Denied To Serve: Gay Men And Women In The American Military And National Security In World War Ii And The Early Cold War,
2019
Chapman University
Denied To Serve: Gay Men And Women In The American Military And National Security In World War Ii And The Early Cold War, Gianni Barbera
War, Diplomacy, and Society (MA) Theses
Gay men and women have existed in the United States and in the armed forces much longer than legally and socially permitted. By World War II, a cultural shift began within the gay communities of the United States as thousands of gay men and women enlisted in the armed forces. Military policies barred gay service members by reinforcing stereotypes that gay men threatened the wellbeing of other soldiers. Such policies fostered the idea that only particular kinds of men could adequately serve. There were two opposing outcomes for the service of returning gay and lesbian veterans. For many hiding their …
A War Of Frustration: Saddam Hussein’S Use Of Nerve Gas On Civilians At Halabja (1988) And The American Response,
2019
James Madison University
A War Of Frustration: Saddam Hussein’S Use Of Nerve Gas On Civilians At Halabja (1988) And The American Response, Christopher Huber
Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019
The large-scale use of chemical weapons in conflict dates to World War I, but international regulations kept its use in check until Saddam Hussein’s decision to implement it throughout the Iran-Iraq War in the 1980s. The consistent use of poison gas and repeated lack of international intervention allowed Saddam to murder thousands of Kurdish citizens in Halabja on March 16, 1988. This paper admits Saddam Hussein committed heinous acts of human rights violations and war crimes, but argues he was forced to make these horrific decisions by an unyielding adversary in the Ayatollah Khomeini, abandoned by an ineffective United Nations …
Index To Tom Kilpatrick Interview,
2019
Linfield College
Index To Tom Kilpatrick Interview, Melvin Van Hurck
Linfield University Public History Project: World War II as Experience and Memory
This index provides a time-stamped overview of the subjects discussed during an oral history interview with Tom Kilpatrick, Linfield College class of 1948.
Index To Jack Shannahan Interview,
2019
Linfield College
Index To Jack Shannahan Interview, Elisia Harder
Linfield University Public History Project: World War II as Experience and Memory
This index provides a time-stamped overview of the subjects discussed during an oral history interview with Erwin "Jack" Shannahan, Linfield College class of 1945.
In The Shadow Of Shuri Castle: The Battle Of Okinawa In Memory,
2019
Chapman University
In The Shadow Of Shuri Castle: The Battle Of Okinawa In Memory, Blake Altenberg
War, Diplomacy, and Society (MA) Theses
The memory of the battle of Okinawa was shaped by politics. The memory of the battle for Okinawans emphasizes war crimes committed against them and the devastating impact that was inflicted upon their peaceful island. Their emphasis on sole victimization led to other Okinawan narratives being either downplayed or outright denied. To remove American bases off their island, gain recognition for Japanese atrocities plus reparations, the Okinawans portrayed themselves as a peaceful people that were the sole victims of the battle of Okinawa. The United States glossed over the crimes committed by the Japanese on Okinawa and Asia to use …
Humanizing The Enslaved Of Fort Monroe’S Arc Of Freedom,
2019
Casemate Museum, Fort Monroe Authority
Humanizing The Enslaved Of Fort Monroe’S Arc Of Freedom, William R. Kelly Jr.
