Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Commons^™

Predicting The Progression Of Diabetes Mellitus Using Dynamic Plantar Pressure Parameters, Mathew Sunil Varre

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Introduction: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is one of the common complications of type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Changes in the intrinsic plantar tissue coupled with repetitive mechanical loads and loss of sensation may lead to foot related complications (skin break down, ulcerations, and amputations) in persons with neuropathy if left untreated. The purpose of this dissertation was to stratify individuals with pre-diabetes, diabetes with and without neuropathy using dynamic plantar pressure parameters during walking, using machine learning algorithms.Methods: Plantar pressure data was collected from one hundred participants during walking with pressure measuring insoles fixed between the feet and thin socks. Simultaneously high-definition …

5-Axis Milling For Micro-Machining Of Implantable Flow Sensor, Devin Kot-Thompson

Honors Scholar Theses

5 axis milling is a manufacturing process utilizing CNC technology. It has been widely supported as an effective tool for micro machining throughout multiple industries. In medical manufacturing specifically, there is a large demand for high accuracy at the microscale level as the geometries of medical devices are often highly complex. 5-axis milling offers the means to develop such complex features including curved faces and steep walls. This thesis covers the conversion of a generic 3-axis milling machine into a 5-axis machine. Through testing, the modified device effectively demonstrated its ability to run 5-axis tool paths required for complex designs. …

Basketball Shooting Performance Is Maximized By Individual-Specific Optimal Release Strategies, Nathan Slegers

Faculty Publications - Biomedical, Mechanical, and Civil Engineering

This study investigated the relationship between optimal basketball release angles and individual release distributions and whether individuals seek their optimal or minimum velocity release strategy. Sixteen male basketball players (height 183 ± 9 cm, age 22.6 ± 7 years) were recorded shooting 75 three-point shots. Ball release angle and velocity estimates were used in a nonparametric kernel density estimator (KDE) to identify individual-specific release distributions and optimal release angles. Optimal releases varied among individuals and were 4.3 ± 2.1° higher than minimum velocity releases. Mean release angles were 3.9° higher than the minimum velocity angle (p < 0.001) and only 0.4° below the optimal (p = 0.5). …

Evaluating The Use Of Nintendo Labo As A Rehabilitation Tool, Jacob Colwell, Logan Suiter, Amanda Wells

ONU Student Research Colloquium

Serious gaming is the practice of using video games, either commercial or specifically designed, for physical rehabilitation. Serious games have emerged in the last decade as a way to increase patient involvement in rehabilitation, increase the likelihood of patients continuing treatment after progress stalls, and generally increase mental health during treatment. However, the current literature has not kept pace with the evolution of technology and therefore the use of next-generation consoles for serious gaming is underdeveloped.

The Nintendo Switch could provide new avenues for serious gaming because of the advanced sensing ability of its controllers (Joy-Cons) and the engaging ways …

Nanoparticulate Carriers For Drug Delivery, Samantha Lokelani Crossen, Tarun Goswami

Biomedical, Industrial & Human Factors Engineering Faculty Publications

Drug delivery with nanoparticulate carriers is a new and upcoming research area that is making major changes within the pharmaceutical industry. Nanoparticulate carriers are discussed, particularly, engineered nanoparticulate carriers used as drug delivery systems for targeted delivery. Nanoparticulate carriers that are used for drug delivery systems include polymers, micelles, dendrimers, liposomes, ceramics, metals, and various forms of biological materials. The properties of these nanoparticulate carriers are very advantageous for targeted drug delivery and result in efficient drug accumulation at the targeted area of interest, reduced drug toxicity, reduced systemic side effects, and more efficient use of the drug overall. Nanoparticlulate …

Bio-Ionic Liquid Functionalized Hydrogels Towards Smart Tissue Regeneration, Vaishali Krishnadoss

Theses and Dissertations

A blend of scaffolds, biologically active molecules, and cells are required to assemble functional constructs to repair and regenerate damaged tissue or organ via tissue engineering. The scaffold supports cell growth and proliferation and acts as a medium for diverse cellular activities. Even though hydrogel's high-water content and flexible nature make it a pronounced applicant as a scaffold, they exhibit significant technical limitations such as the absence of cell-binding motifs, lack of oxygen, conductivity, adhesive properties, growth of cells in a 3-dimensional (3D) microenvironment. In this thesis, a novel material platform is evaluated and studied to address the concerns mentioned …

Europium-Doped Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles For Microglial Aβ Clearance And Homeostasis, Jatin Machhi, Pravin Yeapuri, Milica Markovic, Milankumar Patel, Wenhui Yan, Yaman Lu, Jacob D. Cohen, Mahmudul Hasan, Mai Mohamed Abdelmoaty, You Zhou, Huangui Xiong, Xinglong Wang, R. Lee Mosley, Howard E. Gendelman, Bhavesh D. Kevadiya

