Electrical and Electronics Commons^™

Assessing Cascaded Op-Amp And Pre-Current Amplifier Configurations In Transimpedance Amplifier Interfacing Circuits For Nano-Scale Current-Based Sensor Applications, Mohamed Mamdouh, Sameh O. Abdellatif

Electrical Engineering

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of two proposed configurations for current-to-voltage converters tailored for nano-scale current-based sensor applications, focusing on key performance metrics such as linearity, dynamic range, DC noise immunity, and power losses. The evaluation employed frequency-dependent analyses, including transient response, step response, input impedance, and frequency-dependent noise spectra, to compare a cascaded double output configuration with a pre-current amplifier design. The results indicate a trade-off between dynamic range and linearity, with the pre-current amplifier demonstrating a higher dynamic range but lower linearity compared to the cascaded configuration. Additionally, the current amplifier configuration exhibited advantages in power consumption …

Performance Analysis Of Pem Fuel Cells Via Puma Optimizer With The Aid Of Practical Verifications, Hossamm Ashraf, Sameh O. Abdellatif, Mahmoud M. Elkholy \, Attia A. El-Fergany

Electrical Engineering

This manuscript presents a novel application of the recently developed Puma Optimizer (PO) for identifying the unknown parameters in Mann’s model, which is widely used for characterizing the behavior of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs). The proposed PO-based methodology is rigorously evaluated using three test cases. One test case involves experimental I–V measurements under various operating conditions from a commercial PEMFC stack, the Horizon H-100 (100 W), which was assembled and tested in the laboratory. The other two cases are established benchmark PEMFC systems, the Ballard Mark V 5 kW and BCS 500 W units. Comprehensive statistical analyses over …

Accelerating Gnn Inference On Multi-Core Systems, Binglin Ji

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are becoming increasingly popular, with their applications expanding across diverse domains. As the scale of graph data continues to grow, including larger numbers of nodes, edges, and higher embedding dimensions, standardized libraries such as DGL and PyG have been developed to facilitate GNN computation. However, with the rapid increase in the number of processor cores and the evolution of multi-core architectures, these libraries often show poor scalability and fail to execute GNN inference efficiently on the latest multi-core systems, particularly those with upwards of a hundred cores. To address this limitation, we present FGI, a Fast …

Owl Solar-Powered Link: Duck Radio Mesh For Autonomous Monitoring, Jaden Tran, Shane Williams

Electrical Engineering

The Solar Duck Sensor Node transforms a standard DuckLink into a fully self-sustaining environmental monitor. A compact solar panel / power bank module plugs into the power ports of both the DuckLink and the Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W, keeping them charged through day-night cycles. The Pi Zero 2 W will perform local processing of sensor data. Sensor output will come from the Raspberry Pi AI Camera and its object detection capabilities. This output will be distilled into metadata and advertised over BLE. The DuckLink captures these packets, encapsulates them into LoRa payloads, and forwards them across the ClusterDuck mesh …

Low Energy Ion Irradiation Effects In Electronic Devices And Materials, David C. Mccall

All Dissertations

The physics and engineering of ion-solid interactions are governed by the ion beam characteristics (flux, charge, energy) and target(s) in question. Here I present work on two projects related to the extraction of a high flux of low charge state Argon ions from a commercial plasma source and the irradiation of an engineered target, a transistor, with high charge state Argon ions.

An end-Hall ion source that produces a a high current plasma of ions and electrons in a rough vacuum environment is characterized. Using a Langmuir probe and multiple pressure measurements, the ion and electron content of the source …

Pseudo-Soft-Switching Switched-Capacitor Drive Circuits For Small-Scale Dielectric Actuators, Yanqiao Li

Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations

Applications including micro-robotics and haptics have motivated extensive exploration of dielectric actuators due to their high bandwidth and high efficiency at cm and mm scales. To maximize their benefits, dielectric actuators, including piezoelectric and electrostatic actuators, typically require high driving voltages, ranging from 100V to several kV. Generating such high driving voltages presents a challenge for drive circuits, particularly when powered by a small battery. Dielectric actuators are predominantly capacitive in most circumstances, necessitating the drive circuits to deliver and recover reactive energy for efficient operation. In some applications, such as micro-robotics, the drive circuits may need to have a …

Optimal Distributed Energy Resource Control And Scheduling In A Microgrid Framework, Timothy M. Dodge

