Toxicology Commons^™

Toxicological Effects And Treatment Of Accidental Ingestion Of Simparica Trio® In Felis Catus: An Investigative Review, Aussia Stander

Honors Theses

Simparica TRIO^®, a canine endectocide manufactured by Zoetis, contains sarolaner, moxidectin, and pyrantel pamoate salt in an orally administered chewable tablet. These compounds are all toxic to both cats and dogs in sufficient amounts. As Simparica TRIO^® rises in popularity among pet owners, Felis catus (felines, cats) in multi-pet households (households with both cats and dogs) are at increased risk of overdosage and toxicosis from accidental ingestion of Simparica TRIO^® due to their smaller weight.

Simparica TRIO^® is not for feline use and little literature exists on the symptoms of and treatment for accidental ingestion …

The Interaction Of Sodium Fluoride And Sodium Selenate On The Developmental Toxicity To Xenopus Laevis And Ambystoma Maculatum Embryos, Shelby Wolfram

Theses

Amphibians play critical roles in the environment's wellness. Fluoride (F) is a widely existing environmental pollutant. It is commonly known for being added to drinking water and as a topical dose on teeth. Selenium (Se) can be found in organic and inorganic forms in nature. Many different fertilizers, pesticides, insecticides, and fungicides contain sodium selenate in them. The range selenium has between deficiency and toxicity is narrow, meaning excess exposure could cause various adverse effects in aquatic organisms. Xenopus laevis is a standard model for developmental toxicity due to being minimal maintenance, cost efficient, and having transparent embryos. Xenopus makes …

Safety Of Potentised Dilutions Of Rhus Toxicodendron In Wistar Albino Rats, Abanti Goswami, Narasimha Kumar Gv, Vara Prasad Saka, Pankaj Gupta, Bibaswan Biswas, Digvijay Verma

Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy

Background: Rhus toxicodendron (Rhus tox.) is a well-known homoeopathic medicine used to treat inflammatory disorders supported by historical and modern scientific evidence. Objective: The safety testing of 6C, 30C and 200C potencies of Rhus tox. through acute and sub-acute oral toxicity tests as per the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development test guidelines. Methods: For the acute oral toxicity study, Rhus tox. (2000 μL/kg) was administered to rats and observed for 14 days. For the subacute oral toxicity study, Rhus tox. (200 μL/kg) was administered for 28 days and additional recovery groups were included to monitor reversibility, persistence, or delayed …

Toxicity Of Three Species Of The Solanaceae Family Growing In Algeria Against Culiseta Longiareolata Mosquitos 4th Stage Larvae, Saliha Benhissen, Abdelmaddjid Yagoub Asloum, Nora Belkhiri, Zakaria Hedjouli, Siham Bounadji, Wafa Habbachi, Khellaf Rebbas

Journal of Bioresource Management

Mosquitoes have always been considered a source of harm to humans and animals mainly because they can be vectors of disease. This work represents a study on the effect of aqueous extract of three plants (Hyoscyamus albus, Solanum elaeagnifolium, Solanum nigrum) of the Solanaceae family on the mortality of 4th stage larvae of Culiseta longiareolata larvae. Extract of the high impact is of S. nigrum followed by H. albus and S. elaeagnifolium, respectivley of C. longiareolata larvae.

An Acute Herb-Drug Interaction Of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex With Methotrexate Via Inhibiting Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2, Chung-Ping Yu, Pei-Ying Li, Szu-Yu Chen, Shiuan-Pey Lin, Ying-Chen Chen, Lu-Ching Ho, Yow-Wen Hsieh, Yu-Chi Hou

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex (MOC), an herbal drug, contains polyphenolic lignans mainly magnolol (MN) and honokiol (HK). Methotrexate (MTX), a critical drug for cancers and autoimmune deseases, is a substrate of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). This study investigated the effect of coadministration of MOC on the pharmacokinetics of MTX and relevant mechanisms. Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered MTX alone and with single dose (2.0 and 4.0 g/kg) and repeated seven doses of MOC (2.0 g/kg thrice daily for 2 days, the 7th dose given at 0.5 h before MTX). The serum concentrations of MTX …

An Auxiliary Strategy Of Partial Least Squares Regression In Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Studies: A Case Of Application Of Guhong Injection In Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Rats, Hai-Yang Chen, Chang Li, Chong-Yu Shao, Yu-Jia Wu, Hai-Tong Wan, Yu He

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Guhong injection (GHI) has been applied in the therapy of cardio-cerebrovascular disease in clinic, but there is no report about the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) research on GHI treating myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury in rats. In this study, eight compounds of GHI in plasma, including N-acetyl-L-glutamine (NAG), chlorogenic acid (CGA), hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), p-coumaric acid (pCA), rutin, hyperoside, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, and kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, were quantified by LC-MS/MS. We discovered that the values of t_1/2β, k₁₂, V₂, and CL₂ were larger than those of t_1/2α, k₂₁, V₁, and …

