Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Commons^™

Instrumental Fracture In Endodontics: A Short Review, Fatima Zohra Rouggani, Ayoub Belkamel

Health Sciences

Oneofthemostfrequentaccidentsthattakeplaceduringstandardendodontictreatment is instrument fracture. The fractured instrument such as a metallic obstruction inthe root canal system, hinders cleaning and shaping operations, and affects the effectivenessofendodontictherapy.Themanagementofinstrumentfracture,factorsthataffe ctinstrumentfracture,andprecautionsforinstrumentfracturearethethreeheadingsusedtoel aborateonthistopicin thisreview.

Psychological Burden Of Second Line Healthcare Workers In Morocco During Covid-19 Outbreak: A Cross-Sectional Study, Ismail Hanine, Khadija Benallel, Roukaya Benjelloun, Mohamed Kadiri

Health Sciences

Background: Second-line healthcare workers have played a crucial role during the covid-19 pandemic, providing essential support to frontline workers and ensuring the smooth functioning of healthcare systems. Aim: Our subjects were not the focus of many research studies. Our aim was to explore the relationship between the outbreak and the experience of the second line of defense and if they endured the psychological burden of the pandemic as much as those on the frontline, despite not being in direct contact with infected or suspected cases in the first wave. Methods: In this study, we focused our attention on those not …

Biom 3110: Medical Physiology (Syllabus), Bradford D. Pendley

Biomedical Engineering Syllabi Archive

Course Description: Basic principles of human physiology and how these are applied in medicine and biomedical engineering problem and devices; physiological principles using appropriate mathematical and engineering models to construct an understanding of how the body works as an integrated system.

On The Chronological Understanding Of The Homogeneous Dielectric Barrier Discharge, Xinpei Lu, Zhi Fang, Dong Dai, Tao Shao, Feng Liu, Cheng Zhang, Dawei Liu, Lanlan Nie, Chunqi Jiang

Bioelectrics Publications

Dielectric barrier discharges (DBD) are widely utilised non-equilibrium atmospheric pressure plasmas with a diverse range of applications, such as material processing, surface treatment, light sources, pollution control, and medicine. Over the course of several decades, extensive research has been dedicated to the generation of homogeneous DBD (H-DBD), focussing on understanding the transition from H-DBD to filamentary DBD and exploring strategies to create and sustain H-DBD. This paper first discusses the influence of various parameters on DBD, including gas flow, dielectric material, surface conductivity, and mesh electrode. Secondly, a chronological literature review is presented, highlighting the development of H-DBD and the …

Extracellular Vesticles In Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Understanding Protective And Harmful Signaling For The Development Of New Therapeutics, Matthew Bavuso, Noel Miller, Joshua M. Sill, Anca Dobrian, Ruben M. L. Colunga Biancatelli

Bioelectrics Publications

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe respiratory condition characterized by increased lung permeability, hyper-inflammatory state, and fluid leak into the alveolar spaces. ARDS is a heterogeneous disease, with multiple direct and indirect causes that result in a mortality of up to 40%. Due to the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic, its incidence has increased up to ten-fold. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small liposome-like particles that mediate intercellular communication and play a major role in ARDS pathophysiology. Indeed, they participate in endothelial barrier dysfunction and permeability, neutrophil, and macrophage activation, and also in the development of a hypercoagulable state. A more …

Interactions Of Carboxylated Nanodiamonds With Mouse Macrophages Cell Line And Primary Cells, Maisoun Bani-Hani, Stephen J. Beebe, Michael W. Stacey, Christopher Osgood

Bioelectrics Publications

Nanodiamonds (ND) have attracted significant interest for their use in several biomedical applications. These applications can be very useful if the safety and compatibility of ND are proven. We assessed the effects of ND (100 nm, Carboxylated) on primary macrophages and a macrophage-like cell line and found that these particles are not toxic to these cells at lower concentrations but may interfere with cell functions and differentiation. Internalization of ND by these cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner was mostly via phagocytosis and clathrin-dependent endocytosis and localized to the cytoplasm but not into the nucleus. No significant induction of …

Pulsed Electric Field Ablation Of Esophageal Malignancies And Mitigating Damage To Smooth Muscle: An In Vitro Study, Emily Gudvangen, Uma Mangalanathan, Iurii Semenov, Allen S. Kiester, Mark A. Keppler, Bennett L. Ibey, Joel N. Bixler, Andrei G. Pakhomov

