Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Commons^™

Increasing Label-Free Stem Cell Sorting Capacity To Reach Transplantation-Scale Throughput, Melinda Simon, Ying Li, Janahan Arulmoli, Lisa Mcdonnell, Adnan Akil, Jamison Nourse, Abraham Lee, Lisa Flanagan

Faculty Publications

Dielectrophoresis (DEP) has proven an invaluable tool for the enrichment of populations of stem and progenitor cells owing to its ability to sort cells in a label-free manner and its biological safety. However, DEP separation devices have suffered from a low throughput preventing researchers from undertaking studies requiring large numbers of cells, such as needed for cell transplantation. We developed a microfluidic device designed for the enrichment of stem and progenitor cell populations that sorts cells at a rate of 150,000 cells/h, corresponding to an improvement in the throughput achieved with our previous device designs by over an order of …

Effect Of Plasticizer On Oxygen Permeability Of Cast Polylactic Acid (Pla) Films Determined Using Dynamic Accumulation Method, Kurniawan Yuniarto, Bruce A. Welt, Aris Purwanto, Hadi Karia Purwadaria, Ayman Abdellatief, Titi C. Sunarti, Setyo Purwanto

Journal of Applied Packaging Research

Polylactic acid (PLA) is becoming an increasingly important biopolymer for packaging applications. PLA brittleness limits its applicability. This study evaluated PLA properties with increasing amounts of added polyethylene glycol (PEG) plasticizer. Oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of cast films was determined using the newly available Dynamic Accumulation (DA) method. Arrhenius temperature sensitivity of OTR and polymer Permeability was also determined. Permeability of neat PLA is 4.848 ml mm (STP)/m² s kPa; hence, 4.84 ml mm (STP)/m² s kPa, 4.07 ml mm (STP)/m² s kPa and 5.42 ml mm (STP)/m² s kPa by adding PEG 1 %, 5% …

Reference Point Indentation Is Not Indicative Of Whole Mouse Bone Measures Of Stress Intensity Fracture Toughness, Alessandra Carriero, Jan L. Bruse, Karla J. Oldknow, José Luis Millán, Colin Farquharson, Sandra J. Shefelbine

Biomedical Engineering and Sciences Faculty Publications

Bone fragility is a concern for aged and diseased bone. Measuring bone toughness and understanding fracture properties of the bone are critical for predicting fracture risk associated with age and disease and for preclinical testing of therapies. A reference point indentation technique (BioDent) has recently been developed to determine bone's resistance to fracture in a minimally invasive way by measuring the indentation distance increase (IDI) between the first and last indentations over cyclic indentations in the same position. In this study, we investigate the relationship between fracture toughness KC and reference point indentation parameters (i.e. IDI, total indentation distance (TID) …

A Novel 2.5d Culture Platform To Investigate The Role Of Stiffness Gradients On Adhesion-Independent Cell Migration, Mark-Phillip Pebworth, Sabrina A. Cismas, Prashanth Asuri

Bioengineering

Current studies investigating the role of biophysical cues on cell migration focus on the use of culture platforms with static material parameters. However, migrating cells in vivo often encounter spatial variations in extracellular matrix stiffness. To better understand the effects of stiffness gradients on cell migration, we developed a 2.5D cell culture platform where cells are sandwiched between stiff tissue culture plastic and soft alginate hydrogel. Under these conditions, we observed migration of cells from the underlying stiff substrate into the alginate matrix. Observation of migration into alginate in the presence of integrin inhibition as well as qualitative microscopic analyses …

Wear Resistant And Biocompatible Coatings For Medical Devices And Method Of Fabrication, Mary Gilliam, Susan Farhat, Ali Zand

Chemical Engineering Patents

Abstract: A method of forming a biocompatible or biologically inert article for use in an application in which the article will make contact with at least one tissue, organ, or fluid within a human or animal body is provided. The method generally comprises providing an article having an external sur face; selecting chemical precursors; using a means to direct one or more chemical precursors towards or to apply such chemical precursors to the ex ternal surface; activating the chemical precursors by exposing said precursors to atmospheric pressure plasma; and grafting and/or cross-linking the chem ical precursors to form a solid …

Hepatic Carboxylesterase 1 Is Induced By Glucose And Regulates Postprandial Glucose Levels, Jiesi Xu, Liya Yin, Yang Xu, Yuanyuan Li, Munaf Zalzala, Gang Cheng, Yanqiao Zhang

Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering Faculty Research

Metabolic syndrome, characterized by obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and hypertension, increases the risks for cardiovascular disease, diabetes and stroke. Carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) is an enzyme that hydrolyzes triglycerides and cholesterol esters, and is important for lipid metabolism. Our previous data show that over-expression of mouse hepatic CES1 lowers plasma glucose levels and improves insulin sensitivity in diabetic ob/ob mice. In the present study, we determined the physiological role of hepatic CES1 in glucose homeostasis. Hepatic CES1 expression was reduced by fasting but increased in diabetic mice. Treatment of mice with glucose induced hepatic CES1 expression. Consistent with the in vivo study, …

