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Full-Text Articles in Arts and Humanities

Design In Dialogue: Ai As An Aid Of Imagination For Future Scenarios, Viktor Malakuczi, Mariia Ershova, Andrea Gentile, Camilla Gironi, Miriam Saviano, Lorenzo Imbesi Jun 2024

Design In Dialogue: Ai As An Aid Of Imagination For Future Scenarios, Viktor Malakuczi, Mariia Ershova, Andrea Gentile, Camilla Gironi, Miriam Saviano, Lorenzo Imbesi

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Generative AI tools foreshadow fundamental changes in the dynamics of creative work. Albeit controlling the output is still challenging, the rapid conceptual development and visualization can be particularly helpful in the exploratory phase, facilitating approaches such as design fiction. The contribution aims at providing an overview of how AI can fit in various steps, demonstrating in particular how the AI-enabled visualization from text and sketches allows imagining and iterating quickly on future scenarios. Starting from a benchmarking of over sixty AI tools according to the Design Thinking process, the efficacy of a human-AI collaboration has been experimented through workshops with …


Hand Postures: An Analysis Of Patterns In Novice Design Drawing, Jason O'Neill Germany, Kris Brauer Jun 2024

Hand Postures: An Analysis Of Patterns In Novice Design Drawing, Jason O'Neill Germany, Kris Brauer

DRS Biennial Conference Series

In the realm of design drawing, extensive research and professional expertise have been dedicated to identifying the techniques and specific methods employed by designers. However, limited knowledge has been captured as to the potential in-fluence of human biomechanics on the act of design drawing. This research en-deavors to scrutinize the specific hand postures adopted by a diverse group of de-signers, particularly those who are at the early stages of their design training, name-ly second-year design students. This exploration extends to investigating how these postures are influenced by prior exposure to design or art drawing instruction and, most crucially, how they …


Embodied Prototyping In Vr: Ideation And Bodystorming Within A Custom Vr Sandbox, Joshua Robin Mcveigh-Schultz, Elena Márquez Segura, Katherine Isbister Jun 2024

Embodied Prototyping In Vr: Ideation And Bodystorming Within A Custom Vr Sandbox, Joshua Robin Mcveigh-Schultz, Elena Márquez Segura, Katherine Isbister

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Social virtual reality platforms present new opportunities for embodied design processes. This paper illustrates a range of embodied design techniques made possible through social engagement with VR/XR technology. Drawing from a case study involving the prototyping of a conversation visualization system for VR meetings, we present several novel embodied design methods in VR (also applicable to XR). These include: new techniques for supporting embodied ideation; new ways of acting out and improvising scenarios together; and new opportunities for preparing and manipulating assets, environments, and lo fi interactions for embodied design processes. These novel techniques and approaches point to exciting new …


Experiential Futures Through Immersive Design Fiction, Joshua Robin Mcveigh-Schultz Jun 2024

Experiential Futures Through Immersive Design Fiction, Joshua Robin Mcveigh-Schultz

DRS Biennial Conference Series

A key political challenge of addressing climate change has been that, despite its deep involvement with so many aspects of our society, its threat can at times feel abstracted from our daily lives— a gap futurists lament as the “experiential gulf” between our ability to imagine the future and our capacity to experience it. Immersive Design Fiction Experiences (IDFEs) use virtual reality as a way of bridging this experiential gulf by positioning participants as embodied subjects within a virtual storyworld. With IDFEs designers can explore a rich palette of experiential phenomena—such as speculative social rituals, embodied interactions with objects, and …


How Maps Shape Information In Design Research: A Study Of Five Method Collections, Ilpo Koskinen, Martin Tomitsch Jun 2024

How Maps Shape Information In Design Research: A Study Of Five Method Collections, Ilpo Koskinen, Martin Tomitsch

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Maps have a rich history in design and design research. However, to date, their use and application have not been systematically studied. This paper proposes a model that classifies maps into four main types depending on how they help designers to visualize information: arranging entities on a plane, organizing content, synthesizing content and making sense. We use the model to systematically analyze and categorize maps from five design methods collections. Out of 399 methods in these collections, we identified 65 methods that were based on mapping. We found that the primary use of maps in design is to organize content …


