Design And Fabrication Of Nanostructured Electrodes For Complementary Electrochemical And Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting,
2022
The American University in Cairo AUC
Design And Fabrication Of Nanostructured Electrodes For Complementary Electrochemical And Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting, Kholoud El Sayed Abousalem
Theses and Dissertations
Designing highly active, durable, and nonprecious electrodes for overall water splitting is of urgent scientific importance to realize sustainable hydrogen production. Accordingly, the need to search efficient energy production systems is of crucial necessity. In this thesis, two various systems for sustainable hydrogen production have been reported using electrochemical and photoelectrochemical pathways. In the first part of the thesis, electrochemical water splitting involving both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) has been established. To this end, an innovative approach is demonstrated to synthesize flower-like 3D homogenous trimetallic Mn, Ni, Co phosphide catalysts directly on nickel foam via …
Investigating The Variation In The Optical Properties Of Tio2 Thin-Film Utilized In Bifacial Solar Cells Using Machine Learning Algorithm, Ziad Khalifa, Sameh Abdellatif, Ahmed Fathi, Kareem Abdullah, Minatallah Hassan
Chemical Engineering
Among various solar cell architectures, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and perovskite solar cells have demonstrated the capability of being bifacial as both can be fabricated on conducting glass electrodes. In both cells, TiO2 plays a key role in the optoelectronic properties of the cell. Various studies have reported a range of recipes and deposition techniques for TiO2 thin films. Such variety introduces some uncertainties into the optical properties of the prepared films as well as in the process repeatability. Here, we utilized machine learning methods to correlate the film porosity to the film refractive index, making it capable of studying …
Progress Of Pt-Based Catalysts In Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: A Review,
2022
1. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China; 2. Kunming Institute of Precious Metals, Kunming 650106, Yunnan, China;
Progress Of Pt-Based Catalysts In Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: A Review, Long Huang, Hai-Chao Xu, Bi Jing, Qiu-Xia Li, Wei Yi, Shi-Gang Sun
Journal of Electrochemistry
Fuel cells are energy conversion devices that convert chemical energy directly into electricity. It has the advantages of high energy density, high utilization efficiency of fuel, clean and noiseless during working. Among all kinds of fuel cells, proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are most popular since PEMFCs function at near ambient temperature, while their power densities are higher than those of other fuel cells. Currently, Pt-based nanomaterials are still the unreplaceable catalysts in commercialized PEMFCs. The lack of low-cost and high-performance cathode catalysts is still one of key factors that hampers the commercialization of PEMFCs. In this review, the …
Advances Of Phosphide Promoter Assisted Pt Based Catalyst For Electrooxidation Of Methanol,
2022
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, Jiangsu, China;
Advances Of Phosphide Promoter Assisted Pt Based Catalyst For Electrooxidation Of Methanol, Meng Li, Li-Gang Feng
Journal of Electrochemistry
Transition metal phosphide (TMP), as an ideal catalytic promoter in methanol fuel oxidation, has received increased attention because of its multifunctional active sites, tunable structure and composition, as well as unique physical and chemical properties and efficient multi-composition synergistic effect. Some advances have been made for this catalyst system recently. In the current review, the research progresses of transition metal phosphides (TMPs) in the assisted electrooxidation of methanol including the catalysts fabrication and their performance evaluation for methanol oxidation are reviewed. The promotion effect of TMPs has been firstly presented and the catalyst systems based on the different metal centers …
A High-Performance Continuous-Flow Mea Reactor For Electroreduction Co2 To Formate,
2022
1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China;
A High-Performance Continuous-Flow Mea Reactor For Electroreduction Co2 To Formate, Pei-Xuan Liu, Lu-Wei Peng, Rui-Nan He, Lu-Lu Li, Jin-Li Qiao
