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Articles 1261 - 1290 of 13960

Full-Text Articles in History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology

Faunal Remains From The 1994–1996 Excavations At The Temple Mount, Jerusalem (Pp. 19–34), Ronny Reich, Ya'akov Billig, Dalia Hakker-Orion, Omri Lernau Jan 2025

Faunal Remains From The 1994–1996 Excavations At The Temple Mount, Jerusalem (Pp. 19–34), Ronny Reich, Ya'akov Billig, Dalia Hakker-Orion, Omri Lernau

'Atiqot

This study focused on the faunal remains (N = 3618) retrieved from three strata unearthed above the Second Temple-period stone-paved road along the southern part of the western wall of the Temple Mount. The three strata date to the Early Roman (first century BCE and first century CE–70 CE; Stratum 4), the Late Roman–Byzantine (second–sixth centuries CE; Stratum 3) and the Early Islamic (seventh–eighth centuries CE; Stratum 2) periods. The faunal remains from the Early Roman period reflect the large amounts of waste created by the various populations in the city, with a predominance of Jewish pilgrims. Following the destruction …

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Coins From Ras El-‘Amud, Jerusalem (Pp. 13–17), Donald T. Ariel Jan 2025

Coins From Ras El-‘Amud, Jerusalem (Pp. 13–17), Donald T. Ariel

'Atiqot

During the excavation at Ras el-‘Amud, 27 bronze coins were found, 22 of which were identified. The coins date from the Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine periods, and include several coins minted during the Jewish War, the latest from Year 4 (69/70 CE).

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An Israelite Basketry-Box Sealing From The Western Wall Plaza Excavations, Jerusalem (Pp. 1–12), Baruch Brandl Jan 2025

An Israelite Basketry-Box Sealing From The Western Wall Plaza Excavations, Jerusalem (Pp. 1–12), Baruch Brandl

'Atiqot

A clay sealing was retrieved from the Iron Age II building uncovered in the Western Wall Plaza excavations. It was identified as Israelite, based on typological and stylistic grounds, as well as on the geo-political distribution of such seals. The basketry-box sealing seems to have reached Judah either during the ninth century BCE, or in the hands of a refugee during the last decades of the eighth century BCE, between 850 and 722 BCE.

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Iron Age And Second Temple-Period Remains At Ras El-‘Amud, Jerusalem (With A Contribution By Tamar Winter) (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–21*; English Summary, Pp. 139–140), Alla Nagorsky, Zvi Greenhut Jan 2025

Iron Age And Second Temple-Period Remains At Ras El-‘Amud, Jerusalem (With A Contribution By Tamar Winter) (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–21*; English Summary, Pp. 139–140), Alla Nagorsky, Zvi Greenhut

'Atiqot

The excavation in the neighborhood of Ras el-‘Amud yielded meager architectural remains. In the western area of the excavation, a large building, with two construction phases, was exposed. It was dated by pottery to the Second Temple period (second century BCE–70 CE), and was probably destroyed during the Jewish War. The northern area of the site yielded the remains of two walls and a floor. The pottery and coins associated with these remains date to the Iron Age and the Second Temple period. It seems that the building was an isolated dwelling located outside the urban zone, in an area …

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An Ancient Wall Built To Prevent Erosion On The Bank Of Naḥal Sha‘Al In The Northern ‘Akko Plain (Hebrew, Pp. 93–99; English Summary, P. 92*), Nimrod Getzov, Hanaa Abu-‘Uqsa, Noam Greenbaum, Dina Vachtman, Moshe Inbar Jan 2025

An Ancient Wall Built To Prevent Erosion On The Bank Of Naḥal Sha‘Al In The Northern ‘Akko Plain (Hebrew, Pp. 93–99; English Summary, P. 92*), Nimrod Getzov, Hanaa Abu-‘Uqsa, Noam Greenbaum, Dina Vachtman, Moshe Inbar

'Atiqot

Excavations near the Naḥal Sha‘al streambed exposed a massive wall aligned in a roughly north–south direction. The eastern side of the wall is constructed of dressed stones cemented with lime mortar; the western side is irregular. At the base of the wall, a slope was constructed of lime mortar, reaching, at its thickest, up to one meter in width. Based on the scant pottery finds from the mortar fill between the stones, the construction appears to date from the Late Roman period. The wall would appear to have been constructed to prevent erosion of the bank at this particular place.