A Participatory Approach To Healthcare Service Improvement Focused On Staff Behavior Change, Fernando Carvalho, Val Mitchell, Gyuchan Thomas Jun Jun 2024

A Participatory Approach To Healthcare Service Improvement Focused On Staff Behavior Change, Fernando Carvalho, Val Mitchell, Gyuchan Thomas Jun

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Healthcare systems are complex social systems wherein improvements related to staff practice and behavior can be difficult to implement. Knowledge and practice can be uneven between various specializations, hierarchical imbalances limit the degree of agency of different professionals, and evidence-based guidelines may be interpreted or implemented according to context-specific factors. When changes are imposed from a top-down perspective, invaluable insight and know-how from frontline staff are usually left out, making it further difficult (if not altogether impractical) to implement interventions. The current paper presents a case study focused on improving urinary tract infection diagnosis and treatment, in the emergency department …


Flexibility Is Key: Career Exploration And Vocational Identity Status Among Design Students, Najla Mouchrek Jun 2024

Flexibility Is Key: Career Exploration And Vocational Identity Status Among Design Students, Najla Mouchrek

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This study investigates processes of career exploration and vocational identity development for Design students. Establishing a professional identity is a central aspect for career construction and definition of academic, personal, and professional goals – and an essential process to promote success and accomplishment as students prepare to move from school to work.We surveyed 109 students enrolled in undergraduate design majors and minors and graduate design programs at a North-American university on career decision motivation and vocational identity status including measures of career exploration (in-breadth and in-depth), career commitment and career flexibility. Findings follow a developmental perspective suggesting that age and …


Advancing Design With Generative Ai: A Case Of Automotive Design Process Transformation, Yi Li, Yeye Li, Wei Yan, Fan Yang, Xuanxuan Ding Jun 2024

Advancing Design With Generative Ai: A Case Of Automotive Design Process Transformation, Yi Li, Yeye Li, Wei Yan, Fan Yang, Xuanxuan Ding

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Generative AI has greatly enhanced the production of digital content and has had a significant impact on the creative activities of designers. However, generalized generative AI falls short of designers' expectations in semantic understanding and image generation, and thus been poorly used in specific design domains (e.g., automotive design). This paper aims to explore the integration of generative AI into the design process, focusing on the generation of automotive design. We deconstructed the process of automotive design through user research, extracted the needs and pain points of designers, and transformed them into fine-tuning tasks for generative models. We trained three …


Community Empowerment And Identity Assimilation: Social Innovation Design Practice Through Food Resources, Yuxin Wen, Peng Ji, Yuhang Jiang, Qiwen Chen, Han Meng Jun 2024

Community Empowerment And Identity Assimilation: Social Innovation Design Practice Through Food Resources, Yuxin Wen, Peng Ji, Yuhang Jiang, Qiwen Chen, Han Meng

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Food possesses inherent cultural attributes and serves as a natural medium of connection. This paper introduces a design project for social innovation using food resources: "From Tree to Table" (FTTT). The project is the product of a social innovation course at an art school and lasted for three months. The focus of the project is on the relationship between soft food sovereignty and community transformative change. The Peach Lake Community (PLC) is rich in ecological resources, and a government-level change resulted in differentiation within the community between indigenous residents and recent migrants. FTTT explores the possibility of using the seasonal …


Historical Evolution Of Age-Friendly Transitions In The Yangfangdian Community In Beijing: A Multi-Level Perspective, Lijun Chen, Vladimír Kočí, Haipeng Tian Jun 2024

Historical Evolution Of Age-Friendly Transitions In The Yangfangdian Community In Beijing: A Multi-Level Perspective, Lijun Chen, Vladimír Kočí, Haipeng Tian