Lower-Extremity Joint Kinematics And Muscle Activations During Semi-Reclined Cycling At Different Workloads In Healthy Individuals, Kamyar Momeni, Pouran D. Faghri, Martinus Evans

Open Access Author Fund Awardees' Articles

Background

A better understanding of lower-extremity muscles’ activation patterns and joint kinematics during different workloads could help rehabilitation professionals with prescribing more effective exercise regimen for elderly and those with compromised muscles. We examined the relative contribution, as well as activation and co-activation patterns, of lower-extremity muscles during semi-reclined cycling at different workloads during a constant cadence.

Methods

Fifteen healthy novice cyclists participated at three 90-second cycling trials with randomly assigned workloads of 0, 50, and 100 W, at a constant cadence of 60 rpm. During all trials, electromyograms were recorded from four lower-extremity muscles: rectus femoris (RF), biceps femoris …

Department Of Biological Systems Engineering Newsletter, Fall 2014

BSE Department Magazine

No abstract provided.

Algorithm-Circuit Co-Design For Detecting Symptomatic Patterns In Biological Signals, Himanshu Markandeya

Open Access Dissertations

The advancement in scaled Silicon technology has accelerated the development of a wide range of applications in various fields including medical technology. It has immensely contributed to finding solutions for monitoring general health as well as alleviating intractable disorders in the form of implantable and wearable systems. This necessitates the development of energy efficient and functionally efficacious systems. This thesis has explored the algorithm-circuit co-design approach for developing an energy efficient epileptic seizure detection processor which could be used for implantable epilepsy prosthesis. Novel wavelet transform based algorithms are proposed for accurate detection of epileptic seizures. Energy efficient techniques at …

Characterization Of Bone Material Properties And Microstructure In Osteogenesis Imperfecta/Brittle Bone Disease, John Robert Jameson

Dissertations (1934 -)

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disorder primarily associated with mutations to type I collagen and resulting in mild to severe bone fragility. To date, there is very little data quantifying OI cortical bone mechanics. The purpose of this dissertation was to investigate bone microstructure, mineralization, and mechanical properties in adolescents with OI. Characterization studies were performed on small osteotomy specimens obtained from the extremities during routine corrective surgeries. Nanoindentation was used to examine the longitudinal elastic modulus and hardness at the material level for mild OI type I vs. severe OI type III. Both modulus and hardness were significantly …

Nanotechnology And Additive Manufacturing Platforms For Clinical Medicine: An Investigation Of 3d Printing Bioactive Constructs And Halloysite Nanotubes For Drug Delivery And Biomaterials, Jeffery A. Weisman

Doctoral Dissertations

Personalized medicine requires the development of new technologies for controlled or targeted drug delivery. Three-dimensional (3D) printing and additive manufacturing techniques can be used to generate customized constructs for bioactive compound delivery. Nanotechnology in the form of nanoparticles, used as a stand-alone construct or for material enhancements, can significantly improve established biomaterials such as PMMA based bone cements or enable new technology to have enhanced capabilities. Combinations of the technologies can be used in such applications as infectious disease treatments, chemotherapeutic targeted drug delivery or targeted delivery of nearly any bioactive compound.

Chemotherapeutic or antibiotic enhanced 3D printing filaments were …

Wear Characteristics Of Wright State University Total Ankle Replacement Under Shear And Torsion Loads, Tarun Goswami, Dinesh Gundapaneni

Biomedical, Industrial & Human Factors Engineering Faculty Publications

Introduction: Total ankle replacement (TAR) involves replacement of the damaged bone with prosthetic components and is usually performed in patients suffering with arthritis to relieve pain and maintain motion. There are several different factors that contribute to failure of TARs but aseptic loosening is the primary method of failure in total ankle replacements. Because of its superior mechanical properties UHMWPE is used as a liner material in TARs. Wear generated from the liner due to high contact stresses during gait causes osteolysis resulting in early loosening of the prostheses.

Most of the earlier studies have focused on wear due to …

Development And Degradation Behavior Of Magnesium Scaffolds Coated With Polycaprolactone For Bone Tissue Engineering, Mostafa Yazdimamaghani, Mehdi Razavi, Daryoosh Vashaee, Lobat Tayebi

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Rapid degradation of magnesium (Mg) alloys is the major drawback preventing these materials from being applicable as tissue engineering scaffolds. In order to resolve this issue, in this paper, porous Mg scaffolds coated by polycaprolactone (PCL) were synthesized and their material properties and in vitro biodegradation were fully examined. The results indicated that PCL coating can significantly enhance the compressive strength and degradation resistance of Mg scaffolds. We showed that while the uncoated Mg scaffold degrades completely (100% weight loss) after 72 h, the degradation (weight loss) of the Mg scaffolds coated by 3% and 6% PCL is only 36% …

Data Completion Methods For Improved Developmental Stage Annotation Of Drosophila Embryos In Images, Chitsanu Janyalikit

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Drosophila melanogaster is a dominant model organism for studying the function of animal genes in initial stages of embryogenesis. Usually, images containing Drosophila gene expression patterns are captured at different developmental stages to study the interconnection of animal genes. To achieve most biologically meaningful results, gene expression images from a similar stage should be compared. Currently, biologists manually classify embryos in images into different stages, which is time intensive and infeasible for current massively produced gene expression images. Therefore, there is a need to develop an automatic system for the annotation.