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Was Shiqmona Devastated By An Earthquake In The Seventh Century Ce? (Pp. 53*–55*), Eldad Barzilay Jan 2025

Was Shiqmona Devastated By An Earthquake In The Seventh Century Ce? (Pp. 53*–55*), Eldad Barzilay

'Atiqot

Excavations at Tel Shiqmona have revealed that the Byzantine city was demolished in an abrupt and violent event during the seventh century CE. During excavations carried out to the southeast of Tel Shiqmona, some wall deformations were observed. The nature of these deformations is described and evaluated in this paper.

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Remains Of The Mamluk And Ottoman Periods At Kafr Kanna (Pp. 57*–84*), Hervé Barbé, Anastasia Shapiro Jan 2025

Remains Of The Mamluk And Ottoman Periods At Kafr Kanna (Pp. 57*–84*), Hervé Barbé, Anastasia Shapiro

'Atiqot

Two separate areas (Areas 10 and 20) were excavated on Churches Street in Kafr Kanna. In Area 10, five phases were observed, ranging in date from the Mamluk (construction phase) through the Ottoman (destruction phase) periods. The pottery finds display a relatively homogeneous Mamluk-period corpus, including glazed and unglazed wares, which date between the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries CE. The pottery finds and the stone objects (e.g., grinding and crushing tools) attest to domestic activities. In Area 20, remains of wall segments and floors were encountered. The dismantling of the floors, and the excavation of the intermediate fills, produced some …

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Roman And Byzantine Coins From The Excavation On The Eastern Fringes Of Tel Shiqmona (Pp. 41*–51*), Robert Kool Jan 2025

Roman And Byzantine Coins From The Excavation On The Eastern Fringes Of Tel Shiqmona (Pp. 41*–51*), Robert Kool

'Atiqot

A total of 194 coins were uncovered on the eastern fringes of Tel Shiqmona; 71 of them were identified. Except for one Seleucid-period coin, minted in Tyre during the second century BCE, all the coins belong to one continuous period beginning in the early fourth century and ending with the reign of the Byzantine emperor Maurice (582–602 CE).

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Marble Items From The Late Byzantine Buildings Along The Eastern Fringes Of Tel Shiqmona (Hebrew, Pp. 135–142; English Summary, P. 96*), Ira Barash Jan 2025

Marble Items From The Late Byzantine Buildings Along The Eastern Fringes Of Tel Shiqmona (Hebrew, Pp. 135–142; English Summary, P. 96*), Ira Barash

'Atiqot

Marble items found in the excavation at Tel Shiqmona include fragments of chancel screens, one of them decorated with the head of an animal—a ram or sheep; Corinthian capitals, characteristic of the fifth–sixth centuries CE; a column; carved items; and pavers and wall liners. Most of the marble items were found in a building that was probably a church, located in Area D/E.

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The Mosaic From The Building (Church?) On The Eastern Fringes Of Tel Shiqmona (Hebrew, Pp. 143–145; English Summary, P. 97*), Ira Barash Jan 2025

The Mosaic From The Building (Church?) On The Eastern Fringes Of Tel Shiqmona (Hebrew, Pp. 143–145; English Summary, P. 97*), Ira Barash

'Atiqot

The mosaic was discovered in a building identified as a church, which was uncovered in Area D/E at Tel Shiqmona. The tesserae, of limestone, occur in shades of white, black, turquoise, red and yellow. The pattern of the central carpet is one of intertwined circles that form a motif of adjacent Maltese crosses. Based on the ceramic finds that were recovered from the bedding and the fill below it, the mosaic should be dated to the beginning of the seventh century CE.