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The issue of transition and transformation of communities has a long history. Particularly in today's context of increasing aging trends, cities and communities are facing unprecedented multiple challenges that drive the transition to a more inclusive and sustainable future to enable community stakeholders to have a higher quality of life experience and to fulfil their visions for the future. This paper systemically reveals insights from the past of the ageing issue in the Yangfangdian community in Beijing through a multi- level perspective (MLP) framework created with local residents, a museum and design students to understand the historical foundations of the …


Situated Partnerships To Face Food Waste Within A Neighborhood-Based Food Redistribution Service: The Case Of "Sospesa", Davide Fassi, Valentina Ferreri Jun 2024

Situated Partnerships To Face Food Waste Within A Neighborhood-Based Food Redistribution Service: The Case Of "Sospesa", Davide Fassi, Valentina Ferreri

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Neighborhoods can be seen as experimental hubs where innovative design strat-egies are tested within local communities, addressing the social and environ-mental issues that impact global cities and promoting more equitable futures. In current times of crisis, amid substantial food waste, urban areas are witnessing a growing phenomenon of vulnerable groups suffering from food poverty, often coupled with limited access to fresh food. This scenario has led to a proliferation of diverse charitable initiatives, concurrently fueling researchers' exploration of sustainable food commons and circular systems. However, to foster community-driven development of such models, it becomes imperative to structure services around local, …


Should We Re-Frame Sustainable Interaction Design? Towards A More Holistic Sustainability “In Designing”, Nicola Besana Jun 2024

Should We Re-Frame Sustainable Interaction Design? Towards A More Holistic Sustainability “In Designing”, Nicola Besana

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This essay presents the findings of an exploratory literature review on the evo-lution of Sustainable Interaction Design (SID). Historically, SID has referred to Blevis’s principles of "sustainability through design", related to behavioural change, and "sustainability in design" with a predominant focus on environmental sustainability. However, a significant paradigm shift in the field urges to encompass a third "sustainability in designing" dimension, related more to the design process as emphasised by scholars, now offering methodological guidelines to create sustainable interactions. The study proposes an updated frame of SID starting from its first definitions. Secondly, if environmental sustainability remains crucial, it is …


Missing The Bus: A Toolkit For Amplifying Unheard Voices Of Women Commuters In India, Dhriti Dhaundiyal, Nishant Sharma Jun 2024

Missing The Bus: A Toolkit For Amplifying Unheard Voices Of Women Commuters In India, Dhriti Dhaundiyal, Nishant Sharma

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Inequity in access is created when infrastructure and services are created for the de-fault 'generic user'. Mobility has long been a key factor in empowerment of women, defining how women navigate their personal and professional lives. The number of women using public buses in India has remained low. Policy formulation for large populations is driven by statistical analysis and data models that do not account for marginalized groups. The present toolkit used to develop the comprehensive mobility plan for Indian cities lacks the tools to elicit tacit needs and requirements of such citizens. To address this gap, we designed a …


Revealing User Tacit Knowledge: Generative-Image-Ai Helps Create Better Design Conversation, Wenhui He, Yi Xiao, Yu Xie Jun 2024

Revealing User Tacit Knowledge: Generative-Image-Ai Helps Create Better Design Conversation, Wenhui He, Yi Xiao, Yu Xie

DRS Biennial Conference Series

In new product development, engaging users in co-creation provides valuable opportunities for innovation by uncovering their latent needs. However, user knowledge is often tacit and difficult to express. This study considers Generative-Image-AI as a tool to facilitate communication between users and designers, and explores how it intervenes in the design process to facilitate meaningful design conversations. We proposed the conceptual design iteration process model for Generative-Image-AI intervention in the product conceptual design phase and conducted a workshop with six designer-user dyads. The results demonstrated the positive impact of Generative-Image-AI on design conversations by fostering continuous communication, expanding possibilities, and encouraging …


Toward Mutual Understanding: Constructing The Designer-Developer Collaboration In Designing Gesture Interaction, Yijing Yang, Wei Wang, Jun Zhang, Qi Chen, Le Du Jun 2024