Bioelectrics Publications

Cancer ablation therapies aim to be efficient while minimizing damage to healthy tissues. Nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) is a promising ablation modality because of its selectivity against certain cell types and reduced neuromuscular effects. We compared cell killing efficiency by PEF (100 pulses, 200 ns–10 µs duration, 10 Hz) in a panel of human esophageal cells (normal and pre-malignant epithelial and smooth muscle). Normal epithelial cells were less sensitive than the pre-malignant ones to unipolar PEF (15–20% higher LD50, p < 0.05). Smooth muscle cells (SMC) oriented randomly in the electric field were more sensitive, with 30–40% lower LD50 (p < 0.01). Trains of ten, 300-ns pulses at 10 kV/cm caused twofold weaker electroporative uptake of YO-PRO-1 dye in normal epithelial cells than in either pre-malignant cells or in SMC oriented perpendicularly to the field. Aligning SMC with the field reduced the dye uptake fourfold, along with a twofold reduction in Ca²⁺ transients. A 300-ns pulse induced a twofold smaller transmembrane potential in cells aligned with the field, making them …

Computational Modeling Of Temporal Eeg Responses To Cyclic Binary Visual Stimulus Patterns, Connor M. Delaney

Theses and Dissertations

The human visual system serves as the basis for many modern computer vision and machine learning approaches. While detailed biophysical models of certain aspects of the visual system exist, little work has been done to develop an end-to-end model from the visual stimulus to the signals generated at the visual cortex measured via the scalp electroencephalogram (EEG). The creation of such a model would not only provide a better understanding of the visual processing pathways but would also facilitate the design and evaluation of more robust visual stimuli for brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). A novel experiment was designed and conducted where …

Unveiling Similarities And Differences Between Cutaneous And Ocular Melanomas, Abdallah Badou, Nour El Imane Issam Salah, Mohamed Elbelhadji

Health Sciences

Melanomas are outstandingly aggressive cancers, still their incidence is increasing. They can occur in the skin as cutaneous melanoma or in the eye as ocular melanoma. Their pathogenesis is generally similar; however, the prognosis of ocular melanoma patients is still poor, due to its special genetic profile and tumor microenvironment. Here we review the similarities and differences between cutaneous and ocular melanoma, with a focus on their prognostic significance, their molecular signature, and their tumor microenvironment, in order to understand the strategies adopted to escape immune response. Gathering and understanding available knowledge of melanomas and their specificities may help to …

Full Body Harness Design Modifications And Evaluation: A Senior Design Project, Martin Mead, Jordan Von Seggern

The Journal of Undergraduate Research

Full-body harness (FBH) is critical for the safe operation of industrial and recreational activities, from installing and maintaining infrastructure such as wind turbines to ziplining and mountaintop adventures. However, harness design remains in the proprietary information of companies with limited technical information available for improvements or readjustments to specialized applications. As the outcome of the Capstone project, the paper focuses on multiple technical aspects and the engineering processes for designing FBH for ziplining recreational users, from selecting and testing materials for operation in cold weather to improvements in design and manufacturing for user comfort. The project is guided by technical …

Modeling Of The Chest Wall Response To Prolonged Bracing In Pectus Carinatum, Brandon Sargent, Katie Varela, Dennis Eggett, Emily Mckenna, Christina Bates, Rebeccah Brown, Victor Garcia, Larry Howell

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Scholarship

Pectus carinatum is a chest wall deformity that is often treated through the wearing of an external brace. The treatment of the deformity could benefit from a greater understanding of chest wall characteristics under prolonged loading. These characteristics are difficult to model directly but empirical studies can be used to create statistical models. 185 patients from 2018-2020 received bracing treatment. Data on the severity of the deformity, treatment pressures, and time of wear were recorded at the first fitting and all subsequent follow-up visits. This data was analyzed using a statistical mixed effects model to identify significant measures and trends …

A Label-Free Fiber Ring Laser Biosensor For Ultrahigh Sensitivity Detection Of Salmonella Typhimurium, Shi Qiu, Bin Liu, Yuankui Leng, Edward Fox, Xian Zhou, Binbin Yan, Xinzhu Sang, Long Long, Xingdao He, Jinhui Yuan, Gerald Farrell, Qiang Wu

Articles

The rapid detection of low concentrations of Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is an essential preventive measure for food safety and prevention of foodborne illness. The study presented in this paper addresses this critical issue by proposing a single mode-tapered seven core-single mode (STSS) fiber ring laser (FRL) biosensor for S. Typhimurium detection. The experimental results show that the specific detection time of S. Typhimurium is less than 20 min and the wavelength shift can achieve -0.906 nm for an S. Typhimurium solution (10 cells/mL). Furthermore, at a lower concentration of 1 cell/mL applied to the biosensor, a result of -0.183 …