Journal of Electrochemistry
The electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) is a promising approach to produce liquid fuels and industrial chemicals by utilizing intermittent renewable electricity for mitigating environmental problems. However, the traditional H-type reactor seriously limits the electrochemical performance of CO2RR due to the low CO2 solubility in electrolyte, and high ohmic resistance caused by the large distance between two electrodes, which is unbeneficial for industrial application. Herein, we demonstrated a high-performance continuous flow membranes electrode assembly (MEA) reactor based on a self-growing Cu/Sn bimetallic electrocatalyst in 0.5 mol·L-1 KHCO3 for converting CO2 to …
Oxidative Efficiency Of Ozonation Coupled With Electrolysis For Treatment Of Acid Wastewater,
2022
1. College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China;
Oxidative Efficiency Of Ozonation Coupled With Electrolysis For Treatment Of Acid Wastewater, Ze-You Hu, Feng-Yun Xiang, Ji-Qiang Mao, Ya-Lei Ding, Shao-Ping Tong
Journal of Electrochemistry
Establishment of an ozone-based advanced oxidation process (AOPs-O3) for effective treatment of acid wastewater is an important and difficult task. The process of ozonation coupled with electrolysis (electrolysis-ozonation, E-O3) has been reported to effectively degrade pollutants in neutral solution. We studied the efficiency of E-O3 for degradation of acetic acid (HAc, an ozone inert chemical) in acid solution and found that E-O3 had high oxidative efficiency at pH less than 3. For example, 52.2% of 100 mg·L-1 HAc could be removed by E-O3 in 120 min at pH 1.0, but only 2.2% …
Synthesis Of Lithium-Rich Manganese-Based Layered Cathode Materials And Study On Its Structural Evolution Of First Cycle Overcharge,
2022
State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China;
Synthesis Of Lithium-Rich Manganese-Based Layered Cathode Materials And Study On Its Structural Evolution Of First Cycle Overcharge, Chen-Xu Luo, Chen-Guang Shi, Zhi-Yuan Yu, Ling Huang, Shi-Gang Sun
Journal of Electrochemistry
Lithium-rich manganese-based cathode materials have become one of promising cathode materials due to their low cost and large discharge specific capacity exceeding 250 mAh·g-1. However, their problems such as low coulombic efficiency of first cycle and apparent voltage decay influence commercialization process. The high charging voltage will cause instability of structure and increase the hidden danger of the battery. Therefore, structural evolution of first cycle at higher voltage needs to be further studied. In this work, the precursor was synthesized by the co-precipitation method, and the lithium-rich manganese-based layered cathode materials were prepared by lithium-mixed and high-temperature sintering, …
Castor Oil Conversion To Biodiesel: A Process Simulation Study,
2022
The British University in Egypt
Castor Oil Conversion To Biodiesel: A Process Simulation Study, Islam M. Al-Akraa
Chemical Engineering
No abstract provided.
Hybrid Hydro-Pyrometallurgical Process For Zn Recovery From Electric Arc Furnace Dust,
2022
The British University in Egypt
Hybrid Hydro-Pyrometallurgical Process For Zn Recovery From Electric Arc Furnace Dust, Rana Adel Bayoumi, Nabil Mahmoud Abdelmenem, Moustafa Aly Soliman, Ibrahim Mohamed Ismail, Ahmed Ahmed Refaat
Chemical Engineering
Electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) which is considered hazardous waste, contains significant amounts of Zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and some dangerous elements. Zn exists in the dust as Zinc Oxide (ZnO) and Zinc Ferrite (ZnFe2O3) which is difficult to be leached with traditional methods. The main objective of the suggested process is to recover Zn from EAFD by using a hybrid pyro/hydrometallurgical method. This method includes mixing cement dust and EAFD and heating the mixture in a pyrometallurgical treatment step to convert ZnFe2O3 to ZnO. This step is followed by leaching the treated dust with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution using …
Effect Of Palladium Loading On Catalytic Properties Of Pd/Gce For The Electro-Oxidation Of Methanol, Formic Acid, And Ethylene Glycol,
2022
The British University in Egypt
Effect Of Palladium Loading On Catalytic Properties Of Pd/Gce For The Electro-Oxidation Of Methanol, Formic Acid, And Ethylene Glycol, Islam M. Al-Akraa
Chemical Engineering
No abstract provided.