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Fall 2023 to Present

As we use more renewable energy, such as solar power, and add new devices, such as electric vehicle chargers and battery storage, to our buildings, the management of electricity becomes more complex. These local energy sources and devices can form small "microgrids" that need careful coordination to work efficiently with the main power grid. The system figures out the best times to use, store or charge different devices (such as batteries and EVs) to avoid costly, high electricity demand spikes and help stabilize the main power grid, especially when asked by the utility company. A major part of this work …

Self-Poled P(Vdf-Trfe) Based Composites For Energy Harvesting And Wearable Sensor Applications, Lavanya Muthusamy

All Dissertations

The growing demand for flexible, low-power, and self-powered wearable electronic systems has accelerated research interest in polymer-based sensors and energy harvesting technologies. Among piezoelectric polymer materials, Poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoro ethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)], over the years, has garnered significant attention due to its unique piezoelectric properties, high dielectric constant, mechanical flexibility, thermal stability, chemical resistance, biocompatibility and compatibility with scalable fabrication processes. Despite its advantages, conventional P(VDF-TrFE)-based devices often require external poling and face limitations in integration with low-cost, flexible substrates. To overcome these limitations, this research study explores the nanofiller approach, along with facile fabrication processes, and structural design strategies aimed at …

Design And Validation Of A High-Frequency Multi-Output Dc-Dc Converter For Radar Power Applications, Tory Sutton

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Modern radar systems and advanced electronics demand compact, efficient, and reliable power solutions capable of delivering multiple tightly regulated voltage rails under strict size, weight, power, and reliability (SWaP-R) constraints. This thesis presents the design, implementation, and validation of a high-frequency (460 kHz – 1 MHz), multi-output DC-DC converter for a mission?critical radar platform, addressing both integration and performance requirements. The first implementation, an isolated modular converter (IMC), utilizes isolated silicon?based DC-DC modules to deliver twelve isolated voltage outputs from a single input. This approach provided robust electrical isolation, simplified system integration, and minimized design risk, making it well-suited for …

Line Outage Impact Factors: A New Approach To Line Outage Detection With Machine Learning, Daniel Flores

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Electric power systems have become one of our most critical infrastructures as we've grown dependent on electricity for everyday tasks. Ensuring power systems provide reliable service is a priority that can be affected by disturbance events. A common event is transmission line outages, where a line in the system becomes disconnected due to varying forms of physical damage. If an outage isn't detected in time, other lines in the system may overload, causing cascading failures that leave many customers without power. Therefore, having a power system that can automatically detect outages is crucial for reliability, as it promotes real-time response …

Low-Level Memory Attacks On Edge Assisted Robotic Applications, William Arnold

Master of Engineering Theses

This thesis investigates how low-level memory faults can undermine edge-assisted robotic systems that rely on memory optimization. As robots are utilized in real world applications, the ability to operate safely and successfully in mission critical deployment becomes important. To help achieve these goals, developers are increasingly starting to place computation nodes at network edges to meet latency and reliability requirements. Edge nodes, however, are resource-constrained and resources conservation techniques such as Kernel Same-page Merging (KSM) are enabled to deduplicate identical pages across processes or virtual machines. This thesis shows that this optimization technique quietly widens the attack surface and can …

Resilient Control Framework For Ev Motor Drive System Subject To Cyber-Physical Security, Ali Arsalan

All Dissertations

The electric drive system (EDS) in electric vehicles (EVs) is one of the key safety-critical components. As IoT-enabled communication infrastructure for modern cyber-physical automotive systems continues to evolve, the importance of securing EDS against cyber threats along with physical faults, has become increasingly prominent. Among physical faults, power switches are particularly vulnerable and exhibit the highest susceptibility to open-circuit faults (OCFs). A compromised EDS, whether due to cyber threats or physical issues, can lead to excessive mechanical vibrations, increased thermal stress, fluctuations in electromagnetic torque, and elevated total harmonic distortion. These factors can substantially undermine traction control stability and jeopardize …

Algorithmic Optimization Of Filter Bank: Harnessing Rapid Convergence And Its Applications, Keerthana B Ms

Theses and Dissertations

A novel optimization framework is proposed for the design of both uniform and non-uniform filter banks, aimed at improving the accuracy and computational efficiency of biomedical signal classification tasks, with a particular emphasis on the detection of sleep disorders and Alzheimer’s disease.The proposed algorithm is grounded in multirate signal processing theory and aims to achieve Near Perfect Reconstruction (NPR) with minimal computational overhead. The process begins with the optimization of a uniform cosine-modulated filter bank (CMFB), achieved through iterative frequency-domain analysis and parameter tuning. This is followed by the derivation of a non-uniform filter bank via selective merging of bandpass …

Algorithmic Optimization Of Filter Bank: Harnessing Rapid Convergence And Its Applications, Keerthana B

Theses and Dissertations

A novel optimization framework is proposed for the design of both uniform and non-uniform filter banks, aimed at improving the accuracy and computational efficiency of biomedical signal classification tasks, with a particular emphasis on the detection of sleep disorders and Alzheimer’s disease. The proposed algorithm is grounded in multirate signal processing theory and aims to achieve Near Perfect Reconstruction (NPR) with minimal computational overhead. The process begins with the optimization of a uniform cosine-modulated filter bank (CMFB), achieved through iterative frequency-domain analysis and parameter tuning.

