The Potentials Of Faecal Sludge Treatment Using Local Conditioners In Tanzania: A Review,
2019
Department of Water Supply and Irrigation Engineering, Water Institute, P. O. Box 35059, Dares Salaam
The Potentials Of Faecal Sludge Treatment Using Local Conditioners In Tanzania: A Review, Doglas Benjamin1
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Worldwide, every day human beings generate millions of tons of Faecal Sludge (FS), which is rich in water, nutrients, energy, and organic compounds. Yet FS is not being managed in a way that permits us to derive value from its reuse, while at the same time, millions of farmers struggle with depleted soils and lack of water. In most of the developing countries, energy for cooking is mainly derived from cutting of trees, either as wood or charcoal. Resource recovery and reuse from FS can create livelihoods, enhance food security, support green economies, reduce waste and contribute to cost recovery …
Zif-67-Derived Ag/Co-Embedded N-Enriched Mesoporous Carbon For Oxygen Reduction Reaction,
2019
College of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, PR China;Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Photocatalytic and Electrocatalytic Materials for Environment, Tangshan 063009, PR China;
Zif-67-Derived Ag/Co-Embedded N-Enriched Mesoporous Carbon For Oxygen Reduction Reaction, Zheng-Ling Di, Jing Zhu, Lei Dai, Wei Meng, Yue-Hua Li, Zhang-Xing He, Ling Wang
Journal of Electrochemistry
Nitrogen-doped porous carbon materials are considered as one of the most promising catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Herein, in order to further improve the activity of the nitrogen-doped porous carbon, Ag/Co bimetal is embedded into nitrogendoped porous carbon to form Ag/Co-embedded nitrogen-doped porous carbon material (AgCo@NC). The AgCo@NC was derived by the wet impregnation of Ag+ into ZIF-67 precursor, followed by chemical reduction and a subsequent pyrolysis process under Ar atmosphere at different temperatures (500 ℃, 600 ℃, 700 ℃). The morphologic characterization shows that the Ag/Co nanoparticles were successfully embedded in the mesoporous carbon framework with abundant nitrogen …
Transient Electrochemical Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopic Study In Electrochemical Reduction Of P-Nitrothiophenol,
2019
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Pollution Monitoring and Control, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, Fujian, China;Key laboratory for analytical science of food safety and biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian, China;
Transient Electrochemical Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopic Study In Electrochemical Reduction Of P-Nitrothiophenol, Yun Ling, Jing Tang, Guo-Kun Liu, Cheng Zong
Journal of Electrochemistry
P-nitrothiophenol (PNTP) is one of the most common probe molecules studied by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The research in electrochemical reduction behavior of PNTP will help understanding the mechanism for the nitrobenzene reduction. In this paper, we used transient electrochemical surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TEC-SERS) to study the SERS of PNTP with cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry on gold electrodes. The results show that the TEC-SERS provide a time resolution that equals the transient electrochemical methods, and we concluded that the reaction was so quick that we did not observe the spectral information of intermediate species described in the literatures with a …
Ionic Liquid Assisted Synthesis Of Porous Carbons From Rice Husk For Supercapacitors,
2019
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Key Lab of Coal Clean Conversion and Utilization, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, China;
Ionic Liquid Assisted Synthesis Of Porous Carbons From Rice Husk For Supercapacitors, Han-Fang Zhang, Feng Wei, Jian Sun, Meng-Ying Jing, Xiao-Jun He
Journal of Electrochemistry
It is still a challenge to prepare carbon materials with high specific surface area at low cost from renewable resources. Herein, the authors report an efficient approach to synthesize porous carbons (PCs) from rice husk with ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIMPF6)) as a template and an activation agent. The as-made PCs featured the high specific surface area up to 1438 m2·g-1. As electrodes for supercapacitors, PCs showed a high specific capacitance of 256 F·g-1 at 0.05 A·g-1 in 6 mol·L-1 KOH aqueous electrolyte and a good rate performance of 211 F·g …
Electrochemical Sensor Based On Magnetic Electrode Modified With Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Nanoparticles Immobilized Hemoglobin For Determination Of Hydrogen Peroxide,
2019
School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China;
