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Articles 31 - 60 of 656
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
A Preliminary Investigation Of The Effect Of Massage On State Body Image, Bonnie Dunigan, Teresa King, Brendan Morse
A Preliminary Investigation Of The Effect Of Massage On State Body Image, Bonnie Dunigan, Teresa King, Brendan Morse
Brendan J. Morse
Evidence suggests positive effects of massage on psychological health; however, little is known about the effects of massage on body image. This research examined the effect of massage on state body image as well as relations between trait body image and attitudes toward massage. Forty-nine female university students were randomly assigned to either a massage condition or a control condition. It was hypothesized that participants in the massage condition would report improved state body image following the intervention when compared to participants in the control condition. As predicted, participants in the massage condition reported a more favorable state body image …
Individual Growth Curves Of Frequency Of Sexual Intercourse Among Urban, Adolescent, African American Youth: Results From The Champ Basic Study, Christian Delucia, Roberta Paikoff, Grayson Holmbeck
Individual Growth Curves Of Frequency Of Sexual Intercourse Among Urban, Adolescent, African American Youth: Results From The Champ Basic Study, Christian Delucia, Roberta Paikoff, Grayson Holmbeck
Grayson Holmbeck
In the current study we examined individual growth curves of frequency of sexual intercourse among a sample of urban, low-income, African American youth at increased risk for subsequent HIV/AIDS exposure. Three waves of longitudinal data from the Collaborative HIV-Prevention Adolescent Mental Health (CHAMP) project were utilized. Participant ages ranged from 9 to 12 years (M = 11 years) at the first interview wave and from 15 to 19 years (M = 18 years) at the final interview wave. As such, we were able to map out true developmental trajectories of sexual intercourse over a 10-year period of adolescence (spanning ages …
A Closer Look At Self-Esteem, Perceived Social Support, And Coping Strategy: A Prospective Study Of Depressive Symptomatology Across The Transition To College, Catherine Lee, Daniel Dickson, Colleen Conley, Grayson Holmbeck
A Closer Look At Self-Esteem, Perceived Social Support, And Coping Strategy: A Prospective Study Of Depressive Symptomatology Across The Transition To College, Catherine Lee, Daniel Dickson, Colleen Conley, Grayson Holmbeck
Grayson Holmbeck
The first year of college is a significant life transition, which is often characterized by stress and may contribute to the development or exacerbation of depressive symptoms. Due to the considerable negative outcomes that are associated with depressive symptoms across the lifespan, it is important to understand the mechanisms and pathways through which depressive symptoms arise. This prospective study examines the mediating and moderating roles of perceived social support and disengagement coping on the association between self-esteem and depressive symptomatology in a sample of 1,118 first-year college students. Results of longitudinal cross-lagged path analyses indicate that self-esteem predicts depressive symptomatology …
Use Of An Observational Coding System With Families Of Adolescents: Psychometric Properties Among Pediatric And Healthy Populations, Astrida Kaugars, Kathy Zebracki, Jessica Kichler, Christopher Fitzgerald, Rachel Greenley, Ramin Alemzadeh, Grayson Holmbeck
Use Of An Observational Coding System With Families Of Adolescents: Psychometric Properties Among Pediatric And Healthy Populations, Astrida Kaugars, Kathy Zebracki, Jessica Kichler, Christopher Fitzgerald, Rachel Greenley, Ramin Alemzadeh, Grayson Holmbeck
Grayson Holmbeck
Objective: To examine reliability and validity data for the Family Interaction Macro-coding System (FIMS) with adolescents with spina bifida (SB), adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), and healthy adolescents and their families.Methods: Sixty-eight families of children with SB, 58 families of adolescents with T1DM, and 68 families in a healthy comparison group completed family interaction tasks and self-report questionnaires. Trained coders rated family interactions using the FIMS.Results: Acceptable interrater and scale reliabilities were obtained for FIMS items and subscales. Observed FIMS parental acceptance, parental behavioral control, parental psychological control, family cohesion, and family conflict scores demonstrated convergent validity with …
A Conceptual Affective Design Framework For The Use Of Emotions In Computer Game Design, Penny De Byl
A Conceptual Affective Design Framework For The Use Of Emotions In Computer Game Design, Penny De Byl
Penny de Byl
The purpose of this strategy of inquiry is to understand how emotions influence gameplay and to review contemporary techniques to design for them in the aim of devising a model that brings current disparate parts of the game design process together. Emotions sit at the heart of a game player’s level of engagement. They are evoked across many of the components that facilitate gameplay including the interface, the player’s avatar, non-player characters and narrative. Understanding the role of emotion in creating truly immersive and believable environments is critical for game designers. After discussing a taxonomy of emotion, this paper will …
The Influence Of Gender, Anxiety And Food Cravings On Alcohol Use Within A University Population, Jaques Marissa, Peta Stapleton
The Influence Of Gender, Anxiety And Food Cravings On Alcohol Use Within A University Population, Jaques Marissa, Peta Stapleton
Peta B. Stapleton
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of gender, anxiety and food cravings on alcohol use within a university population. University students (N = 150) completed a survey containing a demographic questionnaire, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, the State Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Food Cravings Inventory. Results revealed gender was a significant predictor of alcohol use in university students, with males reporting greater levels of alcohol consumption than females. Food cravings were also observed to be a significant predictor of alcohol use in university students, independent of gender. Unexpectedly, state and trait anxiety failed to significantly predict …