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Glass Vessels From The Late Byzantine Buildings Along The Eastern Fringes Of Tel Shiqmona (Hebrew, Pp. 131–134; English Summary, P. 95*), Ira Barash Jan 2025

Glass Vessels From The Late Byzantine Buildings Along The Eastern Fringes Of Tel Shiqmona (Hebrew, Pp. 131–134; English Summary, P. 95*), Ira Barash

'Atiqot

More than 1000 fragments of glass vessels were found in the excavation along the eastern fringes of Tel Shiqmona, of which c. 625 were identified. All the vessels were free-blown and produced from colorless, bluish green and greenish glass. The vessels include bowls, lamps, cups and goblets, a jar and bottles. They are of types that are

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Late Byzantine Buildings On The Eastern Fringes Of Tel Shiqmona (Hebrew, Pp. 99–129; English Summary, Pp. 93*–94*), Hagit Torge, Uzi ‘Ad Jan 2025

Late Byzantine Buildings On The Eastern Fringes Of Tel Shiqmona (Hebrew, Pp. 99–129; English Summary, Pp. 93*–94*), Hagit Torge, Uzi ‘Ad

'Atiqot

Excavations at Tel Shiqmona, located on the southern outskirts of Haifa, revealed the remains of ashlar-built residential structures (Areas A–C); a large building, probably a basilica church (Area D/E); a foundation of a (city?) wall (Area F); two compounds (Area G), probably part of an industrial area; and a rock-hewn well (Area H). Based on the pottery vessels, metal artifacts, glass finds and coins, it seems that the buildings in Areas A–E were constructed during the second half of the sixth century CE, and were probably part of a neighborhood situated along the eastern fringes of the settlement. The buildings …

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The Flint Assemblage From South Ḥorbat Tittora (Pp. 25*–32*), Vladimir Zbenovich Jan 2025

The Flint Assemblage From South Ḥorbat Tittora (Pp. 25*–32*), Vladimir Zbenovich

'Atiqot

The flint assemblage consists of 311 items, which were collected in salvage excavations near Ḥorbat Tittora, in Modi‘in. Most of the complete bifacials are characteristic of early Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA) assemblages, while several tools have close parallels in assemblages of the later PPNB horizon. Two flint items were dated to subsequent periods: the Chalcolithic period and Early Bronze Age I–II.

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Three Persian-Period Metallic Finger Rings From Burial Cave 2, South Ḥorbat Tittora (Pp. 33*–40*), Baruch Brandl Jan 2025

Three Persian-Period Metallic Finger Rings From Burial Cave 2, South Ḥorbat Tittora (Pp. 33*–40*), Baruch Brandl

'Atiqot

Three metal finger rings were found in a repository in a burial cave, excavated at South Ḥorbat Tittora. The rings are all-metal products, and they are relatively well-preserved. They were dated to the Persian period (fifth–fourth centuries BCE), based on their shape, decoration and excavated parallels. They comprise a welcome addition to the relatively small number of all-metal rings from the Persian period that has been found in the country.

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Tombs And Installations From The Iron Age Ii To The Byzantine Period From South Ḥorbat Tittora (With Contributions By Gabriela Bijovsky And Yossi Nagar) (Hebrew Pp. 13–92; English Summary, Pp. 89*–91*), Elena Kogan-Zehavi Jan 2025

Tombs And Installations From The Iron Age Ii To The Byzantine Period From South Ḥorbat Tittora (With Contributions By Gabriela Bijovsky And Yossi Nagar) (Hebrew Pp. 13–92; English Summary, Pp. 89*–91*), Elena Kogan-Zehavi

'Atiqot

The excavation was conducted south of Ḥorbat Tittora, in Modi‘in. The finds indicate the presence of an agricultural settlement that was active mainly from Iron Age II through the Byzantine period; also present at the site were installations dating to the Early Islamic, Mamluk and Ottoman periods. Among the installations are burial complexes and tombs, used continuously from Iron Age II until the Late Roman period; winepresses, ranging in date from the Hellenistic to the Byzantine periods; olive presses and crushing installations; quarries of various sizes; two limekilns; and twelve plastered cisterns.