Ionizable Copolymer Functionalized Magnetic Nanocomposite As An Adsorbent For Boosting The Extraction Selectivity Of Aristolochic Acids, Qi-Yue Xie, Yang Chen, Chang-Jun Li, Jia-Bin Zhang, Xiu-Jun Cao, Jun Lu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) has drawn increasing public attention. Organic anion transporters (OATs) are considered to be responsible for mediating nephrotoxicity of aristolochic acids (AAs), as AAs are typical OAT1 substrates that exhibit anionic properties and contain one hydrophobic domain. Inspired by the OAT1 three-dimensional structure or substrate/protein interactions involved in transport, we designed a magnetic polymeric hybrid, mimicking the effect of basic and aromatic residues of OAT1, for efficient enriching aristolochic acid I (AA I) and aristolochic acid II (AA II) in Traditional Chinese patent medicines (TCPM). N, N-dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide (DMAPAm) was used as a cationic monomer and copolymerized …

Effect Of Indian Gooseberry Extract On Improving Methylglyoxal-Associated Leptin Resistance In Peripheral Tissues Of High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats, Sheng-Yi Chen, Yue-Ning Huang, Jer-An Lin, Gow-Chin Yen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Increased leptin resistance and methylglyoxal (MG) levels are observed in obese patients. However, whether MG deposits contribute to leptin resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammation in peripheral tissues remains unclear. In addition, the edible fruit of Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica L.) contains abundant bioactive components such asvitamin C, β-glucogallin (β-glu), gallic acid (GA), and ellagic acid (EA). Water extract of Indian gooseberry fruit (WEIG) and GA has been shown to improve cognitive decline by suppressing brain MG-induced insulin resistance in rats administered a high-fat diet (HFD). Accordingly, this study investigated the functions of WEIG and GA in inhibiting MG-induced leptin …

Pomelo (Citrus Grandis (L.) Osbeck) Sponge Layers As A Potential Source Of Soluble Dietary Fiber: Evaluation Of Its Physicochemical, Structural And Functional Properties, Xiaowei Chen, Jiajia Chen, Jian Peng, Yuanshan Yu, Jijun Wu, Jing Wen, Zhiying Kang, Yanhui Wang, Yujuan Xu, Lu Li

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Pomelo sponge layer (PSL) had been considered as a potential source of soluble dietary fiber (SDF), while they were mostly disposed of as waste. To promote high-value utilization of pomelo wastes, this study extracted SDF from PSL of six varieties of pomelo, and their physicochemical, structural and functional properties were investigated. Results indicated that all PSL-SDFs showed good physicochemical and functional properties. Among them, PSL-SDF from grapefruit (GRSDF) showed better water holding capacity and swelling capacity, whereas Shatian pomelo PSL-SDF and Guanxi pomelo PSL-SDF had the highest thermal stability and oil holding capacity, respectively. Furthermore, compared with other PSL-SDFs, GRSDF …

Trans-2-Nonadecyl-4-(Hydroxymethyl)-1,3-Dioxolane (Tnhd) Purified From Freshwater Clams Markedly Alleviates Dimethylnitrosamine-Induced Hepatic Fibrosis, Ya-Ru Kuo, Chen-Yu Tsai, Wei-Sheng Lin, Chi-I Chang, Ching-Shu Lai, Min-Hsiung Pan

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Liver fibrosis occurs due to injury or inflammation, which results in the excessive production of collagen and the formation of fibrotic scar tissue that impairs liver function. Despite the limited treatment options available, freshwater clams may hold promise in the treatment of liver fibrosis. In this study, we demonstrated the effects of ethanol extract of freshwater clam (FCE), ethyl acetate extract of FCE (EA-FCE), and trans-2-nonadecyl-4-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-dioxolane (TNHD) on liver fibrosis induced by dimethylnitrosamine (DMN). Administration of FCE and TNHD alleviated liver injury, including tissue damage, necrosis, inflammation scores, fibrosis scores, serum enzymes, and triglyceride levels. Furthermore, we analyzed the expression …

Comparing Effects Of Atrazine Exposure On Neuroendocrine Molecular Targets At Two Developmental Exposure Periods In The Zebrafish, Jenna Swihart

The Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research

No abstract provided.