Journal of Contemporary Archival Studies
Fort Monroe, located in Hampton, Virginia, was a United States Army post until its deactivation in 2011. President Barack Obama proclaimed Fort Monroe a national monument due to its complex history, including its ties to slavery and emancipation. This paper outlines an ongoing research project designed to identify and humanize both the enslaved who helped build the fort and those who were declared as contraband there during the American Civil War. Housed in the National Archives and Records Administration in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the United States Army Engineer Records from 1819 to 1866 is the main area of focus for this …
The Private Navy Of The United States: The Effects Of Privateers On The War Of 1812,
2019
James Madison University
The Private Navy Of The United States: The Effects Of Privateers On The War Of 1812, Anthony Green
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
The declaration of war in June of 1812 brought more questions than it did answers for the United States. Economically, the government was not prepared to fund a war with multiple fronts. To make matters worse, the government’s primary source of income was through import duties, which they expected to decrease drastically as the war progressed. Militaristically, the United States Navy was too small to offer the protection that was needed from Britain, who possessed the world’s strongest navy at the time. Luckily for the United States, Congress in conjunction with President James Madison authorized privately owned ships to participate …
A Song For Jennie,
2019
Gettysburg College
A Song For Jennie, Claire Bickers
The Gettysburg Compiler: On the Front Lines of History
The simple tune was created by lyricist E. B. Dewing and composer J. P. Webster who hoped they would inspire patriotism in their female audience while they worked to become accomplished musicians. When the Civil War broke out, the young women who played the piece had been left behind on the home front, only to imagine what horrors their men were facing. The government and the warfront alike relied on the homefront to present a brave and loyal face in order to maintain support for the war effort through the fostering of a nationalistic, sentimental culture that bled into all …
The Knights Templar: The Course Of God And Gold,
2019
Clackamas High School
The Knights Templar: The Course Of God And Gold, Aaron Wozniak
Young Historians Conference
The creation and expansion of the Knights Templar exemplifies the power of religious organizations during the time of the Crusades. However, it is the dissolution of the Templars that makes the order’s existence stand out among other knight orders. While the legal accounts of King Philip IV condemn the Templars for heresy, modern scholars and the political context suggest the possibility of exploiting the order for its significant financial holdings. This paper follows the history of the Templar order, from its creation to its demise, to evaluate how the Templars drifted far enough from their initial mission to provide royals …
The Role Of Stoic Philosophy In Military Leadership And Values,
2019
Grant High School
The Role Of Stoic Philosophy In Military Leadership And Values, Elliot Witscher
Young Historians Conference
Military leaders have historically relied on different justifications for violence and war, including philosophy. A perennial favorite of the military has been stoic philosophy, often based on the teachings and work of Epictetus. However, a careful examination of the actions of three well known military leaders, Marcus Aurelius, Frederick the Great, and the modern United States military, show that philosophical beliefs, no matter how firmly held, rarely translate into military actions or policy. Many leaders claim to value stoic teachings, however these internal and personal worldview is hard to scale into a specific type of action on the battlefield or …
Women In Combat: The Soviet Example,
2019
Boise State University
Women In Combat: The Soviet Example, Hayley Noble
History Graduate Projects and Theses
This project explores the experiences of Soviet women in combat on the eastern front during World War II. Through an exhibit, website, and thesis, Soviet women are shown in stereotypically male-dominated roles, performing as well as their male counterparts, while not acknowledged for their work after the war. Their invisible service reveals trends through military history scholarship, and larger ideology surrounding women in combat. This project informs on a relatively unknown topic, while using their historical example to advocate for American women in the military integrating into combat jobs.
The Battle Of The Ourcq River,
2019
Liberty University
The Battle Of The Ourcq River, Earl Jacob Starbuck
Masters Theses
An account of the Battle of the Ourcq River, 28 July-6 August, 1918, World War One.
Opportunism & Duty: Gendered Perceptions Of Women's Involvement In Crusade Negotiation And Mediation (1147-1254),
2019
University of Canterbury, NZ
Opportunism & Duty: Gendered Perceptions Of Women's Involvement In Crusade Negotiation And Mediation (1147-1254), Gordon M. Reynolds
Medieval Feminist Forum: A Journal of Gender and Sexuality
Women’s involvement in negotiation and mediation during the Middle Ages has received close scrutiny. However, few scholars have concentrated their investigations on the trends in female-led negotiations during the crusades in the Near East, and the significance of the religious connotations of such leadership in this theatre. There were dramatic societal shifts in the Latin East during the twelfth-thirteenth centuries, most significantly in the aftermath of the Battle of Hattin and loss of Jerusalem in 1187. The destruction of much of the Latin East’s crusader states that followed Jerusalem’s fall displaced many individuals, and with a plethora of Christian nobles …
Soldaten Des Westens: An Analysis Of The Wartime Experiences Of Three German-American Regiments From The St. Louis-Bellville Region,
