# Algebra Commons™

Articles 1 - 30 of 880

## Full-Text Articles in Algebra

The Hermitian Null-Range Of A Matrix Over A Finite Field, Edoardo Ballico May 2018

#### The Hermitian Null-Range Of A Matrix Over A Finite Field, Edoardo Ballico

Let $q$ be a prime power. For $u=(u_1,\dots ,u_n), v=(v_1,\dots ,v_n)\in \mathbb {F} _{q^2}^n$, let $\langle u,v\rangle := \sum _{i=1}^{n} u_i^qv_i$ be the Hermitian form of $\mathbb {F} _{q^2}^n$. Fix an $n\times n$ matrix $M$ over $\mathbb {F} _{q^2}$. In this paper, it is considered the case $k=0$ of the set $\mathrm{Num} _k(M):= \{\langle u,Mu\rangle \mid u\in \mathbb {F} _{q^2}^n, \langle u,u\rangle =k\}$. When $M$ has coefficients in $\mathbb {F ... The Properties Of Partial Trace And Block Trace Operators Of Partitioned Matrices, Katarzyna Filipiak, Daniel Klein, Erika Vojtková May 2018 #### The Properties Of Partial Trace And Block Trace Operators Of Partitioned Matrices, Katarzyna Filipiak, Daniel Klein, Erika Vojtková ##### Electronic Journal of Linear Algebra The aim of this paper is to give the properties of two linear operators defined on non-square partitioned matrix: the partial trace operator and the block trace operator. The conditions for symmetry, nonnegativity, and positive-definiteness are given, as well as the relations between partial trace and block trace operators with standard trace, vectorizing and the Kronecker product operators. Both partial trace as well as block trace operators can be widely used in statistics, for example in the estimation of unknown parameters under the multi-level multivariate models or in the theory of experiments for the determination of an optimal designs under ... Preface: International Conference On Matrix Analysis And Its Applications -- Mattriad 2017, Oskar Maria Baksalary, Natalia Bebiano, Heike Fassbender, Simo Puntanen May 2018 #### Preface: International Conference On Matrix Analysis And Its Applications -- Mattriad 2017, Oskar Maria Baksalary, Natalia Bebiano, Heike Fassbender, Simo Puntanen ##### Electronic Journal of Linear Algebra No abstract provided. Norm Inequalities Related To Clarkson Inequalities, Fadi Alrimawi, Omar Hirzallah, Fuad Kittaneh May 2018 #### Norm Inequalities Related To Clarkson Inequalities, Fadi Alrimawi, Omar Hirzallah, Fuad Kittaneh ##### Electronic Journal of Linear Algebra Let$A$and$B$be$n\times n$matrices. It is shown that if$p=2$,$4\leq p<\infty$, or$2

Bounds For The Completely Positive Rank Of A Symmetric Matrix Over A Tropical Semiring, David Dolžan, Polona Oblak May 2018

#### Bounds For The Completely Positive Rank Of A Symmetric Matrix Over A Tropical Semiring, David Dolžan, Polona Oblak

##### Electronic Journal of Linear Algebra

In this paper, an upper bound for the CP-rank of a matrix over a tropical semiring is obtained, according to the vertex clique cover of the graph prescribed by the positions of zero entries in the matrix. The graphs that beget the matrices with the lowest possible CP-ranks are studied, and it is proved that any such graph must have its diameter equal to $2$.

#### Supporting English Language Learners Inside The Mathematics Classroom: One Teacher’S Unique Perspective Working With Students During Their First Years In America, Amy Marie Fendrick

##### Research and Evaluation in Literacy and Technology

Reflecting upon my personal experiences teaching mathematics to English Language Learners (ELL) in a public high school in Lincoln, Nebraska, this essay largely focuses on the time I spent as the only Accelerated Math teacher in my school building. From 2012 – 2017, I taught three different subjects at this high school: Advanced Algebra, Algebra, and Accelerated Math. This essay highlights why I chose to become a math and ELL teacher, as well as the challenges, issues, struggles, and successes I experienced during my time teaching. I focus on the challenges I faced teaching students who did not share my native ...