Toward Mutual Understanding: Constructing The Designer-Developer Collaboration In Designing Gesture Interaction, Yijing Yang, Wei Wang, Jun Zhang, Qi Chen, Le Du

DRS Biennial Conference Series

In design-driven research and development projects, one of the biggest challenges is to make the different roles speak the same language. In this paper, along with a real project concerning the UX enhancement of smartphone touch-based gestures, we found designers and developers possessed their familiar skills and tools, but lacked understanding of each other's work, especially when designers encountered developers' work. Therefore, we propose the 5Fs model, elucidating how touch-based gesture interaction is constructed through different roles' involvement. The 5Fs layer was identified, relating work content to UX, including Hardware Feature, Coding Frame, Function Matching, Visual Feedforward, and Modal Feedback. …


Designing New Phygital Service Experiences For Hospitality, Päivi Hanni-Vaara, Minni Haanpää, Satu Miettinen Jun 2024

Designing New Phygital Service Experiences For Hospitality, Päivi Hanni-Vaara, Minni Haanpää, Satu Miettinen

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This qualitative case study explores the blending of physical and digital as phygital experience at the Rovaniemi Local Heritage Museum in the very specific context of periferal Arctic Lapland. The case study builds on participatory design and provides findings and discussions on how to utilize mobile head-mounted eye tracking sensor technology and empathy map as methods in researching phygital customer experiences during the tourism customer journeys in peripheral, remotely situated micro and small-scale organisations. The findings provide tourism, service and experience design researchers, developers, and service providers with relevant information about the future challenge of phygital touchpoint design. The case …


Leveraging Llms For Reflection ��: Approaches To Mitigate Assumptions Within The Design Process, Niklas Muhs, Aeneas Stankowski Jun 2024

Leveraging Llms For Reflection ��: Approaches To Mitigate Assumptions Within The Design Process, Niklas Muhs, Aeneas Stankowski

DRS Biennial Conference Series

In an increasingly complex landscape, designers grapple with unprecedented uncertainty, often exacerbated by inherent biases and implicit assumptions. Utilizing Large Language Models (LLMs), our formative study introduces "Anticipate," a tool designed to interrogate these hidden presumptions and mitigate uncertainty. A subsequent study demonstrates that LLMs can critically challenge design ideas, elucidate underlying thought patterns, and expose biases, thereby preempting undesirable outcomes. Importantly, we employ specific input framing techniques to minimize the risk of LLM-induced biases and hallucinations in decision-making. Collectively, these methodologies aim to attenuate both designer and algorithmic biases, thereby mitigating the perpetuation of adverse societal trends.


A Case Study Into The Role Of Bodily Expertise In Somatic Design Ideation, Yeup Hur, Liz Van Der Jagt, Geert Boer, Tyana Hendriksma, Els Van Raaij, Panos Markopoulos Jun 2024

A Case Study Into The Role Of Bodily Expertise In Somatic Design Ideation, Yeup Hur, Liz Van Der Jagt, Geert Boer, Tyana Hendriksma, Els Van Raaij, Panos Markopoulos

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Research in tangible and embodied interaction design highlights the critical role of the human body and its movement. Various studies have explored the importance of bodily awareness (Hummels, 2007) and have further encouraged de-signers to cultivate subjective bodily skills (Schiphorst, 2011) to support and enhance design practices. These bodily considerations have led to methodological approaches, such as body storming (Schleicher, 2010), to a more holistic approach like Soma Design (Höök, 2018), emphasising the importance of bodily understanding. This paper examines the characteristics of experienced bodily movers and their potential contributions to the design ideation process. We also explore how these …


Landscape Of Agency Of Objects In Public Space: A Collective Expression, Cigdem Kaya Jun 2024

Landscape Of Agency Of Objects In Public Space: A Collective Expression, Cigdem Kaya

