# Algebra Commons™

## All Articles in Algebra

1,249 full-text articles. Page 1 of 50.

Generalizations Of Commutativity In Dihedral Groups, 2022 Rose Hulman Institute of Technology

#### Generalizations Of Commutativity In Dihedral Groups, Noah A. Heckenlively

The probability that two elements commute in a non-Abelian finite group is at most 5 8 . We prove several generalizations of this result for dihedral groups. In particular, we give specific values for the probability that a product of an arbitrary number of dihedral group elements is equal to its reverse, and also for the probability that a product of three elements is equal to a permutation of itself or to a cyclic permutation of itself. We also show that for any r and n, there exists a dihedral group such that the probability that a product of n elements ...

2022 The University of Western Ontario

#### Automorphism-Preserving Color Substitutions On Profinite Graphs, Michal Cizek

##### Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Profinite groups are topological groups which are known to be Galois groups. Their free product was extensively studied by Luis Ribes and Pavel Zaleskii using the notion of a profinite graph and having profinite groups act freely on such graphs. This thesis explores a different approach to study profinite groups using profinite graphs and that is with the notion of automorphisms and colors. It contains a generalization to profinite graphs of the theorem of Frucht (1939) that shows that every finite group is a group of automorphisms of a finite connected graph, and establishes a profinite analog of the theorem ...

Reduction Of L-Functions Of Elliptic Curves Modulo Integers, 2022 The University of Western Ontario