Resolutions Of Finite Length Modules Over Complete Intersections, Seth Lindokken May 2018

#### Resolutions Of Finite Length Modules Over Complete Intersections, Seth Lindokken

##### Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research Papers in Mathematics

The structure of free resolutions of finite length modules over regular local rings has long been a topic of interest in commutative algebra. Conjectures by Buchsbaum-Eisenbud-Horrocks and Avramov-Buchweitz predict that in this setting the minimal free resolution of the residue field should give, in some sense, the smallest possible free resolution of a finite length module. Results of Tate and Shamash describing the minimal free resolution of the residue field over a local hypersurface ring, together with the theory of matrix factorizations developed by Eisenbud and Eisenbud-Peeva, suggest analogous lower bounds for the size of free resolutions of finite length ...

Tp Matrices And Tp Completability, Duo Wang May 2018

#### Tp Matrices And Tp Completability, Duo Wang

A matrix is called totally nonnegative (TN) if the determinant of

every square submatrix is nonnegative and totally positive (TP)

if the determinant of every square submatrix is positive. The TP

(TN) completion problem asks which partial matrices have a TP

(TN) completion. In this paper, several new TP-completable pat-

terns in 3-by-n matrices are identied. The relationship between

expansion and completability is developed based on the prior re-

sults about single unspecied entry. These results extend our un-

derstanding of TP-completable patterns. A new Ratio Theorem

related to TP-completability is introduced in this paper, and it can

possibly be ...

May 2018

#### Strongly Real Conjugacy Classes In Unitary Groups Over Fields Of Even Characteristic, Tanner N. Carawan

An element $g$ of a group $G$ is called strongly real if there is an $s$ in $G$ such that $s^2 = 1$ and $sgs^{-1} = g^{-1}$. It is a fact that if $g$ in $G$ is strongly real, then every element in its conjugacy class is strongly real. Thus we can classify each conjugacy class as strongly real or not strongly real. Gates, Singh, and Vinroot have classified the strongly real conjugacy classes of U$(n, q^2)$ in the case that $q$ is odd. Vinroot and Schaeffer Fry have classified some of the conjugacy classes of U ...