Lake Water Chemistry And Local Adaptation Shape Nacl Toxicity In Daphnia Ambigua, Mary Alta Rogalski, Elizabeth S. Baker, Clara M. Benadon

Biology Faculty Publications

Increasing application of road deicing agents (e.g., NaCl) has caused widespread salinization of freshwater environments. Chronic exposure to toxic NaCl levels can impact freshwater biota at genome to ecosystem scales, yet the degree of harm caused by road salt pollution is likely to vary among habitats and populations. The background ion chemistry of freshwater environments may strongly impact NaCl toxicity, with greater harm occurring in ion-poor, soft water conditions. In addition, populations exposed to salinization may evolve increased NaCl tolerance. Notably, if organisms are adapted to their natal lake water chemistry, toxicity responses may also vary among populations in a …

Lead Bioaccessibility And Commonly Measured Soil Characteristics (Detroit, Mi, Usa) – Phase 1, Sabrina R. Good, Allison R. Harris, Patrick Crouch, Conor T. Gowan, William D. Shuster, Shawn P. Mcelmurry

Open Data at Wayne State

Contaminated urban soil is one of the major contributors to child Pb exposure. To gain a better understanding of Pb risk in urban areas, composite samples were collected from 142 residential, privately owned, parcels in Detroit, Hamtramck, and Highland Park, Michigan, with approval from the property owners. The proximity of soil sampling and former smelter locations were also reported. Sample were collected from areas covered with turf grass. Four samples were collected, one from each cardinal direction (north, south, east, and west), 20 cm from an aluminum tent stake driven into the center of the sampling site. Soils were collected …

Aversion Properties Of Retrorsine, Retrorsine Nitrogen Oxide And Frosted Senecio Latifolius, Leendert D. Snyman

Poisonous Plant Research (PPR)

Two pilot trials, investigating the aversive properties of retrorsine and retrorsine nitrogen oxide and that of frosted Senecio latifolius, were executed. Retrorsine and retrorsine-NO (the toxic principles of Senecio retrorsus), unlke sceleratine-NO (the toxic principle of another hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid containing plant, namely S. latifolius), were not capable of establishing aversion when given to a sheep. Frosted S. latifolius given to a sheep also did not induce aversion. However, a sheep averted to S. latifolius (non-frosted) refused eating frosted S. latifolius.

Sceleratin Nitrogen Oxide As Aversive Agent In Conditioning Livestock To Avoid Senecio Latifolius, Leendert D. Snyman

Poisonous Plant Research (PPR)

Sceleratine nitrogen oxide, when administered together with a dichloromethane extract of Senecio latifolius, successfully conditioned cattle and sheep to avoid milled freeze dried S. latifolius mixed with maize meal. This treatment was effectively applied in conditioning steers to refuse eating S. latifolius grown in pots.

Corrigendum To "Ssr-Based Molecular Diagnosis For Taiwan Tea Cultivars And Its Application In Identifying Cultivar Composition Of The Processed Tea"

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

No abstract provided.

Acknowledgment Of Reviewers

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

No abstract provided.

Application Of The Us Food And Drug Administration’S Sentinel Routine Querying Tools To The Taiwan Sentinel Data Model-Formatted National Health Insurance Research Database, Fang-Ju Lin, Ling-Ya Huang, Chi-Chuan Wang, Sengwee Toh

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s Sentinel System is a leading distributed data network for drug safety surveillance in the world. The National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) in Taiwan was converted into the Taiwan Sentinel Data Model (TSDM) based on the Sentinel Common Data Model (SCDM) version 6.0.2. The goal of this study was to investigate the feasibility of applying the same study designs, analytic choices, and analytic tools as used by the U.S. Sentinel System to examine the same drug-outcome associations in the TSDM-formatted NHIRD. Four known drug-outcome associations previously examined by the U.S. Sentinel System were selected …

Isolation Of Glp-1 Enhancing Indolizidine Alkaloids From Boehmeria Formosana, Ching-Yi Lu, Zheng-Ying Huang, Meng-Chin Chen, Hui-Kang Liu, Shoei-Sheng Lee, Chia-Chuan Chang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Boehmeria formosana, with its related species, demonstrates anti-glycemic effect, inhibition of HBV production, anti-cancer activities, etc. Some indolizidine alkaloids from the same genus are bioactive but sensitive to light. To overcome this problem and obtain more phenanthroindolizidine alkaloids, isolation was performed in darkness, yielding 10 new indolizidine alkaloids and 17 known compounds. Among them, seven enhanced glucagon-like receptor 1 (GLP-1) activity at 50 mM, especially 14 and 6 (3.5- and 2.3-fold than the negative control). This procedure yielded bioactive indolizidine alkaloids with novel structures.

An Integrated Strategy To Evaluate Active Substances Of Astragali Radix-Carthami Flos Combination On The Treatment Of Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion Injury Based On Tqsm Polypharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics, Qiang Zeng, Chang Li, Shouchao Xu, Yu He

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

As a classic herb pair, Astragali Radix-Carthami Flos (AR-CF) has revealed good biological activity in the treatment of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CI/RI), which remained to be further clarified together with the underlying efficacy related compounds for material basis. In this study, the nine formulations were obtained by L₉(3⁴) orthogonal array design of four active fractions (saponin and flavonoid extracted from AR, safflower yellow and safflower red extracted from CF). The concentrations of eleven components and the levels of four biochemical indicators in rat plasma were continuously detected after intragastric administration of nine formulations, respectively. The collected …