Electrochemical Sensor Based On Magnetic Electrode Modified With Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Nanoparticles Immobilized Hemoglobin For Determination Of Hydrogen Peroxide, Yang Yuan, Jia-Xin Wang, Yu-Hua Cao
Journal of Electrochemistry
In this work, the surface-imprinted technique was used to prepare magnetic hemoglobin (Hb) imprinted nanoparticles, using Fe3O4@SiO2 NPs as the carrier, Hb as the template molecule, and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as the imprinted polymer monomer. The nanoparticles had a core-shell structure, with magnetic Fe3O4 NPs as the core and Hb imprinted polymers as the shell. Therefore, Hb could be concentrated and fixed on the surface of the magnetic imprinted nanoparticles (MMIPs NPs). Furthermore, MMIPs NPs were immobilized with chitosan (CS) on the surface of a magnetic electrode to constitute Hb enzyme-like biosensor …
Formulation Optimization Effects On Mechanical And Rheological Properties Of Filled Polysiloxanes,
2019
Pittsburg State University
Formulation Optimization Effects On Mechanical And Rheological Properties Of Filled Polysiloxanes, Kevin Mcnay
Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Polysiloxanes are a class of high-performance polymeric materials that are used in a wide variety of applications, including O-rings, gaskets, sealants, coatings, and adhesives. These materials have high temperature resistances as well as flexibility at low temperatures. This is due to the bond between the oxygen and silicon atom, a bond that requires a high dissociation energy to break. However, their elastomers, which can be obtained by crosslinking linear precursors using various crosslinkers, generally exhibit low strength and have poor mechanical properties unless reinforced. Therefore, fillers, additives, UV-stabilizers, and anti-oxidants are often incorporated in order to improve the resulting properties. …
An Investigation Of The Chemistry, Thermodynamics And Catalytic Activity Of Molybdenum Carbides,
2019
University of New Mexico - Main Campus
An Investigation Of The Chemistry, Thermodynamics And Catalytic Activity Of Molybdenum Carbides, Shanti Kiran Nayak
Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs
These studies investigate the chemistry and stability of molybdenum carbides as an electrocatalyst. Due to their unique electronic properties, molybdenum carbides are purposed as electrocatalysts for reaction systems such as hydrogen evolution reaction, bifunctional water splitting and CO oxidation.
In this study, various synthesis processes were utilized to produce different types of molybdenum carbide with varying properties of particle size, surface area and excess carbon. The samples characterized by XRD accompanied by Whole Profile Fitting, Electron Microscopy, Gas Adsorption (surface area) and XPS.
These synthesis processes were refined using fundamental thermodynamic analyses. These analyses highlight regions of stability of different …
A Kinetic And Thermodynamic Model Of Ethylene Dichloride Pyrolysis.,
2019
University of Louisville
A Kinetic And Thermodynamic Model Of Ethylene Dichloride Pyrolysis., Travis J Czechorski
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Ethylene dichloride (EDC) is a precursor for the production of vinyl chloride (VCM) which is subsequently polymerized to form polyvinyl chloride (PVC). To convert EDC to VCM, EDC undergoes a pyrolysis process in the absence of oxygen at temperatures exceeding 500C. However, process yields are limited by the uncontrolled production of side-products that can degrade the quality of PVC and poison the reactor. Thus, tight process controls and costly separations guided by heuristics and plant operator experience are used to optimize EDC pyrolysis. To improve the process, I have programed a kinetic model of EDC pyrolysis based upon estimations of …
Special Issue: Electrocatalysis And Fuel Cells,
2019
State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University;
Special Issue: Electrocatalysis And Fuel Cells, Shuangyin Wang
Journal of Electrochemistry
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A Facile Route To Synthesize Pt-Wo3 Nanosheets With Enhanced Electrochemical Performance For Her,
2019
School of Physics and Electronics, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China;
A Facile Route To Synthesize Pt-Wo3 Nanosheets With Enhanced Electrochemical Performance For Her, Peng-Jie Jiang, Yi Lv, Chang-Miao Chen, Hong-Cheng He, Yong Cai, Ming Zhang
Journal of Electrochemistry
Platinum-tungsten trioxide (Pt-WO3) nanosheets were synthesized on nickel foams (NFs) directly. As great conductive networks, NFs substrates could greatly improve the electrode performance of WO3. The modified platinum nanoparticles not only enhanced the electron transformation of catalysts, but also increased the active sites for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Pt-WO3/NF revealed a better catalytic activity than WO3/NFs with a smaller Tafel slope (80 mV·dec-1) and a lower overpotential of 72 mV at the current density of 10 mA·cm-2. In addition, Pt-WO3/NF showed great durability and stability during …