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Inscriptions And Incised Potsherds From The Western Wall Plaza Excavations, Jerusalem (Hebrew, Pp. 1–12; English Summary, Pp. 87*–88*), Daniel Vainstub Jan 2025

Inscriptions And Incised Potsherds From The Western Wall Plaza Excavations, Jerusalem (Hebrew, Pp. 1–12; English Summary, Pp. 87*–88*), Daniel Vainstub

'Atiqot

Excavations conducted approximately 100 m west of the Western Wall in Jerusalem revealed many incised pottery fragments bearing inscriptions and other markings. The form of the letters on the inscribed potsherds is generally consistent with the style common in Judah during the eighth–sixth centuries BCE. The markings were classified into five categories, four of which resemble similar groups of marks found at other sites, and the fifth consists of assorted marks, many of them unique. The assemblage exhibits clear similarities to assemblages found elsewhere in Jerusalem and at other Judahite settlements.

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A Scarab From The Western Wall Plaza Excavations, Jerusalem (Pp. 21*–23*), Othmar Keel Jan 2025

A Scarab From The Western Wall Plaza Excavations, Jerusalem (Pp. 21*–23*), Othmar Keel

'Atiqot

A scarab was found in a quarry west of the Iron Age four-room house unearthed in the Western Wall Plaza Excavations, Jerusalem. The scarab, made of baked steatite, is fragmentary, and was probably trapezoidal. On its base are traces of the name of the Egyptian god Amun-Re. Based on the features of the scarab and the inscription, the object was most probably produced during the time of Dynasty XXII (945–713 BCE).

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“The Lord Will Roar From Zion” (Amos 1:2): The Lion As A Divine Attribute On A Jerusalem Seal And Other Hebrew Glyptic Finds From The Western Wall Plaza Excavations (Pp. 1*–13*), Tallay Ornan, Shlomit Weksler-Bdolah, Shua Kisilevitz, Benjamin Sass Jan 2025

“The Lord Will Roar From Zion” (Amos 1:2): The Lion As A Divine Attribute On A Jerusalem Seal And Other Hebrew Glyptic Finds From The Western Wall Plaza Excavations (Pp. 1*–13*), Tallay Ornan, Shlomit Weksler-Bdolah, Shua Kisilevitz, Benjamin Sass

'Atiqot

A stamp seal bearing the image of a roaring lion and a Hebrew legend was found during the excavations of the Western Wall Plaza, Jerusalem. It is the first seal with a lion motif to be published from Iron Age II Jerusalem, and one of only a few from Judah bearing a lion motif. Two other glyptic finds include a fragment of a scaraboid, inscribed in Hebrew, and a bulla, with a palmette and traces of a Hebrew inscription. These finds are an important addition to the growing corpus of both inscribed and uninscribed seals that have been unearthed in …

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Member In The Entourage Of Yahweh: A Uraeus Seal From The Western Wall Plaza Excavations, Jerusalem (Pp. 15*–20*), Tallay Ornan Jan 2025

Member In The Entourage Of Yahweh: A Uraeus Seal From The Western Wall Plaza Excavations, Jerusalem (Pp. 15*–20*), Tallay Ornan

'Atiqot

A seal engraved with a four-winged uraeus was discovered in the area near the Iron Age four-room house in the Western Wall Plaza excavations, Jerusalem. The rendering is schematic, emphasizing the unsophisticated workmanship of the seal. This seal joins quite a few similar late eighth- or seventh-century BCE representations from Judah, hinting at an association of the four-winged uraeus with Yahwistic symbolism.

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A Hydraulic Construction Of The Mamluk Period At El-Madahil, Northeast Of The Hula Valley (Pp. 93*–108*), Hervé Barbé Jan 2025

A Hydraulic Construction Of The Mamluk Period At El-Madahil, Northeast Of The Hula Valley (Pp. 93*–108*), Hervé Barbé

'Atiqot

A water-related construction from the medieval period was exposed, revealing evidence for a strong flow of water. This observation was further confirmed by the eroded edges of the potsherds uncovered in the destruction phase. It is likely that this structure operated by means of the driving force of water, which enabled the rotating movement of a vertical mechanical wheel. The large number of iron nails retrieved from the site suggests that the machinery was constructed of timber, and was destroyed or dismantled. The finds, almost exclusively pottery, point to a date in the Mamluk period (fourteenth–fifteenth centuries CE).

