Arts and Humanities Commons^™

“And When We Wished We Would Drive Away The Night”: Preventing The Disneyfication Of Aglarond, Kristine Larsen

Journal of Tolkien Research

It is well-known that two trips to the Cheddar Gorge Caves formed the basis for the “Glittering Caves of Aglarond” found in Helm’s Deep and described in The Two Towers. Tolkien explained a 1971 letter how that “the passage was based on the caves in Cheddar Gorge and was written just after I had revisited these in 1940 but was still coloured by my memory of them much earlier before they became so commercialized. I had been there during my honeymoon nearly thirty years before.” In April 1940, the Tolkiens and their three youngest children took an extended holiday …

The Effect Of Religious Belief On Spiritual Tourism Intention: A Case Study Of Vietnamese Tourists To Thailand, Huong Thi Quynh Nguyen, Ngan Thi Huyen Nguyen

International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage

In this paper, religious belief was integrated into the Goal-Directed Behaviour Model, to clarify the behaviour of tourists towards spiritual tourism. Data from 516 Vietnamese tourists visiting Thailand was used for PLS-SEM analysis. The research results indicated positive relationships of religious belief to the original elements of the MGB, including attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control, emotion, and spiritual tourism intention. Desire was shown to be a key predictor of intention, mediating the effects of attitude, subjective norm, behavioural control, and emotion on the tourists’ intention to engage in spiritual tourism.

Possible Contestation Between Pilgrimage And Tourism: A Spatial Analysis Of The Shrine Of Shahjalal, Zarin Tasnim Rashid

International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage

This paper aims to examine the contestation between pilgrimage and tourism by conducting a spatial analysis on the shrine of Shahjalal, a prominent pilgrimage site in Bangladesh. It analyses particular components of this site through the lens of Kim Knott’s (2009) concept of a spatial approach based on four essential characteristics that connect a location to the larger whole of space. This paper followed a qualitative research method and more specifically content analysis. Being a prominent pilgrimage site in Bangladesh, the Shrine of Shahjalal, turns into a centre of contestation due to the presence of tourists and other existing stakeholders. …

Hajj Pilgrimage And Spatial Behaviour In Sacred Space, Zuhriddin Juraev, Young-Jin Ahn, Ji-Yeong Gu

International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage

This study examines the behavioural and spatial dynamics of the Hajj pilgrimage through the conceptual lens of behavioural geography, focusing on how sacred space, ritual choreography, and communal experiences shape religious engagement. Centred on the Kaaba and surrounding pilgrimage sites, this study explores how ritual practices such as Tawaf, Sa’i, and standing at Arafat construct immersive and affective experiences for pilgrims. Drawing on an interpretive analysis of visual and textual sources, the study argues that sacred space operates not only as a physical setting but also as a symbolic framework that mediates spiritual transformation and social cohesion. It also highlights …

Lesson Learned: Developing A Replica Of The Kaaba In Central Lombok As An Educational Religious Tourism Destination - A Public Sector Role Approach, M. Setyo Nugroho, Muhammad Muhajir Aminy

International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage

This study examines the role of village administration in developing the Kaaba replica as a religious education site in Central Lombok. It introduces a unique tourism product that provides travellers with an experience reminiscent of the Hajj in Mecca. The research employs a qualitative approach with exploratory analysis, and data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Observations focused on the replica’s condition, supporting attractions, facilities, infrastructure, tour packages, and tourist activities. Interviews were conducted with village officials, replica management, and community members. Documentation included photographs, audio, video, records, scientific publications, and books related to the replica. The findings indicate …

Pageantry In The Skies: Changes To The Hendon Raf Aerial Pageant Throughout The Interwar Years In The United Kingdom, Amy Zhou