This is followed by the derivation of a non-uniform filter bank via selective merging of …

Non-Invasive Near-Field Microwave Sensors For Industrial Internet Of Things Applications, Abirami K

Theses and Dissertations

The industrial sector has been revolutionized by Industrial Revolution 4.0 with the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) which integrates the physical environment using smart sensors and Artificial Intelligence (AI) mechanisms. This demands the design of smart sensors and actuators to improve the quality of services in Industrial IoT (IIoT). The sensor design using the microwave resonating principle has attracted the research and industrial community for portable, non-invasive, non-destructive and hygienic means to evaluate the quality of substances in the food and farming industry. The microwave planar sensor has advantages in terms of low footprint, low cost, and ease …

A Smart System For Detecting Anatomic And Histological Symptoms Of Diseased Agricultural Plants, Rustam Baratov, Himola Sunnatillayeva, Alimardon Mamatovich Mustafoqulov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

This study describes a novel agricultural plant disease detecting smart system, capable of handling measured plant body parameters and images received by high resolution camera at the same time. The proposed plant disease detection method is based on evaluation of the signals received by measured and controlled plant body physical parameters like resistance, temperature and capacitance of the plant stem and image processing. An analogue plant model based on an electrical circuit with distributed parameters was developed. In addition, in the article the block diagram of the smart system for the early detection of plant diseases, the circuit diagram, its …

Thermal Energy Storage System Using Silica Sand As Heat Storage Medium: Simulation Of Geita Gold Mine, Santos Kihwele

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Currently, Geita Gold Mine (GGM) relies on electrical energy from the national grid and diesel power generators to generate electricity for various industrial applications. The plant currently spends a large amount of money on generating power from diesel generators. The total annual cost of power generation from diesel generators including lubricants is USD 56,057,990. The total annual fuel cost is USD 53,531,805 for a total of 54,985,473 liters per year. Most of the power generated by the generators is consumed in the industrial thermal processes. Thermal energy applications at the plant are thermal drying of the extracted ores to remove …

The Impacts Of Renewable Energy Sources: A Review On Grid Inertia And Frequency Regulation, Sospeter Gabriel

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

The power system is gradually transitioning into low inertia due to integrating substantial intermittency quantity of converter-based renewable energy sources, such as wind and photovoltaic power, into the current power grid network. This integration presents significant inertia and frequency control challenges to the network as a result of a decrease in the percentage of synchronous generators. Moreover, faster frequency deviations are posed by the mismatch between the supply and demand during contingencies, which creates difficulties in preserving the frequency stability of the power system. This research explores the impacts of renewable energy sources (RESs) on grid inertia and frequency management …

Calibration Of Measurement Tools In The Experimental Test Rig For Hydropower Performance Evaluation, Ombeni J. Mdee

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

The demonstration of a typical hydropower plant requires the development of a test rig with the installation of tools to measure the performance parameters. The measurement tools require a calibration process to improve the quality of recorded data. This study involved the calibration of traditional and automated measurement tools connected to the hydropower test rig through an Arduino microprocessor. The automated measurement tools included a pressure transducer, flow meter, digital tachometer, and torque transducer, while traditional measurement tools, including a pressure gauge, concrete water tank, contact tachometer, and force lever arm balance, were connected in the same test rig during …

Development And Experimental Validation Of A Non-Invasive Blood Group Detection System, Nurath K. Nurudini

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

An individual's blood group consists of red blood cell antigens whose composition is determined by protein presence, antigen structure, and gene series. Persons aged above six months have significant anti-A and/or anti-B in their serum. During transplantation and transfusion, ABO blood group identification is the most essential factor. The conventional method involves drawing blood samples from patients, and the blood group is determined based on the antigen-antibody reaction. This method consists of adding chemical reagents. However, this requires time of operation, and throughput analysis is high, and the process is also challenging to interpret. Accurate and rapid identification of blood …