DRS Biennial Conference Series

In this research human relationships with objects were traced through 25 participant documentations in 7 different cities. 25 different participant documentation portray the variety of the experiences emerging around objects in public space. The textual part of participants’ documentation was analyzed with thematic analysis. With thematic analysis, new themes were identified. This new themes illustrate a landscape of the agency of objects in public space. I asked participants to report a personal account of an everyday object in public space with text and photography. The collected material consisting of texts and photographs were analysed with thematic analysis inspired by grounded …


Strategic Design: The Integration Of The Two Fields Of Strategy And Design, Jan Michel Auernhammer Jun 2024

Strategic Design: The Integration Of The Two Fields Of Strategy And Design, Jan Michel Auernhammer

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This article outlines the evolution of Design in Strategy and Strategy in Design and discusses the differences and similarities. The examination of the evolutions revealed three different perspectives on integrating Strategy and Design in both fields. The article provides a nuanced understanding of Strategic Design by purposefully establishing the vocabulary of each perspective. The first perspective is a planning practice containing strategic tools and design methods to create conceptual plans. The second perspective is a learning practice through collective reflection from intent and action. The last perspective is the enablement of a comprehensive design practice in which tangible design and …


Analyzing User Experience With A Smart Product-Service System: Children-Owned Wearables, Isil Oygur Ilhan, Yunan Chen, Daniel A. Epstein Jun 2024

Analyzing User Experience With A Smart Product-Service System: Children-Owned Wearables, Isil Oygur Ilhan, Yunan Chen, Daniel A. Epstein

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Contemporary smart product-service systems increasingly enable multiple users to interact with multiple touchpoints of the same system simultaneously. We looked deeper into the use practice of one such smart product-service system, children-owned wearables. Our data comes from a short-term auto-ethnography and a user review analysis of 9 children-owned wearables. Experiences designed for children assume they have limited agency, leading parents to switch roles between being the end and mediating users. As mediating users, parents become service providers for their children. These user dynamics can hinder children’s experience with wearables and their interaction with other wearable users. Our findings extend the …


Rendering Soil Care Across Hotel, Retailer, And Farm With A Mutuality Service Blueprint, Markus Wernli, Kam Fai Chan Jun 2024

Rendering Soil Care Across Hotel, Retailer, And Farm With A Mutuality Service Blueprint, Markus Wernli, Kam Fai Chan

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Food retailers and hoteliers aiming at eco-social transitions struggle to show tangible impact on the ground. Since sustainable food systems necessitate internal reconfigurations of service structure, exploring value creation concerning the local environment and community is essential. Design management tools are challenged to deliver mutualist conditions that respond to the needs of soils and humans. We explore what an eco-social Mutuality Service Blueprint entails based on an empirical pilot case. Here, 13 hoteliers and 17 retail customers in Hong Kong became soil care service providers over 43 weeks by diverting 4800 liters of food waste for composting and growing 1500 …


With Great Power Comes Great Responsibility: The Discourse Of Conduct And Ethics In Professional Design, Veronika Kelly, Meghan Kelly Jun 2024

With Great Power Comes Great Responsibility: The Discourse Of Conduct And Ethics In Professional Design, Veronika Kelly, Meghan Kelly

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Knowledge of professional design is (re)produced through discourse and its culture of use: from the language used, interactions with others and objects created, to the techniques and procedures that connect and distribute professional design knowledge. Here, discourse both shapes and is shaped by social practices and communicated through structures such as codes of conduct and codes of ethics. This paper explores the discourse of codes of conduct and codes of ethics for professional design developed by peak design organisations. We argue that such codes serve as forms of industry self-regulation encapsulating designers’ responsibilities and the ethics of their practices. However, …


Sharing Instead Of Being Infringed: How To Build A Responsible Community For Online Artwork Sharing?, Shenglan Cui, Fang Liu, Biyao Li, Xiang Yuan Jun 2024

Sharing Instead Of Being Infringed: How To Build A Responsible Community For Online Artwork Sharing?, Shenglan Cui, Fang Liu, Biyao Li, Xiang Yuan