Psychological Capital As Mediator Between Adaptive Perfectionism And Academic Procrastination, Richard Hicks, Fiona Wu
Psychological Capital As Mediator Between Adaptive Perfectionism And Academic Procrastination, Richard Hicks, Fiona Wu
Richard Hicks
Research on perfectionism and separately on procrastination is extensive and both are related in general to negative consequences. However, there has been little research on different forms of perfectionism (maladaptive vs adaptive) and the relationships with procrastination. One study (Seo, 2008) has suggested that self-efficacy mediates between adaptive perfectionism and procrastination in academic settings and leads to more productive outcomes. Identifying further such positive productive factors may prove useful in helping individuals deal with their perfectionism and-or their procrastination tendencies. Positive psychological capital (PsyCap) may be one such other mediator, as PsyCap involves not only self-efficacy but also resilience, hope …
Cognitive Failures At Work, Mindfulness, And The Big Five, Karen Klockner, Richard Hicks
Cognitive Failures At Work, Mindfulness, And The Big Five, Karen Klockner, Richard Hicks
Richard Hicks
Cognitive failures at work (or errors in the workplace including blunders and memory lapses), can lead to considerable personal and organisational damage, even damage well beyond national borders in some organisations. Workplace errors may have a personality base; and mindfulness (or mindlessness) also appears to be related to workplace errors generally. Given the importance and cost of errors in the workplace it is of concern that no previous research appears to have addressed the relationships between cognitive failures at work, personality and mindfulness together. We aimed to address this gap. We administered the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire, the Mindful Attention Awareness …
Psychological Well-Being And Its Relationships With Active And Passive Procrastination, Emily Habelrih, Richard Hicks
Psychological Well-Being And Its Relationships With Active And Passive Procrastination, Emily Habelrih, Richard Hicks
Richard Hicks
Procrastination affects many people and impacts overall effectiveness of individuals and organisations. While some studies have examined the correlates of procrastination in terms of impacts on well-being (including depression and anxiety) and on performance, few studies have examined procrastination as a dichotomous construct, with most seeing procrastination as unifactorial. One such study defining procrastination as dichotomous was that of Chu and Choi (2005). The current study examines how psychological well-being is related to the concepts of active procrastination and passive (traditional) procrastination. Active and passive procrastination are related insignificantly to each other (we are not dealing with one dimension); but …
Setting Lower Limits High: The Role Of Boundary Goals In Achievement Motivation., Katherine Corker
Setting Lower Limits High: The Role Of Boundary Goals In Achievement Motivation., Katherine Corker
Katherine S. Corker
Boundary goals specify the minimum performance level that an individual must attain to subjectively experience success. The present research integrates boundary goals into the hierarchical model of achievement motivation (A. J. Elliot, 2006) by positing that boundary goals are a subgoal in the goal hierarchy. The authors predicted that performance approach goals would be associated with higher boundary goals, whereas performance avoidance goals would be associated with lower boundary goals. The authors further predicted that boundary goals would mediate the association between achievement goals and performance, independent of other target goals (i.e., levels of aspiration). The authors also evaluated whether …
A Self-Regulatory Framework For Message Framing, Katherine Corker
A Self-Regulatory Framework For Message Framing, Katherine Corker
Katherine S. Corker
After several decades of research on message framing, there is still no clear and consistent answer to the question of when emphasizing positive or negative outcomes in a persuasive message will be most effective. Whereas early framing research considered the type of recommended behavior (health-affirming vs. illness-detection) to be the determining factor, more recent research has looked to individual differences to answer this question. In this paper, we incorporate both approaches under a single framework. The framework describes the multiple self-regulatory levels at which a message can be framed and predicts when framing at each level will be most effective. …
High Quality Direct Replications Matter: Response To Williams, Katherine Corker
High Quality Direct Replications Matter: Response To Williams, Katherine Corker
Katherine S. Corker
We respond to Williams’ (2014) comments on our three failures to replicate of Study 2 from Williams and Bargh (2008). We clarify our conclusions on this topic, making clear that although the results of our studies cast doubt on the specific effect reported in Williams and Bargh (i.e., that instant hot and cold packs influence choice of reward for self or friend), a more complete understanding of the embodiment hypothesis in question requires consideration of relevant conceptual replications. Accordingly, we consider the strength of the evidence in the conceptual replications that Williams identifies and find that small samples appear to …
Conscientiousness In The Classroom: A Process Explanation., Katherine Corker
Conscientiousness In The Classroom: A Process Explanation., Katherine Corker
Katherine S. Corker