Three-Dimensional Porous Vn Octahedron Catalyst With High Electrocatalytic Efficiency Toward Hydrogen Evolution Reaction,
2019
State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, The School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China;
Three-Dimensional Porous Vn Octahedron Catalyst With High Electrocatalytic Efficiency Toward Hydrogen Evolution Reaction, Can Yin, Wei-Wei Fu, Ling Fang, Shi-Li You, Hui-Juan Zhang, Yu Wang
Journal of Electrochemistry
With the rapid development of China’s economy, the demand for energy is increasing, and environmental problems are becoming more and more serious. The development and utilization of highly-clean new energy fuel can effectively alleviate the energy crisis and environmental pollution. Nowadays, exploring high-efficiency, environment-friendly and low-cost catalysts remains the focus of research in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In this research, firstly, we proposed a three-dimensional porous vanadium nitride (VN) with octahedral structure, which was prepared by a calcination treatment method. The VN catalyst showed a good electrocatalytic activity toward HER, involving a small overpotential of 94.0 mV at -10 …
Influences Of Morphology And Nitrogen Doping On The Electrocatalytic Characteristics For Oxygen Reduction Reaction Of Nio/Rgo,
2019
Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry Material, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China;
Influences Of Morphology And Nitrogen Doping On The Electrocatalytic Characteristics For Oxygen Reduction Reaction Of Nio/Rgo, Dong Liang, Heng-Yi Fang, Shuo Yao, Jie-Mei Yu, Zhao-Liang Zhang, Zhan-Kun Jiang, Xue-Ping Gao, Tai-Zhong Huang
Journal of Electrochemistry
In this research, the reduced graphene oxide (rGO) supported sheet-like NiO (NiO/rGO) and spherical-like NiO (NiO/N-rGO) catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) were prepared. The structures, morphologies and chemical states of the two catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The electrochemical catalytic performance of the two catalysts for ORR were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), Tafel, linear sweeping voltammetry (LSV), rotating disc electrode (RDE) and rotating ring disc electrode (RRDE) tests. Electrochemical results showed that the current density and onset potential (about 0.89 V) …
Pd Nanoparticles Supported On The Etched Ni Foams As High-Performance Electrocatalysts For Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells,
2019
MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, The Key Lab of Low-carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275, China;
Pd Nanoparticles Supported On The Etched Ni Foams As High-Performance Electrocatalysts For Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells, Chi Zhang, Cheng-Fei Li, Gao-Ren Li
Journal of Electrochemistry
The development of non-Pt anode electrocatalysts with high activity and long-term durability at low cost for fuel cells still remains enormous challenge. Here we report the Pd nanoparticles supported on Ni foams etched by the mixed acids (HNO3+H2SO4+H3PO4+CH3COOH) (Pd/ME-NF) that are designed and fabricated as high-performance electrocatalysts for ethanol oxidation in alkaline media. Because of the advantages of large open space, fast electrolyte penetration/diffusion and rapid electron transfer process, the Pd/ME-NF catalysts exhibited significantly improved electrocatalytic activity and durability compared with the commercial Pd/C catalysts.
Investigation Of Oxygen Reduction Reaction In Carbon-Based Electrocatalysts,
2019
University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Investigation Of Oxygen Reduction Reaction In Carbon-Based Electrocatalysts, Andrew Mason
Honors Program: Senior Projects (Public)
In the modern era, some global challenges are energy storage conversion. To find sustainable solutions to this problem, researchers have turned to renewable energy resources. An example of promising energy generation devices is fuel cell. Fuel cells are electrochemical systems that convert the chemical energy of the fuel to electrochemical potential that can be used as direct current (dc) generators. Although these technologies are very attractive, they are known to be expensive due to high cost of catalysts and concerns regarding their energy densities. Fuel cells composed of two electrodes, namely cathode and anode and electrolyte separating the oxidizing agents …
Synthesis Of Zif-8 For Carbon Dioxide Adsorption,
2019
University of Alabama in Huntsville
Synthesis Of Zif-8 For Carbon Dioxide Adsorption, Fausat Isu, Yu Lei
Von Braun Symposium Student Posters
No abstract provided.