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A Graeco-Egyptian Amulet From Nysa-Scythopolis (Bet She’An) (Pp. 89*–92*), Gabriel Mazor Jan 2025

A Graeco-Egyptian Amulet From Nysa-Scythopolis (Bet She’An) (Pp. 89*–92*), Gabriel Mazor

'Atiqot

A magical amulet was found in the Roman-Byzantine civic center of Nysa-Scythopolis (Bet She’an). It is made of cobalt glass and engraved with an intaglio design on the obverse and an incised Greek inscription on the reverse. The amulet is related to digestive healing practices that prevailed in the Graeco-Roman world. Medical amulets of this type were widespread and are generally dated to the Roman period (second–third centuries CE); however, an early Byzantine dating for similar amulets has also been suggested. It seems reasonable that magical amulets of the Graeco-Egyptian type were still in use or even newly manufactured, either …

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Millstones And Oil-Press Weights For Stabilizing Slipways From The Seabed Opposite Tel Ashqelon (Hebrew, Pp. 129–137; English Summary, Pp. 123*–124*), Ehud Galili, Baruch Rosen Jan 2025

Millstones And Oil-Press Weights For Stabilizing Slipways From The Seabed Opposite Tel Ashqelon (Hebrew, Pp. 129–137; English Summary, Pp. 123*–124*), Ehud Galili, Baruch Rosen

'Atiqot

Underwater surveys on the seabed near Tel Ashqelon exposed the remains of basalt hourglass millstones (“donkey” millstones), limestone oil-press weights and a round kurkar stone. The millstones and oil-press weights were brought to the coast to be used for mooring the portable wooden winches, used to haul boats and small ships out of the water for docking and repairs. This system would have functioned between the Roman and Crusader periods, mainly during the Byzantine period, when the city of Ashqelon was a hive of economic activity.

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An Engraved Carnelian Gem From Nysa-Scythopolis (Bet She’An) (Pp. 83*–88*), Gabriel Mazor Jan 2025

An Engraved Carnelian Gem From Nysa-Scythopolis (Bet She’An) (Pp. 83*–88*), Gabriel Mazor

'Atiqot

An intact carnelian gemstone was retrieved from the fill of the western therma in the Roman civic center of Nysa-Scythopolis (Bet She’an), along with an assortment of pottery and coins from the Roman and Byzantine periods. The gem, originally set in a ring, depicts Heracles in a scene of one of his labors: the overcoming of the Nemean lion. Based on its workmanship, style and provenience, it seems most likely that the gem dates to the second century CE.

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Inscribed Stone Anchors From Ashqelon: Finds From Underwater Surveys (Hebrew, Pp. 113–127; English Summary, Pp. 121*–122*), Ehud Galili, Gerald Finkielsztejn, Josef Ayalon, Baruch Rosen Jan 2025

Inscribed Stone Anchors From Ashqelon: Finds From Underwater Surveys (Hebrew, Pp. 113–127; English Summary, Pp. 121*–122*), Ehud Galili, Gerald Finkielsztejn, Josef Ayalon, Baruch Rosen

'Atiqot

Underwater surveys near Ashqelon revealed a large number of different types of anchors, testifying to 3500 years of sea trade off the southern coast of Israel. Of the dozens of anchors found at Ashqelon, thirteen are inscribed. The large number of engraved anchors seems to derive from the region’s physical characteristics that made navigation difficult along the coastline, rendering its waters dangerous for shipping. Thus, the large number of engravings and inscriptions on the anchors was probably intended to assure the well-being of their users.

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The Archaeozoological Finds From Khirbat El-Thahiriya (Pp. 79*–81*), Moshe Sade Jan 2025

The Archaeozoological Finds From Khirbat El-Thahiriya (Pp. 79*–81*), Moshe Sade

'Atiqot

The faunal assemblage from Khirbat el-Thahiriya is mostly domestic, attesting that the main branch of economy at this settlement was sheep/goat herding. The hen/cock category comprises an unusually high percentage of the assemblage, suggesting that these birds also played an important role in the economy of the site. The wild species comprise birds, Trigger fish, fish and mole.