#### Reduction Of L-Functions Of Elliptic Curves Modulo Integers, Félix Baril Boudreau

Let $\mathbb{F}_q$ be a finite field of size $q$, where $q$ is a power of a prime $p \geq 5$. Let $C$ be a smooth, proper, and geometrically connected curve over $\mathbb{F}_q$. Consider an elliptic curve $E$ over the function field $K$ of $C$ with nonconstant $j$-invariant. One can attach to $E$ its $L$-function $L(T,E/K)$, which is a generating function that contains information about the reduction types of $E$ at the different places of $K$. The $L$-function of $E/K$ was proven to be a polynomial in $\mathbb{Z}[T ... Efficiency Of Homomorphic Encryption Schemes, 2022 Clemson University #### Efficiency Of Homomorphic Encryption Schemes, Kyle Yates ##### All Theses In 2009, Craig Gentry introduced the first fully homomorphic encryption scheme using bootstrapping. In the 13 years since, a large amount of research has gone into improving efficiency of homomorphic encryption schemes. This includes implementing leveled homomorphic encryption schemes for practical use, which are schemes that allow for some predetermined amount of additions and multiplications that can be performed on ciphertexts. These leveled schemes have been found to be very efficient in practice. In this thesis, we will discuss the efficiency of various homomorphic encryption schemes. In particular, we will see how to improve sizes of parameter choices in homomorphic ... Characteristic Sets Of Matroids, 2022 University of Tennessee, Knoxville #### Characteristic Sets Of Matroids, Dony Varghese ##### Doctoral Dissertations Matroids are combinatorial structures that generalize the properties of linear independence. But not all matroids have linear representations. Furthermore, the existence of linear representations depends on the characteristic of the fields, and the linear characteristic set is the set of characteristics of fields over which a matroid has a linear representation. The algebraic independence in a field extension also defines a matroid, and also depends on the characteristic of the fields. The algebraic characteristic set is defined in the similar way as the linear characteristic set. The linear representations and characteristic sets are well studied. But the algebraic representations and ... Conductors And Rings With Shared Ideals, 2022 Clemson University #### Conductors And Rings With Shared Ideals, Sydney Maibach ##### All Theses Given an additive subgroup$I$of a field$K, we define the colon ideal (I:I) = {\alpha \in K: \alpha I \subseteq I}. We then use this to construct collections of rings with shared ideals and explore relationships between these concepts and the complete integral closure. Lyubeznik Ideals Minimally Generated By Four Or Fewer Elements, 2022 Clemson University #### Lyubeznik Ideals Minimally Generated By Four Or Fewer Elements, Nathan S. Fontes ##### All Theses Free resolutions for an ideal are constructions that tell us useful information about the structure of the ideal. Every ideal has one minimal free resolution which tells us significantly more about the structure of the ideal. In this thesis, we consider a specific type of resolution, the Lyubeznik resolution, for a monomial ideal I, which is constructed using a total order on the minimal generating set G(I). An ideal is called Lyubeznik if some total order on G(I) produces a minimal Lyubeznik resolution for I. We investigate the problem of characterizing whether an ideal I is Lyubeznik by ... 2022 Clemson University #### Identifying Trace Affine Linear Sets Using Homotopy Continuation, Julianne Mckay ##### All Theses We investigate how the coefficients of a sparse polynomial system influence the sum, or the trace, of its solutions. We discuss an extension of the classical trace test in numerical algebraic geometry to sparse polynomial systems. Two known methods for identifying a trace affine linear subset of the support of a sparse polynomial system use sparse resultants and polyhedral geometry, respectively. We introduce a new approach which provides more precise classifications of trace affine linear sets than was previously known. For this new approach, we developed software in Macaulay2. The Hfd Property In Orders Of A Number Field, 2022 Clemson University #### The Hfd Property In Orders Of A Number Field, Grant Moles ##### All Theses We will examine orders R in a number field K. In particular, we will look at how the generalized class number of R relates to the class number of its integral closure R. We will then apply this to the case when K is a quadratic field to produce a more specific relation. After this, we will focus on orders R which are half-factorial domains (HFDs), in which the irreducible factorization of any element αR has fixed length. We will determine two cases in which R is an HFD if and only if its ring of formal power series ... 2022 Clemson University #### Minimal Differential Graded Algebra Resolutions Related To Certain Stanley-Reisner Rings, Todd Anthony Morra ##### All Dissertations We investigate algebra structures on resolutions of a special class of Cohen-Macaulay simplicial complexes. Given a simplicial complex, we define a pure simplicial complex called the purification. These complexes arise as a generalization of certain independence complexes and the resultant Stanley-Reisner rings have numerous desirable properties, e.g., they are Cohen-Macaulay. By realizing the purification in the context of work of D'alì, et al., we obtain a multi-graded, minimal free resolution of the Alexander dual ideal of the Stanley-Reisner ideal. We augment this in a standard way to obtain a resolution of the quotient ring, which is likewise minimal ... On Complete Integral Closure Of Integral Domains, 2022 Clemson University #### On Complete Integral Closure Of Integral Domains, Todd Fenstermacher ##### All Dissertations Given an integral domain D with quotient field K, an element x in K is called integral over D if x is a root of a monic polynomial with coefficients in D. The notion of integrality has roots in Dedekind's work with algebraic integers, and was later developed more rigorously by Emmy Noether. Different variations or generalizations of integrality have since been studied, including almost integrality and pseudo-integrality. In this work we give a brief history of integrality and almost integrality before developing the basic theory of these two notions. We will continue the theory of almost integrality further ... 