Lignin Valorization Via Reductive Depolymerization Using Promoted Nickel Catalysts And Sub- And Supercritical Methanol,
2022
University of Kentucky
Lignin Valorization Via Reductive Depolymerization Using Promoted Nickel Catalysts And Sub- And Supercritical Methanol, Julia Parker
Theses and Dissertations--Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering
While lignin has been regarded as the most promising renewable feedstock for the sustainable manufacture of aromatic compounds, lignin valorization is necessary to improve the economic viability of biorefineries. Reductive catalytic fractionation (RCF), which combines delignification and lignin depolymerization into a single stage while maintaining the structure and integrity of the cellulose component, has evolved as an effective method for processing biomass. The ability of Cu and Fe to promote the performance of a 20% Ni/alumina catalyst when converting native lignin to alkylphenols by RCF in sub- and supercritical methanol was tested. The effectiveness of lignin extraction as measured by …
Thermochemical Water-Splitting Using Novel High-Entropy Perovskite Oxides,
2022
West Virginia University
Thermochemical Water-Splitting Using Novel High-Entropy Perovskite Oxides, Hector Alexis De Santiago Hernandez
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
In this project, we designed, synthesized, and tested the transformative (La0.8Sr0.2)(Mn[1-x]/3Fe[1-x]/3CoxAl[1-x]/3)O3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) high-entropy perovskite oxides (HEPOs) as redox active oxygen carriers for thermochemical hydrogen production with improved stability, kinetics, and H2 yield. The developed HEPOs form an R3c (hexagonal) phase and were successfully synthesized using both the Pechini and solid-state reactions with the latter synthesis being the primary source for testing. These innovative perovskites demonstrated an improved kinetics with oxygen surface exchange coefficient, k, greater than 7.5 x 10-4 cm/s, …
Scale-Up Of Flow-Electrode Capacitive Deionization Method For Hard Water Softening,
2022
The University of Akron
Scale-Up Of Flow-Electrode Capacitive Deionization Method For Hard Water Softening, Noah Henry
Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects
This study’s purpose is to further document a capacitive deionization design that could be capable of purifying H2O at a household scale where clean water is otherwise unobtainable in applicable regions of the world. The hypothesis behind this study was continuously larger scaled electrochemical cell-units would increase their water softening capabilities in sustainable fashion. The trend at which performance will scale is currently unknown. The units studied were constructed using graphite plates, anion exchange membranes, cation exchange membranes, and Teflon channels. Three streams, two being CaCl2 solutions in DI H2O (one being concentrated with CaCl …
Towards A Circular Economy: Liquid-Fed Fast Pyrolysis Of Waste Polyolefin Plastics,
2022
Michigan Technological University
Towards A Circular Economy: Liquid-Fed Fast Pyrolysis Of Waste Polyolefin Plastics, Daniel G. Kulas
Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports
Plastic usage has quickly grown in recent years as plastics have become an essential part of everyday life. Unfortunately, recycling rates have not matched the increased growth, with the majority of waste plastic landfilled. The strategy of circular economy has been proposed to reuse the waste plastic to create new polymers, thus avoiding both landfilling and the use of virgin raw materials. Achieving a circular economy for plastics requires the development of new technologies capable of recycling plastic waste under a circular economy perspective. In this dissertation, a novel liquid-fed fast pyrolysis process is introduced towards achieving a circular economy. …
A Novel Pulsed-Plasma Catalytic Reactor For Dry Reforming Of Methane,
2022
Michigan Technological University
A Novel Pulsed-Plasma Catalytic Reactor For Dry Reforming Of Methane, Benjamin F. Caithamer
Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports
Concerns over greenhouse gases have led to an increased interest in the Dry Reforming of Methane (DRM) which produces hydrogen and carbon monoxide from the reaction of two greenhouse gases (CO2 and CH4) over a catalyst. Currently, DRM is primarily a catalytic process which operates at temperatures between 700°C - 900°C, and 10 to 20 bar using a 1–1.5 ratio of CH4/CO2. Unfortunately, these conditions also promote the water-gas shift reaction, which produces additional CO2. Catalyst coking and sintering can also be significant problems at these harsh conditions. We have developed …
Biodiesel Production From Castor Oil: Mixing Optimization During Transestrification,
2022
The British University in Egypt
Biodiesel Production From Castor Oil: Mixing Optimization During Transestrification, Islam M. Al-Akraa
Chemical Engineering
No abstract provided.