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The development of internet and artificial intelligence technology promotes the dissemination of artworks but also increases the possibility of infringement. Designers who selflessly share their work risk having it stolen, plagiarized, sold, used directly as NFT, or used for AI training. In this paper, we conducted an exploratory study to investigate desingers' needs and solutions when faced with online artwork-sharing infringement. We held two workshops to discuss design plagiarism and illegal AI-art data training. Ultimately, the team arrived at seven solutions for addressing potential infringement issues that arise when sharing artwork online. Synthesizing the participants' evaluations and related research, we …


Fostering A Patient-Led Culture Of Care Through Data Physicalization: A Design Approach To Create Awareness And Promote Data Collection On Antimicrobial Resistance, Ginevra Terenghi, Serena Cangiano, Antonella Autuori, Cristina Margarida Corti Jun 2024

Fostering A Patient-Led Culture Of Care Through Data Physicalization: A Design Approach To Create Awareness And Promote Data Collection On Antimicrobial Resistance, Ginevra Terenghi, Serena Cangiano, Antonella Autuori, Cristina Margarida Corti

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The paradigm shift in healthcare delivery models is leading to individuals assuming greater responsibilities and control, as the agency is moving from doctor-centric to patient-centric. To foster a patient-led culture of care, health and data literacy are essential, especially in the context of global challenges, where citizen awareness is fundamental to play actively in co-creating knowledge. This paper outlines a methodological approach and the outcomes of a design research project focused on promoting engagement and literacy to facilitate citizen and patient participation in addressing the antimicrobial resistance threat. The approach is tested in the format of an experimental workshop, inspired …


Designing With More-Than-Human Temporalities, Riel Bessai, Roy Bendor, Ruud Balkenende Jun 2024

Designing With More-Than-Human Temporalities, Riel Bessai, Roy Bendor, Ruud Balkenende

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Time is a crucial element in design, and even more so when it comes to designing for sustainability. Many designers approach sustainability from a problem-solving perspective, according to which time is linear (and therefore quantifiable) and the future is predictable (and therefore designable). Designerly time appears quintessentially modern and human. A welcome antidote can be found in more-than-human design perspectives, where a multitude of actants and agencies and their appropriate temporalities are given consideration and space. In this paper we add to such approaches by suggesting two ways to engage with more-than-human temporalities: noticing and care. We illustrate how these …


Playable Systems: Game Co-Design For Systemic Intervention, Evan Barba, Adeline Hvidsten, Josina Vink, Anna Kirah, Rebecca Rouse Jun 2024

Playable Systems: Game Co-Design For Systemic Intervention, Evan Barba, Adeline Hvidsten, Josina Vink, Anna Kirah, Rebecca Rouse

DRS Biennial Conference Series

No abstract provided.


Queer(Ing) Design, Jess Parris Westbrook, Gem Barton (She/Her), Coraline Ada Ehmke (She/Her) Jun 2024

Queer(Ing) Design, Jess Parris Westbrook, Gem Barton (She/Her), Coraline Ada Ehmke (She/Her)

DRS Biennial Conference Series

No abstract provided.


Mapping Constellations For Transformative Futures’, Chris Speed, Ann Light, Andrea Siodmok, Sarah Teasley, Laurene Vaughan, Colin M. Gray, Laura Forlano, Kristina Lindstrom, Dan Lockton Jun 2024

Mapping Constellations For Transformative Futures’, Chris Speed, Ann Light, Andrea Siodmok, Sarah Teasley, Laurene Vaughan, Colin M. Gray, Laura Forlano, Kristina Lindstrom, Dan Lockton

DRS Biennial Conference Series

No abstract provided.


Does Ai Need Designing? Exploring The Contribution Of Designers In Clinical Ai Development, Somayeh Ranjbar, Jeroen Raijmakers, Peter Lloyd, Elisa Giaccardi, Somaya Ben Allouch Jun 2024

Does Ai Need Designing? Exploring The Contribution Of Designers In Clinical Ai Development, Somayeh Ranjbar, Jeroen Raijmakers, Peter Lloyd, Elisa Giaccardi, Somaya Ben Allouch

DRS Biennial Conference Series

No abstract provided.