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The Coins From Khirbat El-Thahiriya (Pp. 73–77), Robert Kool Jan 2025

The Coins From Khirbat El-Thahiriya (Pp. 73–77), Robert Kool

'Atiqot

Twenty-six bronze and copper coins were recovered from a large building (a farmhouse or monastery) and an adjacent olive press at Khirbat el-Thahiriya, dating to the Byzantine and Abbasid periods. The earliest datable coin is an isolated stray find of a bronze Hasmonean prutah, minted by Alexander Jannaeus (104–76 BCE). The majority of the coins span a relatively short period, beginning in the fifth–sixth centuries and ending in the mid-eighth century CE.

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A Building And An Olive Press From The Byzantine–Abbasid Periods At Khirbat El-Thahiriya (Hebrew, Pp. 81–112; English Summary, Pp. 118*–120*), Elena Kogan-Zehavi, Shulamit Hadad Jan 2025

A Building And An Olive Press From The Byzantine–Abbasid Periods At Khirbat El-Thahiriya (Hebrew, Pp. 81–112; English Summary, Pp. 118*–120*), Elena Kogan-Zehavi, Shulamit Hadad

'Atiqot

Excavations at Khirbat el-Thahiriya exposed a complex consisting of a large building, with an oil press to its northeast and an irrigation system to its west; a refuse heap; and a plastered surface. Also found were a quarry and a juglet dating to Early Bronze Age IB, not related to the other finds. The building (c. 1500 sq m) was partially exposed and three phases were identified, dating to the Byzantine (fifth–mid-seventh centuries CE; Phase 1), Umayyad (650–750 CE; Phase 2) and Abbasid (750–tenth century CE; Phase 3) periods. The three phases of the building were dated by pottery, metal …

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The Early Islamic Glass Finds From Khirbat El-Thahiriya (Pp. 57–72), Ruth E. Jackson-Tal Jan 2025

The Early Islamic Glass Finds From Khirbat El-Thahiriya (Pp. 57–72), Ruth E. Jackson-Tal

'Atiqot

The glass vessels unearthed in this excavation represent well-known types of Early Islamic-period tableware—bowls, wineglasses, bottles, jars, a jug, oil lamps, alembics, a spoon and windowpanes—some plain and others decorated in various techniques. The simple vessel shapes and the considerable number of lamp bowls and windowpanes support the identification of this site as a rural public building.

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The Coins From Ḥorbat ‘Illin (Upper) (Hebrew, Pp. 77–79; English Summary, P. 117*), Helena Sokolov Jan 2025

The Coins From Ḥorbat ‘Illin (Upper) (Hebrew, Pp. 77–79; English Summary, P. 117*), Helena Sokolov

'Atiqot

Nineteen bronze coins and one silver coin were discovered during the excavations at Ḥorbat ‘Illin (Upper). The earliest coin dates from the time of Alexander Jannaeus (76–79/80 BCE) and the latest, from the Mamluk period (fourteenth century CE).

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Ḥorbat ‘Illin (Upper): Rock-Cut Installations From The Late Hellenistic And Early Roman Periods, And Remains Of A Settlement From The Byzantine And Early Islamic Periods (Hebrew, Pp. 13–75; English Summary, Pp. 112*–116*), Shlomit Weksler-Bdolah Jan 2025

Ḥorbat ‘Illin (Upper): Rock-Cut Installations From The Late Hellenistic And Early Roman Periods, And Remains Of A Settlement From The Byzantine And Early Islamic Periods (Hebrew, Pp. 13–75; English Summary, Pp. 112*–116*), Shlomit Weksler-Bdolah

'Atiqot

A salvage excavation conducted at Ḥorbat ‘Illin, on a hilltop in the Judean Shephelah, revealed the remains of burial caves, cisterns and underground installations. These were quarried out and used in the Hellenistic and early Roman periods (first century BCE–second century CE), suggesting the existence of a nearby settlement from the Second Temple period that has not been excavated. Some of the installations were in use in later periods, as shown by pottery finds from the Byzantine, Umayyad and Mamluk periods. The main excavated areas were located in the center of the western slope (c. 4000 sq m), revealing the …

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