May 2018

#### Counting Real Conjugacy Classes In Some Finite Classical Groups, Elena Amparo

An element $g$ in a group $G$ is real if there exists $x\in G$ such that $xgx^{-1}=g^{-1}$. If $g$ is real then all elements in the conjugacy class of $g$ are real. In \cite{GS1} and \cite{GS2}, Gill and Singh showed that the number of real $\mathrm{GL}_n(q)$-conjugacy classes contained in $\mathrm{SL}_n(q)$ equals the number of real $\mathrm{PGL}_n(q)$-conjugacy classes when $q$ is even or $n$ is odd. In this paper, we use generating functions to show that the result is also true for odd $q ... Apr 2018 #### Putting Fürer's Algorithm Into Practice With The Bpas Library, Linxiao Wang ##### Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository Fast algorithms for integer and polynomial multiplication play an important role in scientific computing as well as other disciplines. In 1971, Schönhage and Strassen designed an algorithm that improved the multiplication time for two integers of at most n bits to O(log n log log n). In 2007, Martin Fürer presented a new algorithm that runs in O (n log n · 2 ^O(log* n)) , where log*n is the iterated logarithm of n. We explain how we can put Fürer’s ideas into practice for multiplying polynomials over a prime field Z/pZ, which characteristic is a Generalized ... Upper Bound For The Number Of Distinct Eigenvalues Of A Perturbed Matrix, Sunyo Moon, Seungkook Park Apr 2018 #### Upper Bound For The Number Of Distinct Eigenvalues Of A Perturbed Matrix, Sunyo Moon, Seungkook Park ##### Electronic Journal of Linear Algebra In 2016, Farrell presented an upper bound for the number of distinct eigenvalues of a perturbed matrix. Xu (2017), and Wang and Wu (2016) introduced upper bounds which are sharper than Farrell's bound. In this paper, the upper bounds given by Xu, and Wang and Wu are improved. Range-Compatible Homomorphisms Over The Field With Two Elements, Clément De Seguins Pazzis Apr 2018 #### Range-Compatible Homomorphisms Over The Field With Two Elements, Clément De Seguins Pazzis ##### Electronic Journal of Linear Algebra Let U and V be finite-dimensional vector spaces over a field K, and S be a linear subspace of the space L(U, V ) of all linear operators from U to V. A map F : S → V is called range-compatible when F(s) ∈ Im s for all s ∈ S. Previous work has classified all the range-compatible group homomorphisms provided that codimL(U,V )S ≤ 2 dim V − 3, except in the special case when K has only two elements and codimL(U,V )S = 2 dim V − 3. This article gives a thorough treatment of that special case. The results ... Linear Algebra (Ung), Hashim Saber, Beata Hebda, Piotr Hebda, Benkam Bobga Apr 2018 #### Linear Algebra (Ung), Hashim Saber, Beata Hebda, Piotr Hebda, Benkam Bobga ##### Mathematics Grants Collections This Grants Collection for Linear Algebra was created under a Round Seven ALG Textbook Transformation Grant. Affordable Learning Georgia Grants Collections are intended to provide faculty with the frameworks to quickly implement or revise the same materials as a Textbook Transformation Grants team, along with the aims and lessons learned from project teams during the implementation process. Documents are in .pdf format, with a separate .docx (Word) version available for download. Each collection contains the following materials: • Linked Syllabus • Initial Proposal • Final Report Cayley Graphs Of Psl(2) Over Finite Commutative Rings, Kathleen Bell Apr 2018 #### Cayley Graphs Of Psl(2) Over Finite Commutative Rings, Kathleen Bell ##### Masters Theses & Specialist Projects Hadwiger's conjecture is one of the deepest open questions in graph theory, and Cayley graphs are an applicable and useful subtopic of algebra. Chapter 1 will introduce Hadwiger's conjecture and Cayley graphs, providing a summary of background information on those topics, and continuing by introducing our problem. Chapter 2 will provide necessary definitions. Chapter 3 will give a brief survey of background information and of the existing literature on Hadwiger's conjecture, Hamiltonicity, and the isoperimetric number; in this chapter we will explore what cases are already shown and what the most recent results are. Chapter 4 will ... #### An Investigation Into The Properties Of Quaternions: Their Origin, Basic Properties, Functional Analysis, And Algebraic Characteristics, James Miller ##### Masters Essays No abstract provided. Potential Stability Of Matrix Sign Patterns, Christopher Hambric Apr 2018 #### Potential Stability Of Matrix Sign Patterns, Christopher Hambric ##### Undergraduate Honors Theses The topic of matrix stability is very important for determining the stability of solutions to systems of differential equations. We examine several problems in the field of matrix stability, including minimal conditions for a$7\times7$matrix sign pattern to be potentially stable, and applications of sign patterns to the study of Turing instability in the$3\times3$case. Furthermore, some of our work serves as a model for a new method of approaching similar problems in the future. Apr 2018 #### Implementation And Analysis Of The Nonlinear Decomposition Attack On Polycyclic Groups, Yoongbok Lee ##### Undergraduate Honors Theses Around two years ago, Roman'kov introduced a new type of attack called the nonlinear decomposition attack on groups with solvable membership search problem. To analyze the precise efficiency of the algorithm, we implemented the algorithm on two protocols: semidirect product protocol and Ko-Lee protocol. Because polycyclic groups were suggested as possible