Gene expression information in embryo images usually appears as …

Effect Of Anthropometric Adjustments On Bmd And Bmc Z-Scores In A Population Of Prader-Willi Syndrome Pediatric Patients, Amanda E. Marker, David F. Short, Talia Eldar-Geva, Harry J. Hirsch, Varda Gross-Tsur, Maayan Tiomkin, Ari Zimran, Thomas N. Hangartner

Biomedical, Industrial & Human Factors Engineering Faculty Publications

Two adjustment models were applied to a dataset of bone-mineral density (BMD) and bone-mineral content (BMC) from dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurements of pediatric patients with Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS). One model used weight, height and % body fat (WHF) in the calculation of Z-scores in addition to race, sex and age already included in the standard model. As percent body fat is not always available, a second model with only weight and height was also examined (WH).

A NTh-Order Linear Algorithm For Extracting Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy Blood Flow Indices In Heterogeneous Tissues, Yu Shang, Guoqiang Yu

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications

Conventional semi-infinite analytical solutions of correlation diffusion equation may lead to errors when calculating blood flow index (BFI) from diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) measurements in tissues with irregular geometries. Very recently, we created an algorithm integrating a Nth-order linear model of autocorrelation function with the Monte Carlo simulation of photon migrations in homogenous tissues with arbitrary geometries for extraction of BFI (i.e., αD_B ). The purpose of this study is to extend the capability of the Nth-order linear algorithm for extracting BFI in heterogeneous tissues with arbitrary geometries. The previous linear algorithm was modified to extract BFIs …

Applications Of Novel Mri Technologies In Tissue Engineering And Disease Diagnosis, Vahid Khalilzad-Sharghi

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) are increasingly under investigation to explore their potential role in establishing effective evaluation methods for the procedure of tissue regeneration carried out in vitro, in vivo, and in disease diagnosis. To this end, there is a continuous pursuit of novel tools both in vitro and in vivo. For instance, there is a great need for the development and evaluation of an MR-compatible incubation system that enables simultaneous monitoring and culturing of cell and tissue constructs using MRI techniques. Such an imagingcompatible incubation system eliminates exposing the culture to the risks of …

Kinematic Analysis Of The Glenohumeral Joint: A Comparison Of Post-Operative Rotator Cuff Repair Patients And Controls, Ryan Richard Inawat

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Rotator cuff (RC) repair is a standard surgical intervention used to alleviate pain and loss of function in the shoulder due to torn RC tendons, involving re-attachment of the tendon to the humerus. Quantitative evaluation of kinematics following RC repair is possible with video motion analysis techniques, yet is rarely performed. With the purpose of quantifying the effects of RC repair, a Vicon 524 (Oxford, UK) motion analysis system was used to investigate three-dimensional (3D) kinematics of the glenohumeral (GH) joint and thorax following supraspinatus repair. A validated, 18 marker, inverse dynamics model based on ISB standards was applied to …

Effects Of Hip And Ankle Moments On Running Stability: Simulation Of A Simplified Model, Rubin C. Cholera

Open Access Theses

In human running, the ankle, knee, and hip moments are known to play different roles to influence the dynamics of locomotion. A recent study of hip moments and several hip-based legged robots have revealed that hip actuation can significantly improve the stability of locomotion, whether controlled or uncontrolled. Ankle moments are expected to also significantly affect running stability, but in a different way than hip moments. Here we seek to advance the current theory of dynamic running and associated legged robots by determining how simple open-loop ankle moments could affect running stability. We simulate a dynamical model, and compare it …

Principle Of Bio-Inspired Insect Wing Rotational Hinge Design, Fan Fei

Open Access Theses

A principle for designing and fabricating bio-inspired miniature artificial insect flapping wing using flexure rotational hinge design is presented. A systematic approach of selecting rotational hinge stiffness value is proposed. Based on the understanding of flapping wing aerodynamics, a dynamic simulation is constructed using the established quasi-steady model and the wing design. Simulations were performed to gain insight on how different parameters affect the wing rotational response. Based on system resonance a model to predict the optimal rotational hinge stiffness based on given wing parameter and flapping wing kinematic is proposed. By varying different wing parameters, the proposed method is …