Structure And Reactivity Of Single Site Ti Catalysts For Propylene Epoxidation,
2019
University of Alabama in Huntsville
Structure And Reactivity Of Single Site Ti Catalysts For Propylene Epoxidation, Zheng Lu, Xiaoyang Liu, Bin Zhang, Zhuoran Gan, Siwen Tang, Lu Ma, Tianpin Wu, George J. Nelson, Yong Qin, Heath C. Turner, Yu Lei
PRC-Affiliated Research
Propylene epoxidation using molecular oxygen and hydrogen mixture on Au-based catalysts has attracted attention because of high propylene oxide selectivity and the use of an inexpensive and environmental friendly oxidant. Single-site titanium on metal oxide supports plays an important role in achieving high reactivity and selectivity in propylene epoxidation. Here we used TiO2 atomic layer deposition (ALD) to synthesize single-site titanium imbedded in the SiO2 framework for propylene epoxidation. High temperature calcination was used as post-treatment to control the titania structure and Tisingle bondO coordination number. Using UV–vis spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy, we successfully established that under similar propylene …
Structure And Reactivity Of Single Site Ti Catalysts For Propylene Epoxidation,
2019
University of Alabama in Huntsville
Structure And Reactivity Of Single Site Ti Catalysts For Propylene Epoxidation, Zheng Lu, Xiaoyang Liu, Bin Zhang, Zhuoran Gan, Siwen Tang, Lu Ma, Tianpin Wu, George J. Nelson, Yong Qin, Heath C. Turner, Yu Lei
PRC-Affiliated Research
Propylene epoxidation using molecular oxygen and hydrogen mixture on Au-based catalysts has attracted attention because of high propylene oxide selectivity and the use of an inexpensive and environmental friendly oxidant. Single-site titanium on metal oxide supports plays an important role in achieving high reactivity and selectivity in propylene epoxidation. Here we used TiO2 atomic layer deposition (ALD) to synthesize single-site titanium imbedded in the SiO2 framework for propylene epoxidation. High temperature calcination was used as post-treatment to control the titania structure and Tisingle bondO coordination number. Using UV–vis spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy, we successfully established that under similar propylene …
Structure And Reactivity Of Single Site Ti Catalysts For Propylene Epoxidation,
2019
University of Alabama in Huntsville
Structure And Reactivity Of Single Site Ti Catalysts For Propylene Epoxidation, Zheng Lu, Xiaoyang Liu, Bin Zhang, Zhuoran Gan, Siwen Tang, Lu Ma, Tianpin Wu, George J. Nelson, Yong Qin, Heath C. Turner, Yu Lei
PRC-Affiliated Research
Propylene epoxidation using molecular oxygen and hydrogen mixture on Au-based catalysts has attracted attention because of high propylene oxide selectivity and the use of an inexpensive and environmental friendly oxidant. Single-site titanium on metal oxide supports plays an important role in achieving high reactivity and selectivity in propylene epoxidation. Here we used TiO2 atomic layer deposition (ALD) to synthesize single-site titanium imbedded in the SiO2 framework for propylene epoxidation. High temperature calcination was used as post-treatment to control the titania structure and Tisingle bondO coordination number. Using UV–vis spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy, we successfully established that under similar propylene …
Preface To Special Issue Of Electrochemical Reduction Of Carbon Dioxide,
2019
Huangzhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
Preface To Special Issue Of Electrochemical Reduction Of Carbon Dioxide, Qing Li, Min Liu
Journal of Electrochemistry
No abstract provided.
Statuses, Challenges And Strategies In The Development Of Low-Temperature Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction Technology,
2019
Institute for Sustainable Energy/College of Sciences, Shanghai University,99 Shangda Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai, 200444, China
Statuses, Challenges And Strategies In The Development Of Low-Temperature Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction Technology, Xu-Rui Zhang, Xiao-Lin Shao, Jin Yi, Yu-Yu Liu, Jiu-Jun Zhang
Journal of Electrochemistry
Low-temperature carbon dioxide (CO2) electrochemical reduction technology is a hotspot for research and development in recent years as a way to reduce the negative impact of CO2 on the environment and to generate energy storage through converting electricity to low-carbon fuels. Although basic research on catalyst activity, product selectivity, and reaction mechanism has been widely reported, the design and practicality of catalytic stability and corresponding electrochemical reactor systems have not been given sufficient attention and systematic development. In this paper, two important factors affecting the development of CO2 electrochemical reduction technology in low temperature aqueous solution …