Swarthmore Undergraduate History Journal

The Hendon RAF Aerial Pageants were held in Britain in the Hendon Aerodrome from 1920 to 1937. Initially established to promote airmindedness in the British public and legitimize the Royal Air Force so that it could remain an independent service, aerial theatre was utilized extensively to transform flight into a spectacle. As the interwar years progressed, the pageant developed complex “set pieces” that showcased elaborate simulations of military maneuvers such as strategic bombing against industrial and imperial targets, eliciting a mixture of awe and fear in the face of aviation’s destructive potential. By the mid-1930s, the focus had shifted to …

“As The Developing Situation Warrants”: U.S. Counterterrorism Policy Considered Through The 1994 Gerry Adams Visa Debate, Olivia T. Sullivan

Swarthmore Undergraduate History Journal

This thesis analyzes the 1994 U.S. decision to grant Sinn Féin leader Gerry Adams a visa and what it reveals about American counterterrorism policy in the immediate post–Cold War period. Long suspected of senior involvement in the Provisional Irish Republican Army during the Troubles (1968–1998), Adams had previously been denied entry under terrorism-related immigration provisions. His case became a flashpoint inside the U.S. government: officials debated whether diplomatic opportunity, domestic political incentives, and momentum toward peace in Northern Ireland warranted a departure from the prior “no concessions” posture toward IRA-linked figures. Situating the controversy within U.S. terrorism discourse from the …

Reform And Dependency: Labor, Industry, And The Failure To Reglate American Pharmaceuticals, 1959–1964, Andrew J. Storino

Swarthmore Undergraduate History Journal

In 1959, Tennessee Senator Estes Kefauver launched the first federal inquiry into high drug prices, in a series of hearings which have been reprised many times over in the decades since. While Kefauver failed to pass substantive reforms, his work garnered popular support, and has received much subsequent attention from historians. Legislative action was not the only response to pharmaceutical profiteering, however, and scholars have not yet explored how unions and civil society groups responded creatively to the issue of high drug prices — by opening not-for-profit pharmacies, bargaining for health insurance, and amassing biomedical knowledge at the grassroots level. …

The Role Of Religion In The Exoduster Movement, Rachel E. Mulick

Swarthmore Undergraduate History Journal

Religion occupies a significant role in the Exoduster movement and how scholars talk about it. References to the Biblical exodus of Egypt, Israelites, and Canaan appear time and time again. An exploration of primary and secondary sources pertaining to the movement indicates that religious language and institutions played a significant role in motivating migration and supporting migrants on their journeys. However, though religion acted as a support for many, its presence was not universal, nor did its influence rival more practical push and pull factors. Migrants were first and foremost propelled by deplorable conditions in the South; their motivations were …

The Egyptian Discovery Of The Rising Sun: Re-Evaluating The Pan-Asianist Rhetoric Of Mustafa Kamil And Trans-Imperialism, Hung Pan (Eric) Li

Swarthmore Undergraduate History Journal

Mustafa Kamil (1874–1908) is widely celebrated in modern historiography as a founding father of modern Egypt for his contributions to Egyptian nationalism. It is conventionally understood that he achieved mastery in "speaking back to the Occident" by leveraging both domestic and international support, reconciling his nationalist agenda of self-determination with Pan-Asianist rhetoric and international solidarity against Western imperialism. One of the most frequently cited pieces of evidence for this position can be found in his 1904 work on Japan, The Rising Sun, in which he praised Japan's modernization and its resistance to the West, and encouraged Egyptians to follow …

The Impossibility Of Anti-Capitalist Protests In Liberal Discourse: A Study Of Media Rhetoric During The Piquetero Movement In Argentina, 2003-2007, Grant C. Himes

Swarthmore Undergraduate History Journal

Around the turn of the twenty-first century, the piquetero movement in Argentina expanded the political sphere in Argentina by forming new coalitions of unions, the unemployed, and leftist parties in the midst of an economic crisis. However, media coverage of the protests often flattened the category of protester in a category discrete from that of the public, which more closely resembled the media’s middle class, apolitical audience. Through this rhetorical separation between the piquetero and the “public,” the newspapers Clarín and La Nación focused their discourse on the “violent” tactics of the protests, ignoring their economic demands and the struggle …