platform groups in the semidirect product protocol and polycyclic groups have a solvable membership search problem, we used poly- cyclic groups as the platform group to test the attack. While the complexity could vary regarding many different factors within the group, there was always at least one exponential ... Branching Matrices For The Automorphism Group Lattice Of A Riemann Surface, Sean A. Broughton Mar 2018 #### Branching Matrices For The Automorphism Group Lattice Of A Riemann Surface, Sean A. Broughton ##### Mathematical Sciences Technical Reports (MSTR) Let S be a Riemann surface and G a large subgroup of Aut(S) (Aut(S) may be unknown). We are particularly interested in regular n-gonal surfaces, i.e., the quotient surface S/G (and hence S/Aut(S)) has genus zero. For various H the ramification information of the branched coverings S/K -> S/H may be captured in a matrix. The ramification information, in particular strong branching, may be then be used in analyzing the structure of Aut(S). The ramification information is conjugation invariant so the matrix's rows and columns may be indexed by conjugacy ... Mar 2018 #### The Hafnian And A Commutative Analogue Of The Grassmann Algebra, Dmitry Efimov ##### Electronic Journal of Linear Algebra A close relationship between the determinant, the pfaffian, and the Grassmann algebra is well-known. In this paper, a similar relation between the permanent, the hafnian, and a commutative analogue of the Grassmann algebra is described. Using the latter, some new properties of the hafnian are proved. Extremal Copositive Matrices With Zero Supports Of Cardinality N-2, Roland Hildebrand Mar 2018 #### Extremal Copositive Matrices With Zero Supports Of Cardinality N-2, Roland Hildebrand ##### Electronic Journal of Linear Algebra Let$A \in {\cal C}^n$be an exceptional extremal copositive$n \times n$matrix with positive diagonal. A zero$u$of$A$is a non-zero nonnegative vector such that$u^TAu = 0$. The support of a zero$u$is the index set of the positive elements of$u$. A zero$u$is minimal if there is no other zero$v$such that$\Supp v \subset \Supp u$strictly. Let$G$be the graph on$n$vertices which has an edge$(i,j)$if and only if$A$has a zero with support$\{1,\dots,n\} \setminus \{i,j\}$. In ... Monomial Progenitors And Related Topics, Madai Obaid Alnominy Mar 2018 #### Monomial Progenitors And Related Topics, Madai Obaid Alnominy ##### Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations The main objective of this project is to find the original symmetric presentations of some very important finite groups and to give our constructions of some of these groups. We have found the Mathieu sporadic group M11, HS × D5, where HS is the sporadic group Higman-Sim group, the projective special unitary group U(3; 5) and the projective special linear group L2(149) as homomorphic images of the monomial progenitors 11*4 :m (5 :4), 5*6 :m S5 and 149*2 :m D37. We have also discovered 24 : S3 × C2, 2 ... Progenitors, Symmetric Presentations And Constructions, Diana Aguirre Mar 2018 #### Progenitors, Symmetric Presentations And Constructions, Diana Aguirre ##### Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations Abstract In this project, we searched for new constructions and symmetric presentations of important groups, nonabelian simple groups, their automorphism groups, or groups that have these as their factor groups. My target nonabelian simple groups included sporadic groups, linear groups, and alternating groups. In addition, we discovered finite groups as homomorphic images of progenitors and proved some of their isomorphism type and original symmetric presentations. In this thesis we found original symmeric presentations of M12, J1 and the simplectic groups S(4,4) and S(3,4) on various con- trol groups. Using the technique of double coset enumeration we ... Progenitors, Symmetric Presentations, And Related Topics, Joana Viridiana Luna Mar 2018 #### Progenitors, Symmetric Presentations, And Related Topics, Joana Viridiana Luna ##### Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations Abstract A progenitor developed by Robert T. Curtis is a type of infinite groups formed by the semi-direct product of a free group m∗n and a transitive permutation group of degree n. To produce finite homomorphic images we had to add relations to the progenitor of the form 2∗n : N. In this thesis we have investigated several permutations progenitors and monomials, 2∗12 : S4, 2∗12 : S4 × 2, 2∗13 : (13 : 4), 2∗30 : ((2• : 3) : 5), 2∗13 :13,2∗13 :(13:2),2∗13 :(13:S3),53∗2 :m (13:4),7∗8 :m (32 :8 ... Algebraic Methods For The Construction Of Algebraic-Difference Equations With Desired Behavior, Lazaros Moysis, Nicholas Karampetakis Feb 2018 #### Algebraic Methods For The Construction Of Algebraic-Difference Equations With Desired Behavior, Lazaros Moysis, Nicholas Karampetakis ##### Electronic Journal of Linear Algebra For a given system of algebraic and difference equations, written as an Auto-Regressive (AR) representation$A(\sigma)\beta(k)=0$, where$\sigma $denotes the shift forward operator and$A\left( \sigma \right) $a regular polynomial matrix, the forward-backward behavior of this system can be constructed by using the finite and infinite elementary divisor structure of$A\left( \sigma \right) $. This work studies the inverse problem: Given a specific forward-backward behavior, find a family of regular or non-regular polynomial matrices$A\left( \sigma \right) $, such that the constructed system$A\left( \sigma \right) \beta \left( k\right) =0\$ has exactly the ...