Nebraska Center for Biotechnology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder. Pathologically, it is characterized by the deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and presence of neurofibrillary tangles. These drive microglia neuroinflammation and consequent neurodegeneration. While the means to affect Aβ plaque accumulation was achieved how it affects disease outcomes remains uncertain. Cerium oxide (CeO₂) reduces Aβ plaques, oxidative stress, inflammation, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) signs and symptoms. Specifically, CeO₂ nanoparticles (CeO₂NPs) induces free radical scavenging and cell protective intracellular signaling. This can ameliorate the pathobiology of an AD-affected brain. In order to investigate, CeO₂NPs …

Antiviral Polymers: A Review, Ali Akbari, Ashkan Bigham, Vahid Rahimkhoei, Sina Sharifi, Esmaiel Jabbari

Faculty Publications

Polymers, due to their high molecular weight, tunable architecture, functionality, and buffering effect for endosomal escape, possess unique properties as a carrier or prophylactic agent in preventing pandemic outbreak of new viruses. Polymers are used as a carrier to reduce the minimum required dose, bioavailability, and therapeutic effectiveness of antiviral agents. Polymers are also used as multifunctional nanomaterials to, directly or indirectly, inhibit viral infections. Multifunctional polymers can interact directly with envelope glycoproteins on the viral surface to block fusion and entry of the virus in the host cell. Polymers can indirectly mobilize the immune system by activating macrophages and …

Optimizing The Self-Healing Efficiency Of Hydrogel Encapsulated Bacteria In Concrete, Ricardo Hungria

LSU Master's Theses

Calcium carbonate precipitation through microbial means is a promising pathway for concrete self-healing technologies, mainly for its microcrack sealing attributes. The main goal of this project was to study and optimize the crack healing efficiency of hydrogel encapsulated bacteria in concrete. To achieve this purpose, Bacillus pseudiformus was implemented as the bacteria strain at a concentration of 10⁸ cells/ml. This bacterium strain along with yeast extract was combined along with three different mineral precursors corresponding to magnesium acetate, calcium lactate, and sodium lactate. All these three precursors were evaluated at two concentrations (67.76 mM/l and 75 mM/l). For each …

Fabrication Of Microfluidic Devices To Study Confined Collective Migration Of Breast Cancer Cells, Linh Luong

Symposium of Student Scholars

Cells in our body mostly exist in confined environments. They are surrounded by neighboring cells, tissues, and the extracellular matrix. The changes in these surrounding environments influence cell behaviors. Therefore, studying cell mechanics plays a significant role to understand how cancer cells migrate and what primary factors that control cancer metastasis. Many studies have been developed to study how cancer cells migrate in the body. However, these experiments in vivo are complicated and incredibly challenging. Another approach is to perform experiments in vitro instead. However, to obtain relevant results, a specific experimental apparatus must be designed to confine cells. Glass …

Design And Computational Validation Of A Shear Stress Bioreactor For Conditioning Vascular Tissue To Time-Varying Multidirectional Fluid Shear Stress, Rajeshwari Raja, Philippe Sucosky, Jason Shar

Symposium of Student Scholars

Design and Computational Validation of a Shear Stress Bioreactor for Conditioning Vascular Tissue to Time-Varying Multidirectional Fluid Shear Stress

Author: Rajeshwari Raja Mentor: Dr. Jason A. Shar Department of Mechanical Engineering Kennesaw State University 1100 South Marietta Pkwy SE, 30060

Altered biological environments and conditions, such as microgravity and pregnancy, can impact vascular blood flow and, in turn, generate fluid wall shear stress (WSS; frictional force generated on the tissue surface due to blood flow) abnormalities. These abnormalities are known to affect cardiovascular tissue biology and can be replicated experimentally using a cone-and-plate shear stress bioreactor. This device exposes tissue …

Development Of A Wearable Device For Monitoring And Predicting Human Health In Emergencies, Mukhriddin Arabboev, Shohruh Begmatov, Khabibullo Nosirov, Jean Chamberlain Chedjou, Kyandoghere Kyamakya

Technical science and innovation

In recent years, natural disasters and various similar emergencies have caused many people to leave this world early. The need for the use of modern technologies in emergencies is growing day by day. Various modern devices, techniques and methods are used in post-disaster search and rescue operations. The issue of finding a survivor is very important in post-disaster operations. The vital signs of humans are very important in determining the survival of humans. Heart Rate (HR), Blood Pressure (BP), Respiration rate (breathing rate), and Body Temperature (BT) values are considered four essential vital signs that must be measured regularly. In …

Effects Of Weight-Bearing On Tibiofemoral, Patellofemoral, And Patellar Tendon Kinematics In Older Adults, Vasiliki Kefala, Azhar A. Ali, Landon D. Hamilton, Erin M. Mannen, Kevin B. Shelburne

Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Quantification of natural knee kinematics is essential for the assessment of joint function in the diagnosis of pathologies. Combined measurements of tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joint kinematics are necessary because knee pathologies, such as progression of osteoarthritis and patellar instability, are a frequent concern in both articulations. Combined measurement of tibiofemoral and patellofemoral kinematics also enables calculation of important quantities, specifically patellar tendon angle, which partly determines the loading vector at the tibiofemoral joint and patellar tendon moment arm. The goals of this research were to measure the differences in tibiofemoral and patellofemoral kinematics, patellar tendon angle (PTA), and patellar tendon …