'A Hundred Times A Man': Chastity, Martial Culture And Manhood In Franco's Spain, Ava M. Golde

Swarthmore Undergraduate History Journal

Using the military as a case study, this essay seeks to understand how chastity became a symbol of complete regeneration for Spanish society, both in terms of a physical revival of a soldier’s health but also a moral and spiritual reawakening of the Catholic soul. In analyzing military magazines, instructional pamphlets, and the memoirs of soldiers, this paper unpacks the relationship between enforced male chastity and Francoist military masculinity, demonstrating how ideas of manhood were deliberately altered to fit a nationalist project of regeneration. Finally, I place this conception of the “New Spanish Man” within the broader context of militarized …

Getting A Special Education: Parents, Lawyers, And The Politics Of Disability In Postwar Pennsylvania, Emma Gabriel

Swarthmore Undergraduate History Journal

This paper explores the relationship between white parent advocates in Pennsylvania and public interest lawyers, whose litigation efforts legitimized the construction of an implicitly white disabled class in the mid-twentieth century. This analysis sheds light on the ways in which school reform became a key element in the simultaneous construction and renegotiation of intellectual disability and race in the postwar era, and foregrounded the adoption of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) in 1975.

Archives # 2 -- Thirty-Third And Third Degrees (1908), Editorial Board

The International Journal of Ecopsychology (IJE)

No abstract provided.

Archives # 1 -- A Soldier’S Home (1889), Editorial Board

The International Journal of Ecopsychology (IJE)

No abstract provided.

Analisis Hasil Penerjemahan Ai Pada Karya Sastra Jerman Rotkäppchen Ke Dalam Bahasa Indonesia, Kamila Adriana Ardine, Dewi Kartika Ardiyani

Journal of Language, Literature, and Arts

This study aims to describe and compare DeepL and ChatGPT translations of the Brothers Grimm fairy tale Rotkäppchen from German into Indonesian based on Nida and Taber’s principle of dynamic equivalence. The study employs a qualitative descriptive approach with a comparative design. The data sources consist of the German text of Rotkäppchen from Kinder- und Hausmärchen (1857) and its translations produced by DeepL and ChatGPT. The analysis focuses on lexical, grammatical, semantic, pragmatic, and stylistic aspects while considering the preservation of meaning, context, target-language naturalness, and communicative effect. The findings indicate that the two tools exhibit different translation tendencies, with …

Carnival In Tijuana: A Visual Study Of The Brinco Del Chinelo, Nancy Rios-Contreras, Chenesia Brown

Sociology Faculty Articles and Research

The Mexico–United States border is politicized and perceived as an undesirable, violent place and simultaneously a desirable cultural location rich in tradition. This study aimed to develop a comprehensive understanding of the dynamic nature of the Tijuana–California border by exploring the performance of culture in a geopolitical border place. So far, most border research has concentrated on negative portrayals of cities and the border rather than on the joyful and festive lived experiences. Grounded in a visual sociology methodology, data collection included photo-ethnography and fieldwork observations conducted between 2022 and 2024 during an annual summer carnival, Carnaval Sin Fronteras [Carnival …

Editorial Vol. 13(1), September 2026, Editorial Board

The International Journal of Ecopsychology (IJE)

No abstract provided.

Table Of Contents Vol. 13(1), September 2026, Editorial Board

The International Journal of Ecopsychology (IJE)

No abstract provided.

American Letters # 2 -- Child-Raising On Mars (1912) – Edgar Rice Burroughs, Editorial Board

The International Journal of Ecopsychology (IJE)

No abstract provided.

Book Review: Adrian Harris’S Nature Connection: Remembering Wholeness. Pathways To Curiosity, Presence And Belonging, Editorial Board

The International Journal of Ecopsychology (IJE)

No abstract provided.