2019
University of Southern Mississippi
Soldaten Des Westens: An Analysis Of The Wartime Experiences Of Three German-American Regiments From The St. Louis-Bellville Region, John Sarvela
Master's Theses
During the Civil War, Germans from the Greater St. Louis region enthusiastically volunteered for service in the Union Army and filled the companies of three regiments examined here: the 30th and 43rd Illinois and 12th Missouri Volunteer Infantry Regiments. This thesis argues that German-American soldiers serving in these regiments joined the army to save the Union and end slavery. Once mustered into service, they experienced less nativism within the Union Army of the Tennessee than Germans in the Union Army of the Potomac. In contrast to the predominantly German 43rd Illinois and 12th Missouri, the …
The Fighting Blue Ridgers: Combined Arms Capabilities Of The Us Army's 80th Infantry Division In World War Ii, 1944-1945,
2019
University of Southern Mississippi
The Fighting Blue Ridgers: Combined Arms Capabilities Of The Us Army's 80th Infantry Division In World War Ii, 1944-1945, Brannon Price
Master's Theses
This study of the Second World War examines the tactics employed by the 80th Infantry Division of the United States Army in the European Theater of Operations in 1944 and 1945. Early historiography portrays American units as brave but less sophisticated than their German adversaries. However, recent scholarship praises American combat capabilities. Drawing largely upon official Army records and firsthand accounts from American soldiers, this thesis argues that the 80th Infantry Division developed into a highly effective fighting force in the European Theater when it properly employed the concept of combined arms (the coordination of infantry, artillery, and armor) on …
"We Germans Fear God, And Nothing Else In The World!" Military Policy In Wilhelmine Germany, 1890-1914,
2019
East Tennessee State University
"We Germans Fear God, And Nothing Else In The World!" Military Policy In Wilhelmine Germany, 1890-1914, Cavender Sutton
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Throughout the Second Reich’s short life, military affairs were synonymous with those of the state. Indeed, it was the zeal and blood of Prussian soldiers that allowed the creation of a unified German empire. After solidifying itself as a major power, things grew more complicated as the Reich found itself increasingly surrounded by hostile rivals. To the west, French humiliation over their catastrophic defeat in 1870-71 continued to fester while, in the east, Russian sympathies for the new empire waned. The finalization of a Franco-Russian alliance in 1894 meant Germany faced formidable adversaries along her eastern and western borders. That …
The Great Heathen Failure: Why The Great Heathen Army Failed To Conquer The Whole Of Anglo-Saxon England,
2019
Winthrop University
The Great Heathen Failure: Why The Great Heathen Army Failed To Conquer The Whole Of Anglo-Saxon England, Ryan Macneill
Graduate Theses
In the year 865 CE, a coalition of Viking forces combined to form an army aimed at the conquest and settlement of England. Known as The Great Heathen Army, these Vikings managed to capture most of the territory that today constitutes England with the notable exception of the English kingdom of Wessex. And so, despite many successes, they failed to conquer all of English territory. Though these events, which transpired throughout the 860s and 870s, are well documented, the Viking perspective is rarely taken into account and there has yet to have been an argument that pinpoints how and why …
A Peculiar Service: The Chronological Exploits And Evolving Nature Of The Confederate States Marine Corps,
2019
Liberty University
A Peculiar Service: The Chronological Exploits And Evolving Nature Of The Confederate States Marine Corps, Lucas Peed
Masters Theses
This work looks at the little studied and often neglected history of the Confederate States Marine Corps. The purpose of this work is to tell the story of the CSMC and provide a chronological account of their actions. Through the Confederate Marines’ story, their ability to adapt their skills and training throughout the war becomes apparent.
Flying Tigers, Black Sheep: Legends In The Pacific,
2019
Liberty University
Flying Tigers, Black Sheep: Legends In The Pacific, Delynn Burrell
Masters Theses
This project seeks to explore the relationship between Claire Lee Chennault and Gregory “Pappy” Boyington and their respective units. By carefully studying Claire Chennault and Gregory Boyington and the strategies they implemented within their units for missions one can better understand what made their units so successful. By extension, this project also seeks to understand how popular culture has continued to bring their stories to the forefront for a new generation and the influence it has in expanding the legends. By examining personality traits, leadership skills, and the command policies of the commanders outside of missions, it is hopeful that …
'We Are Abolitionizing The West': The Union Army And The Implementation Of Federal Emancipation Policy, 1861–1865,
2019
CUNY Graduate Center
'We Are Abolitionizing The West': The Union Army And The Implementation Of Federal Emancipation Policy, 1861–1865, Scott Ackerman
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
This project provides a new history of the implementation of federal emancipation policy by the Union armies during the Civil War. It examines five geographic regions occupied by the Union army—the Mississippi River Valley, Tennessee, Alabama, Louisiana and the Gulf Coast, and Kentucky—focusing on the activities of officials whom I term the “middle managers” of federal emancipation policy. Though often overlooked by historians, officers such as Union army Adjutant General Lorenzo Thomas, Commissioner for the United States Colored Troops George Stearns, and Major William Sidell were specifically designated by the Lincoln administration to superintend the implementation of emancipation policy in …