2022 Clemson University #### Characterizing Unmixed Trees And Coronas With Respect To Pmu Covers, Michael Cowen ##### All Dissertations In this dissertation we study the algebraic properties of ideals constructed from graphs. We use algebraic techniques to study the PMU Placement Problem from electrical engineering which asks for optimal placement of sensors, called PMUs, in an electrical power system. Motivated by algebraic and geometric considerations, we characterize the trees for which all minimal PMU covers have the same size. Additionally, we investigate the power edge ideal of Moore, Rogers, and Sather-Wagstaff which identifies the PMU covers of a power system like the edge ideal of a graph identifies the vertex covers. We characterize the trees for which the power ... Dvr-Matroids Of Algebraic Extensions, 2022 University of Tennessee, Knoxville #### Dvr-Matroids Of Algebraic Extensions, Anna L. Lawson ##### Doctoral Dissertations A matroid is a finite set E along with a collection of subsets of E, called independent sets, that satisfy certain conditions. The most well-known matroids are linear matroids, which come from a finite subset of a vector space over a field K. In this case the independent sets are the subsets that are linearly independent over K. Algebraic matroids come from a finite set of elements in an extension of a field K. The independent sets are the subsets that are algebraically independent over K. Any linear matroid has a representation as an algebraic matroid, but the converse is ... 2022 East Tennessee State University #### Bbt Acoustic Alternative Top Bracing Cadd Data Set-Norev-2022jun28, Bill Hemphill ##### STEM Guitar Project’s BBT Acoustic Kit This electronic document file set consists of an overview presentation (PDF-formatted) file and companion video (MP4) and CADD files (DWG & DXF) for laser cutting the ETSU-developed alternate top bracing designs and marking templates for the STEM Guitar Project’s BBT (OM-sized) standard acoustic guitar kit. The three (3) alternative BBT top bracing designs in this release are (a) a one-piece base for the standard kit's (Martin-style) bracing, (b) 277 Ladder-style bracing, and (c) an X-braced fan-style bracing similar to traditional European or so-called 'classical' acoustic guitars. The CADD data set for each of the three (3) top bracing designs includes (a) a nominal 24" x 18" x 3mm (0.118") Baltic birch plywood laser layout of (1) the one-piece base with slots, (2) pre-radiused and pre-scalloped vertical braces with tabs to ensure proper orientation and alignment, and (3) various gages and jigs and (b) a nominal 15" x 20" marking template. The 'provided as is" CADD data is formatted for use on a Universal Laser Systems (ULS) laser cutter digital (CNC) device. Each CADD drawing is also provided in two (2) formats: Autodesk AutoCAD 2007 .DWG and .DXF R12. Users should modify and adapt the CADD data as required to fit their equipment. This CADD data set is released and distributed under a Creative Commons license; users are also encouraged to make changes o the data and share (with attribution) their designs with the worldwide acoustic guitar building community. Harmonious Labelings Via Cosets And Subcosets, 2022 University of North Alabama #### Harmonious Labelings Via Cosets And Subcosets, Jared L. Painter, Holleigh C. Landers, Walker M. Mattox ##### Theory and Applications of Graphs In [Abueida, A. and Roblee, K., More harmonious labelings of families of disjoint unions of an odd cycle and certain trees, J. Combin. Math. Combin. Comput., 115 (2020), 61-68] it is shown that the disjoint union of an odd cycle and certain paths is harmonious, and that certain starlike trees are harmonious using properties of cosets for a particular subgroup of the integers modulo m, where m is the number of edges of the graph. We expand upon these results by first exploring the numerical properties when adding values from cosets and subcosets in the integers modulo m. We will ... Bbt Side Mold Assy, 2022 East Tennessee State University #### Bbt Side Mold Assy, Bill Hemphill ##### STEM Guitar Project’s BBT Acoustic Kit This electronic document file set covers the design and fabrication information of the ETSU Guitar Building Project’s BBT (OM-sized) Side Mold Assy for use with the STEM Guitar Project’s standard acoustic guitar kit. The extended 'as built' data set contains an overview file and companion video, the 'parent' CADD drawing, CADD data for laser etching and cutting a drill &/or layout template, CADD drawings in AutoCAD .DWG and .DXF R12 formats of the centerline tool paths for creating the mold assembly pieces on an AXYZ CNC router, and support documentation for CAM applications including router bit specifications, feeds ... Unomaha Problem Of The Week (2021-2022 Edition), 2022 University of Nebraska at Omaha #### Unomaha Problem Of The Week (2021-2022 Edition), Brad Horner, Jordan M. Sahs ##### Student Research and Creative Activity Fair The University of Omaha math department's Problem of the Week was taken over in Fall 2019 from faculty by the authors. The structure: each semester (Fall and Spring), three problems are given per week for twelve weeks, with each problem worth ten points - mimicking the structure of arguably the most well-regarded university math competition around, the Putnam Competition, with prizes awarded to top-scorers at semester's end. The weekly competition was halted midway through Spring 2020 due to COVID-19, but relaunched again in Fall 2021, with massive changes. Now there are three difficulty tiers to POW problems, roughly corresponding ... The Zariski-Riemann Space As A Universal Model For The Birational Geometry Of A Function Field, 2022 The Graduate Center, City University of New York #### The Zariski-Riemann Space As A Universal Model For The Birational Geometry Of A Function Field, Giovan Battista Pignatti Morano Di Custoza ##### Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Given a function fieldK$over an algebraically closed field$k$, we propose to use the Zariski-Riemann space$\ZR (K/k)$of valuation rings as a universal model that governs the birational geometry of the field extension$K/k$. More specifically, we find an exact correspondence between ad-hoc collections of open subsets of$\ZR (K/k)$ordered by quasi-refinements and the category of normal models of$K/k$with morphisms the birational maps. We then introduce suitable Grothendieck topologies and we develop a sheaf theory on$\ZR (K/k)$which induces, locally at once, the sheaf theory of each normal ... On Isomorphic K-Rational Groups Of Isogenous Elliptic Curves Over Finite Fields, 2022 University of Rochester #### On Isomorphic K-Rational Groups Of Isogenous Elliptic Curves Over Finite Fields, Ben Kuehnert, Geneva Schlafly, Zecheng Yi ##### Rose-Hulman Undergraduate Mathematics Journal It is well known that two elliptic curves are isogenous if and only if they have same number of rational points. In fact, isogenous curves can even have isomorphic groups of rational points in certain cases. In this paper, we consolidate all the current literature on this relationship and give a extensive classification of the conditions in which this relationship arises. First we prove two ordinary isogenous elliptic curves have isomorphic groups of rational points when they have the same$j$-invariant. Then, we extend this result to certain isogenous supersingular elliptic curves, namely those with equal$j\$-invariant of ...

An Overview Of Monstrous Moonshine, 2022 Cedarville University

#### An Overview Of Monstrous Moonshine, Catherine E. Riley

##### Channels: Where Disciplines Meet

The Conway-Norton monstrous moonshine conjecture set off a quest to discover the connection between the Monster and the J-function. The goal of this paper is to give an overview of the components of the conjecture, the conjecture itself, and some of the ideas that led to its solution. Special focus is given to Klein's J-function.