Medical Manikin Augmented Reality Simulation (M2ars), Pauline Delacruz, Jacob Gibson, Daniel Howard, Jaclyn Peacock, Kendall Robbins

Modeling, Simulation and Visualization Student Capstone Conference

The Medical Manikin Augmented Reality Simulation (M2ARS) is an augmented reality simulation application built for the Microsoft HoloLens 2 that uses the principles of anatomy transfer to overlay human anatomical structures onto a medical manikin digitally. These structures currently consist of the skeletal, muscular, and circulatory systems. In addition, a model of the lungs and an animated heart are also available within the simulation. M2ARS allows the user to view these structures in a manner that is both visually and spatially accurate to the human body. This application contains two modes; an augmented reality mode, which uses a manikin, and …

A Preliminary Comparative Study Of Molecular Visualization Software For Education, Ruoming Shen

Modeling, Simulation and Visualization Student Capstone Conference

Chemistry and biology are sciences vital for understanding metabolic processes, developing disease treatments, and improving environmental conditions. With extensive knowledge of biochemistry, we can take advantage of a material’s unique chemical composition and properties in various applications. Visualization software is essential for analyzing complex chemical and biological structures and predicting their interactions with each other. This paper presents a preliminary study of three open source molecular visualization software tools - Visual Molecular Dynamics (VMD), Jmol, and Mol*, and evaluates their strengths and deficiencies. This paper utilizes the March Molecule of the Month, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), from the Protein …

Multi-Modality Breast Mri Segmentation Using Nn-Unet For Preoperative Planning Of Robotic Surgery Navigation, Motaz Alqaoud, John Plemmons Md, Eric Feliberti Md, Facs, Krishnanand Kaipa, Siqin Dong, Gabor Fichtinger, Yimming Xiao, Michel Audette

Modeling, Simulation and Visualization Student Capstone Conference

Segmentation of the chest region and breast tissues is essential for surgery planning and navigation. This paper proposes the foundation for preoperative segmentation based on two cascaded architectures of deep neural networks (DNN) based on the state-of-the-art nnU-Net. Additionally, this study introduces a polyvinyl alcohol cryogel (PVA-C) breast phantom based on the segmentation of the DNN automated approach, enabling the experiments of navigation system for robotic breast surgery. Multi-modality breast MRI datasets of T2W and STIR images were acquired from 10 patients. Segmentation evaluation utilized the Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC), segmentation accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. First, a single class labeling …

Senior Subject Gait Analysis Using Self-Supervised Method, Haben Yhdego, Michel Audette

Modeling, Simulation and Visualization Student Capstone Conference

There are many issues regarding the technology used for fall detection gait analysis in the geriatric center of senior patients. The fall detection system used should examine the privacy of the patients and the flexibility of the system. Several researchers have developed fall detection using wearable sensors due to their flexibility and nature of privacy. Most of those developed methods are supervised deep learning methods. However, data annotation is expensive because we use camera video recording and playback of each participant’s recorded video to label the data. Moreover, labelling using a camera recording limits the flexible and private nature of …

Image Processing Algorithms For Detection Of Anomalies In Orthopedic Surgery Implants, Alexander William Wiese

Theses and Dissertations

Orthopedic implant procedures for hip implants are performed on 300,000 patients annually in the United States, with 22.3 million procedures worldwide. While most such operations are successfully performed to relieve pain and restore joint function for the duration of the patient's life, advances in medicine have enabled patients to outlive the life of their implant, increasing the likelihood of implant failure. There is significant advantage to the patient, the surgeon, and the medical community in early detection of implant failures.The research work presented in this thesis demonstrates a non-invasive digital image processing technique for the automated detection of specific arthroplasty …

Fumarate-Based Polymers: Oligo(Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Fumarate) And Poly(Butylene Fumarate) For Tissue Engineering Heart Valve And Bone Tissue, Christian T. Denny

Biomedical Engineering ETDs

Tissue engineering is an emerging field that came from the fields of medicine, materials science, and engineering. The foundation of tissue engineering uses a paradigm that incorporates cells, biomaterials, and exogenous factors to create living tissues for medical, pharmaceutical, and research purposes. Within the last 100 years, biomaterials have been developed to solve many medical and research problems. As biomaterials have developed throughout the years new materials have been developed to have specific properties appropriate for medical applications. Fumarate is a naturally derived molecule in the body and has been found useful for developing polyesters that can be crosslinked into …

Studying Dispersed Phase Holdup In A Pilot Plant Agitated Liquid–Liquid Mixer By Developing Online Expanded Laser Beam Based Technique, Kifah H. Abid, Jihane Mendil, Muthanna H. Al-Dahhan

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Expanded Laser Transmission Technique (E-LTT), where a laser beam is used in conjunction with a beam expander large enough to cover the average drop size up to a few millimeters in the path of the laser in a liquid–liquid dispersion mixture, has been applied for online continuous measurement and investigation in a non-invasive manner of the drop phase volume fraction in an agitated flow mixer of a pilot plant scale. The limitations of beam scattering by the drops through the dispersion path were overcome by having liquids of matching refractive indices enabled by the temperature control system. This study reports …