adotadas para prevenir ou reduzir o risco dos efeitos danosos possivelmente ocasionados pelos usos das inovações científicas. Meu argumento se vale em especial de situações em que há incerteza a respeito dos riscos envolvidos. Sustenta que medidas eticamente adequadas precisam ser informadas pelos resultados das pesquisas científicas empreendidas (sob as estratégias metodológicas apropriadas) com o fim de identificar, tanto quanto possível, os efeitos danosos possíveis e a variedade dos mecanismos que levem à sua efetiva ocorrência, bem como as condições em que eles atualmente ocorreriam, e com qual magnitude e probabilidade, bem como …
Werner Herzog: Filmmaker And Philosopher, Richard Thomas Eldridge
Werner Herzog: Filmmaker And Philosopher, Richard Thomas Eldridge
Philosophy Faculty Works
Werner Herzog has produced some of the most powerful, haunting, and memorable images ever captured on film. Both his fiction films and his documentaries address fundamental issues about nature, selfhood, and history in ways that engage with but also criticize and qualify the best philosophical thinking about these topics. In focusing on figures from Aguirre, Kasper Hauser, and Stroszek to Timothy Treadwell, Graham Dorrington, Dieter Dengler, and Walter Steiner, among many others, Herzog investigates the nature of human life in time and the possibilities of meaning that might be available within it. His films demonstrate the importance of the image …
Schizoanalyzing Anoedipal Alliances, Tamsin E. Lorraine
Schizoanalyzing Anoedipal Alliances, Tamsin E. Lorraine
Philosophy Faculty Works
No abstract provided.
Review Of “Aspiration: The Agency Of Becoming" By A. Callard, Krista Karbowski Thomason
Review Of “Aspiration: The Agency Of Becoming" By A. Callard, Krista Karbowski Thomason
Philosophy Faculty Works
No abstract provided.
Our Own Flesh And Blood: Putting The Body At The Center Of Violence And Dehumanization, Krista Karbowski Thomason
Our Own Flesh And Blood: Putting The Body At The Center Of Violence And Dehumanization, Krista Karbowski Thomason
Philosophy Faculty Works
No abstract provided.
Review Of "Pragmatic Encroachment In Epistemology" Edited By B. Kim And M. Mcgrath, Peter Baumann
Review Of "Pragmatic Encroachment In Epistemology" Edited By B. Kim And M. Mcgrath, Peter Baumann
Philosophy Faculty Works
No abstract provided.
If You Feel Ashamed Does That Mean You Are A Moral Failure?, Krista Karbowski Thomason
If You Feel Ashamed Does That Mean You Are A Moral Failure?, Krista Karbowski Thomason
Philosophy Faculty Works
No abstract provided.
Nearly Solving The Problem Of Nearly Convergent Knowledge, Peter Baumann
Nearly Solving The Problem Of Nearly Convergent Knowledge, Peter Baumann
Philosophy Faculty Works
No abstract provided.
What Will Be Best For Me? Big Decisions And The Problem Of Inter‐World Comparisons, Peter Baumann
What Will Be Best For Me? Big Decisions And The Problem Of Inter‐World Comparisons, Peter Baumann
Philosophy Faculty Works
Big decisions in a person's life often affect the preferences and standards of a good life which that person's future self will develop after implementing her decision. This paper argues that in such cases the person might lack any reasons to choose one way rather than the other. Neither preference‐based views nor happiness‐based views of justified choice offer sufficient help here. The available options are not comparable in the relevant sense and there is no rational choice to make. Thus, ironically, in many of a person's most important decisions the idea of that person's good seems to have no application.
Review Of "What Philosophy Is For" By M. Hampe, Richard Thomas Eldridge
Review Of "What Philosophy Is For" By M. Hampe, Richard Thomas Eldridge
Philosophy Faculty Works
No abstract provided.
What Was Liberal Education?, Richard Thomas Eldridge
What Was Liberal Education?, Richard Thomas Eldridge
Philosophy Faculty Works
No abstract provided.
"A Danger At Present Unperceived:" Self-Understanding, Imagination, Emotion, And Social Stance In "Emma", Richard Thomas Eldridge
"A Danger At Present Unperceived:" Self-Understanding, Imagination, Emotion, And Social Stance In "Emma", Richard Thomas Eldridge
Philosophy Faculty Works
Philosophers concerned with self-understanding have often conceived of it as either a matter of immediate, unchallengeable introspective awareness or as a matter of gathering evidence about oneself scientifically and impersonally. In contrast, Gilbert Ryle rightly understood self-understanding as knowledge of one’s own commitments, desires, beliefs, wishes, and fears––all things that one has some share in forming and can to some extent alter. What Ryle misses or underplays, however, is the extent to which the forming and revising of commitments, desires, beliefs, wishes, and fears are also social processes, as agents-in-formation are subject to the gazes, expectations, and evaluations of others. …