A Competent Mwcnt-Grafted Mnox/Pt Nanoanode For The Direct Formic Acid Fuel Cells,
2022
The British University in Egypt
A Competent Mwcnt-Grafted Mnox/Pt Nanoanode For The Direct Formic Acid Fuel Cells, Islam M. Al-Akraa, Ahmad M. Mohammad, Moutaz Mamdouh, Yasser M. Asal
Chemical Engineering
No abstract provided.
Investigations Of The Therman Treatment Of Sodium Thiosulfate In Gas Streams For The Removal Of I2,
2022
CUNY City College
Investigations Of The Therman Treatment Of Sodium Thiosulfate In Gas Streams For The Removal Of I2, Anjeza Arapi
Dissertations and Theses
The aim of this work was to study the performance of sodium thiosulfate in several systems. Sodium thiosulfate decomposition and SO2 conversion were analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis combined with chromatographic techniques. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) measurements determined the decomposition of the acidification reaction of 30% sodium thiosulfate solution in a 14% carbon dioxide (CO2) atmosphere and 1% hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution in the temperature regime of 300 - 750 K. Sodium thiosulfate and sulfur dioxide (SO2) are considered effective methods for removing iodine (I2) from air and flue-gas streams respectively. In acid containing gas-streams where the SO2 content is determined by …
Ethane Dehydrogenation For Light Olefins Production Over Stable Catalyst,
2022
West Virginia University
Ethane Dehydrogenation For Light Olefins Production Over Stable Catalyst, Xiaoyan Wang
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Accompanied by the development of modern industry, the demand for light olefins (e.g., ethylene, propylene, butene, butadiene) increases year by year. Light olefins are important intermediates in producing polymers (Polyethylene, Polypropylene, etc.) and rubber (Styrene Butadiene Rubber, Polybutadiene rubber, etc.). The primary process for the production of light olefins is steam cracking of petroleum liquids (naphtha and distillate fuel oil). It is an energy-intensive process, requiring high temperature (750-850℃) and pressure (1.0-4.5 MPa). Meanwhile, due to undesired side reactions, this process has lowered the efficiency of light olefins production and suffers from severe coking issues. Furthermore, as petroleum liquids become …
Photocatalytic Degradation Of Lignin By Supported Silver Nanoparticles,
2022
University of Kentucky
Photocatalytic Degradation Of Lignin By Supported Silver Nanoparticles, Ning Wei
Theses and Dissertations--Chemical and Materials Engineering
Lignin is the second most abundant form of biomass on earth. The phenolic structure and high carbon to oxygen ratio make lignin an attractive renewable source of fuel and chemicals. However, its recalcitrance and heterogeneous nature prove difficult for decomposing lignin’s polymer structure and separation of the products. This work has focused on the use of low-energy catalytic approaches to overcome these barriers. A mimic of the lignin degrading enzyme laccase, consisting of a copper cluster Cu4Py4I4 modified with AgNO3, was developed to function similarly to the laccase active site. The prepared copper complex solution was found to be active …