Families Of Graphs With Maximum Nullity Equal To Zero Forcing Number, Joseph S. Alameda, Emelie Curl, Armando Grez, Leslie Hogben, O'Neill Kingston, Alex Schulte, Derek Young, Michael Young Feb 2018

#### Families Of Graphs With Maximum Nullity Equal To Zero Forcing Number, Joseph S. Alameda, Emelie Curl, Armando Grez, Leslie Hogben, O'Neill Kingston, Alex Schulte, Derek Young, Michael Young

##### Mathematics Publications

The maximum nullity of a simple graph G, denoted M(G), is the largest possible nullity over all symmetric real matrices whose ijth entry is nonzero exactly when fi, jg is an edge in G for i =6 j, and the iith entry is any real number. The zero forcing number of a simple graph G, denoted Z(G), is the minimum number of blue vertices needed to force all vertices of the graph blue by applying the color change rule. This research is motivated by the longstanding question of characterizing graphs G for which M(G) = Z(G). The ...

Italian Folk Multiplication Algorithm Is Indeed Better: It Is More Parallelizable, Martine Ceberio, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich Feb 2018

#### Italian Folk Multiplication Algorithm Is Indeed Better: It Is More Parallelizable, Martine Ceberio, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich

##### Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

Traditionally, many ethnic groups had their own versions of arithmetic algorithms. Nowadays, most of these algorithms are studied mostly as pedagogical curiosities, as an interesting way to make arithmetic more exciting to the kids: by applying to their patriotic feelings -- if they are studying the algorithms traditionally used by their ethic group -- or simply to their sense of curiosity. Somewhat surprisingly, we show that one of these algorithms -- a traditional Italian multiplication algorithm -- is actually in some reasonable sense better than the algorithm that we all normally use -- namely, it is easier to parallelize.

College Algebra Through Problem Solving (2018 Edition), Danielle Cifone, Karan Puri, Debra Maslanko, Ewa Dabkowska Jan 2018

#### College Algebra Through Problem Solving (2018 Edition), Danielle Cifone, Karan Puri, Debra Maslanko, Ewa Dabkowska

##### Open Educational Resources

This is a self-contained, open educational resource (OER) textbook for college algebra. Students can use the book to learn concepts and work in the book themselves. Instructors can adapt the book for use in any college algebra course to facilitate active learning through problem solving. Additional resources such as classroom assessments and online/printable homework is available from the authors.

The Relationship Between K-Forcing And K-Power Domination, Daniela Ferrero, Leslie Hogben, Franklin H.J. Kenter, Michael Young Jan 2018

#### The Relationship Between K-Forcing And K-Power Domination, Daniela Ferrero, Leslie Hogben, Franklin H.J. Kenter, Michael Young

##### Mathematics Publications

Zero forcing and power domination are iterative processes on graphs where an initial set of vertices are observed, and additional vertices become observed based on some rules. In both cases, the goal is to eventually observe the entire graph using the fewest number of initial vertices. The concept of k-power domination was introduced by Chang et al. (2012) as a generalization of power domination and standard graph domination. Independently, k-forcing was defined by Amos et al. (2015) to generalize zero forcing. In this paper, we combine the study of k-forcing and k-power domination, providing a new approach to analyze both ...

Applications Of Analysis To The Determination Of The Minimum Number Of Distinct Eigenvalues Of A Graph, Beth Bjorkman, Leslie Hogben, Scarlitte Ponce, Carolyn Reinhart, Theodore Tranel Jan 2018

#### Applications Of Analysis To The Determination Of The Minimum Number Of Distinct Eigenvalues Of A Graph, Beth Bjorkman, Leslie Hogben, Scarlitte Ponce, Carolyn Reinhart, Theodore Tranel

##### Mathematics Publications

We establish new bounds on the minimum number of distinct eigenvalues among real symmetric matrices with nonzero off-diagonal pattern described by the edges of a graph and apply these to determine the minimum number of distinct eigenvalues of several families of graphs and small graphs.