Difference In Bioimpedance Across The Knee In Un-Injured Young Adults, Patrick J. Atkinson, Theresa Atkinson, Allison Seeley, Seerut Dhillon

Mechanical Engineering Publications

Background

Knee injuries induce swelling and resolution of swelling may be a useful factor in identifying states of healing and time to return to sports activities. Recent work has suggested that bioimpedance can provide an objective measure of swelling following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and therefore may also provide guidance for clinical decision-making following knee injury. This study measures knee bioimpedance in young, active people to help define baseline variability and factors that influence limb to limb differences.

Methods

Bioimpedance was measured via sensors placed at the foot/ankle and thigh, in positions similar to those suggested for monitoring post-TKA swelling. …

An Experimentally Validated Computational Model For The Degradation And Fracture Of Magnesium-Based Implants In A Chemically Corrosive Environment, Mark M. Ousdigian

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

In the orthopedic and cardiovascular fields there is a growing interest for biodegradable implants, which can be naturally degraded in the body environment over time so that no extraction surgery is required. These implants must be designed to maintain their strength until the fracture has healed in the body, which could be influenced by many factors such as -the patient’s age, activities, body weight, pre-existing conditions etc. Hence, an ideal implant design should be done on a patient-by-patient basis. In the present work, a computational model is developed to predict the degradation and fracture of magnesium-based implants in a stress-coupled …

Evaluating Human Eye Features For Objective Measure Of Working Memory Capacity, Yasasi Abeysinghe, Enkelejda Kasneci (Ed.), Frederick Shic (Ed.), Mohamed Khamis (Ed.)

Computer Science Faculty Publications

Eye tracking measures can provide means to understand the underlying development of human working memory. In this study, we propose to develop machine learning algorithms to find an objective relationship between human eye movements via oculomotor plant and their working memory capacity, which determines subjective cognitive load. Here we evaluate oculomotor plant features extracted from saccadic eye movements, traditional positional gaze metrics, and advanced eye metrics such as ambient/focal coefficient , gaze transition entropy, low/high index of pupillary activity (LHIPA), and real-time index of pupillary activity (RIPA). This paper outlines the proposed approach of evaluating eye movements for obtaining an …

A Single-Cell Atlas Of Bovine Skeletal Muscle Reveals Mechanisms Regulating Intramuscular Adipogenesis And Fibrogenesis, Leshan Wang, Peidong Gao, Chaoyang Li, Qianglin Liu, Zeyang Yao, Yuxia Li, Xujia Zhang, Jiangwen Sun, Constantine Simintiras, Matthew Welborn, Kenneth Mcmillin, Stephanie Oprescu, Shihuan Kuang, Xing Fu

Computer Science Faculty Publications

Background

Intramuscular fat (IMF) and intramuscular connective tissue (IMC) are often seen in human myopathies and are central to beef quality. The mechanisms regulating their accumulation remain poorly understood. Here, we explored the possibility of using beef cattle as a novel model for mechanistic studies of intramuscular adipogenesis and fibrogenesis.

Methods

Skeletal muscle single-cell RNAseq was performed on three cattle breeds, including Wagyu (high IMF), Brahman (abundant IMC but scarce IMF), and Wagyu/Brahman cross. Sophisticated bioinformatics analyses, including clustering analysis, gene set enrichment analyses, gene regulatory network construction, RNA velocity, pseudotime analysis, and cell-cell communication analysis, were performed to elucidate …

การพัฒนาระบบตรวจวัดสารประกอบอินทรีย์ระเหยง่ายโดยใช้ชุดอุปกรณ์เพิ่มความเข้มข้นพร้อมการปรับเปลี่ยนอุณหภูมิ, พรภวิษย์ สินสุขอุดมชัย