The Neolithic Quandary (Anonymous), Editorial Board

The International Journal of Ecopsychology (IJE)

No abstract provided.

Part Iii. Uncanny Spaces And The Trauma Of The Misplaced: Revisiting Psychological Athetosis As The Ecogothic, George Conesa

The International Journal of Ecopsychology (IJE)

After climbing mount “Ktaadn” [Katahdin] in Maine, Thoreau observed that not all of nature was a one size-fits-all walk in the friendly woods with foxes cavorting and butterflies a-fluttering. While revisiting ecogothic perspectives (Conesa, 2024), a topical turn is made toward understanding interconnected fear responses to uncanny landscapes as a factor of previous and new traumatic events. A deep historical and comprehensive appraisal of organisms in their natural and newly found umwelten suggests that the ecogothic uncanny is a common experience of organism-territory accommodations to “place.” During these place-mind interstices, past traumatic events are amplified into newly …

American Letters # 1 -- Scott Nearing (1975), Editorial Board

The International Journal of Ecopsychology (IJE)

No abstract provided.

Trauma Work With Horses: Compassion And Connection, Olivia Sagan Prof

The International Journal of Ecopsychology (IJE)

New ways of working with trauma survivors are being sought with the case being made that dominant trauma therapies have relied too heavily on verbal narration and cognitive processing.  Evidence suggests that traumatic experiences are often encoded in sensory, emotional, physiological, and relational systems that may be difficult to access through language alone. This has led to interest in the potential of body-oriented, movement-based, and experiential interventions alongside traditional talk therapies. There are also calls for exploring nature-based therapies as these have shown that engagement with natural environments may help aid the process of healing. Within this context, equine-assisted therapies …

Traumatic Experiences, Perceived Discrimination, And Psychological Distress Among Members Of Various Socially Marginalized Groups, Kimberley Matheson, Mindi D. Foster, Amy Bombay, Robyn Mcquaid, Hymie Anisman

The International Journal of Ecopsychology (IJE)

Perceived discrimination has consistently been shown to be associated with diminished mental health, but the psychological processes underlying this link are less well understood. The present series of four studies assessed the role of a history traumatic events in generating a proliferation of discrimination stressors and threat appraisals, which in turn predict psychological distress (depressive and posttraumatic stress symptoms) (mediation model), or whether prior traumatic events sensitize group members, such that when they encounter discrimination, the link to stress-related symptoms is heightened (moderation model). Each of the studies assessed a different marginalized group in Canada, including Indigenous peoples, Blacks, Jews, …

"The Yankee Connection", William Lindsey Mcdonald

Research Articles

The article summarizes the impact of the Negley family in North Alabama, including the construction of the Negley Hotel.

Union Brigadier General, James Scott Negley entered North Alabama on May 13, 1862, and through a series of skirmishes began to occupy Florence. Later, his relative, Major Albert Gallatin Negley arrived in East Florence, Alabama in response to the industrial boom.

"Yellow Fever Epidemic", William Lindsey Mcdonald

Research Articles

Draft of text for the historical marker in Tuscumbia, Alabama honoring those who died of the yellow fever epidemic in the fall of 1878.

The current historical marker for the yellow fever epidemic in Tuscumbia can be viewed on the Historical Marker Database.

"Wesleyan Hall, An Alabama Landmark", William Lindsey Mcdonald

Research Articles

A history of Wesleyan Hall, on the Campus on the University of North Alabama.

Digitized images of Wesleyan Hall are accessible in the University Architecture Collection and William Lindsey McDonald Image Collection. To find the images, simply click on a collection link, and use the search bar, located on the left side, to search for the images.

"Wilson Park", William Lindsey Mcdonald

Research Articles

Article about the creation and naming of Wilson Park, originally called the Town Walk, in Florence, Alabama.