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

งานวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อพัฒนาระบบตรวจวัดสารประกอบอินทรีย์ระเหยง่าย (Volatile organic compounds : VOCs) โดยใช้ชุดอุปกรณ์เพิ่มความเข้มข้น (Preconcentrator Array) ที่สามารถปรับเปลี่ยนอุณหภูมิได้ เพื่อให้สามารถเพิ่มความไว (sensitivity) และความจำเพาะ (selectivity) ในการตรวจวัดสาร VOCs ตัวอย่างที่มีหลายสารองค์ประกอบได้อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ ระบบที่พัฒนาขึ้นนี้ได้นำสารดูดซับชนิดต่าง ๆ เช่น Tenax TA, Carbopack X และ CarboTrap B มาทดสอบใช้ โดยอาศัยรูปแบบของการให้อุณหภูมิและวิธีการวิเคราะห์ที่เหมาะสมเพื่อเพิ่มความแม่นยำในการตรวจวัดและการแยกแยะสารประกอบ VOCs ในตัวอย่างเป้าหมาย ในงานวิจัยนี้ได้ทำการออกแบบและพัฒนาระบบควบคุมความร้อนโดยใช้ไมโครคอนโทรลเลอร์ในการควบคุมการให้ความร้อนกับอุปกรณ์เพิ่มความเข้มข้น (Preconcentrator) จากนั้นได้ทำการทดสอบระบบที่พัฒนาขึ้นโดยทำการตรวจวัด VOCs ในสารตัวอย่างชนิดต่าง ๆ ที่ความเข้มข้นต่ำและวิเคราะห์ผลการวัดทดสอบด้วยการวิเคราะห์องค์ประกอบหลัก (Principal Component Analysis : PCA) จากผลการทดลองแสดงให้เห็นว่าระบบที่พัฒนาจากการใช้ชุดเพิ่มความเข้มข้นนี้สามารถตรวจวัดสาร VOCs ตัวอย่างที่เป็นตัวบ่งชี้ทางชีวภาพที่สำคัญของโรคโควิด-19 ได้อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ นอกจากนี้ระบบที่พัฒนาขึ้นยังสามารถตรวจวัดสารตัวอย่างที่ประกอบด้วย VOCs ชนิดต่าง ๆ กันได้อย่างเหมาะสมเนื่องจากความสามารถในการเพิ่มความจำเพาะในการวัดของชุดอุปกรณ์เพิ่มความเข้มข้น ซึ่งระบบที่พัฒนาขึ้นในงานวิจัยนี้จะมีประโยชน์ในการประยุกต์ใช้ทางด้านการแพทย์และสาธารณสุข โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งการตรวจคัดกรองโรคแบบไม่รุกล้ำและการตรวจวัดสาร VOCs ในสิ่งแวดล้อม

Aortic Remodeling Kinetics In Response To Coarctation-Induced Mechanical Perturbations, Arash Ghorbannia, Mehdi Maadooliat, Ronald K. Woods, Said H. Audi, Brandon J. Tefft, Claudio Chiastra, El Sayed H. Ibrahim, John F. Ladisa Jr.

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Background: Coarctation of the aorta (CoA; constriction of the proximal descending thoracic aorta) is among the most common congenital cardiovascular defects. Coarctation-induced mechanical perturbations trigger a cycle of mechano-transduction events leading to irreversible precursors of hypertension including arterial thickening, stiffening, and vasoactive dysfunction in proximal conduit arteries. This study sought to identify kinetics of the stress-mediated compensatory response leading to these alterations using a preclinical rabbit model of CoA.

Methods: A prior growth and remodeling (G&R) framework was reformulated and fit to empirical measurements from CoA rabbits classified into one control and nine CoA groups of various severities …

Utility And Usability Of Two Forms Of Supplemental Vibrotactile Kinesthetic Feedback For Enhancing Movement Accuracy And Efficiency In Goal-Directed Reaching, Ramsey K. Rayes, Rachel N. Mazorow, Leigh A. Mrotek, Robert A. Scheidt

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Recent advances in wearable sensors and computing have made possible the development of novel sensory augmentation technologies that promise to enhance human motor performance and quality of life in a wide range of applications. We compared the objective utility and subjective user experience for two biologically inspired ways to encode movement-related information into supplemental feedback for the real-time control of goal-directed reaching in healthy, neurologically intact adults. One encoding scheme mimicked visual feedback encoding by converting real-time hand position in a Cartesian frame of reference into supplemental kinesthetic feedback provided by a vibrotactile display attached to the non-moving arm and …

Advancing Prosthetic Design Using Neural And Mechanical Dynamics, Kacie E. Hanna

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Limb loss poses a significant challenge to mobility and the performance of daily activities. Currently, nearly half of the amputees using powered prosthetics abandon their device due to inadequate limb coordination and movement control abilities. In the healthy system, passive and neural dynamics facilitate the synchronized activation of muscles necessary for coordinated movement. However, in the amputee, the system is disrupted. The goal of this research is to use neural and mechanical dynamics to inform the design of prosthetic devices in order to restore intuitive control and coordinated limb movement.

The first aim of this research is to investigate neural …