Although the research literature has established that Conscientiousness predicts task performance across a variety of achievement contexts (e.g., ; ), comparatively less is known about the processes that underlie these relations. To the latter end, the current research examines effortful strategies and achievement goals as mediating factors that might explain why people with higher levels of Conscientiousness are predicted to reach higher levels of academic performance. In a longitudinal study, 347 college students completed measures of personality and achievement goals at the beginning of the class, followed by measures of effortful strategies multiple times throughout the semester. Results support the …
The Development Of Achievement Goals Throughout College, Katherine Corker
The Development Of Achievement Goals Throughout College, Katherine Corker
Katherine S. Corker
Emerging adulthood, defined for many by the college years, is an active period of personality development; less is known about goal change during these years. We investigated stability and change in the 2 × 2 model of achievement goals over 4 years (N = 527). We evaluated rank-order stability and mean-level change, and testedgoal coupling hypotheses—the idea that early changes in goals predict later change in other goals—using multivariate latent difference score models. Achievement goals showed moderate rank-order stability over 4 years. Three of four goals demonstrated small normative declines, excepting performance approach goals. A change in mastery approach goals …
Replication Of ‘‘Experiencing Physical Warmth Promotes Interpersonal Warmth’’ By Williams And Bargh, Katie Corker
Replication Of ‘‘Experiencing Physical Warmth Promotes Interpersonal Warmth’’ By Williams And Bargh, Katie Corker
Katherine S. Corker
We report the results of three high-powered, independent replications of Study 2 from Williams and Bargh (2008). Participants evaluated hot or cold instant therapeutic packs before choosing a reward for participation that was framed as a prosocial (i.e., treat for a friend) or self-interested reward (i.e., treat for the self). Williams and Bargh predicted that evaluating the hot pack would lead to a higher probability of making a prosocial choice compared to evaluating the cold pack. We did not replicate the effect in any individual laboratory or when considering the results of the three replications together (total N = 861). …
Positive Goals Build Positive Communities: Resident Assistants And Intrinsic Motivation, Patrick Ewell
Positive Goals Build Positive Communities: Resident Assistants And Intrinsic Motivation, Patrick Ewell
Patrick Ewell
The speakers in this symposium present a collection of studies that examine Self-Determination Theory (SDT: Deci & Ryan, 1985) in a variety of new contexts. Generally, SDT attempts to explain how and why people engage in particular behaviors and the effect these processes have on personal growth and well-being. In the first talk, Smith and colleagues examine meaning in life as a possible compliment to the three needs proposed by SDT (autonomy, competence, relatedness), finding that it predicts positive daily well-being and self-evaluation, even when controlling for the three original needs. Ewell and colleagues show that the SDT tenets of …
The Presence Of Risk Factors For Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus In Underserved Preschool Children, Patrick Ewell
The Presence Of Risk Factors For Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus In Underserved Preschool Children, Patrick Ewell
Patrick Ewell
This study identified risk factors (ie, high-risk racial/ethnic group, overweight/obesity, elevated blood pressure, elevated casual blood glucose, and the presence of acanthosis nigricans) for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in underserved children with or without a family history of diabetes during annual preschool health screenings. Early identification of risk factors for the development of T2DM will allow for effective interventions to be implemented, thus, improving the long-term health-related quality of life of at-risk children.
Virtually Justifiable Homicide: The Effects Of Prosocial Contexts On The Link Between Violent Video Games, Aggression, And Prosocial And Hostile Cognition, Patrick Ewell
Patrick Ewell
Previous work has shown that playing violent video games can stimulate aggression toward others. The current research has identified a potential exception. Participants who played a violent game in which the violence had an explicitly prosocial motive (i.e., protecting a friend and furthering his nonviolent goals) were found to show lower short‐term aggression (Study 1) and show higher levels of prosocial cognition (Study 2) than individuals who played a violent game in which the violence was motivated by more morally ambiguous motives. Thus, violent video games that are framed in an explicitly prosocial context may evoke more prosocial sentiments and …
Using Priming To Study Social Categorization, Jerzy Karylowski, Harry Wallace, Michael Motes, Diana Liempd, Stephanie Eicher
Using Priming To Study Social Categorization, Jerzy Karylowski, Harry Wallace, Michael Motes, Diana Liempd, Stephanie Eicher
Harry M. Wallace
Do people spontaneously categorize stereotypically masculine and stereotypically feminine trait and job labels according to gender? The present experiment provided a methodologically stringent test of automatic gender-based categorization using a modification of a semantic priming methodology. Subjects processing goals were manipulated by asking questions about primes that either did or did not require semantic processing. Results provide support for a spontaneous gender-based categorization of trait labels regardless of the processing goals. However, semantic processing goals appear to be necessary for a spontaneous gender-based categorization of job labels.
How Judgments Change Following Comparison Of Current And Prior Information, Dolores Albarracin, Harry Wallace, William Hart, Rick Brown
How Judgments Change Following Comparison Of Current And Prior Information, Dolores Albarracin, Harry Wallace, William Hart, Rick Brown
Harry M. Wallace
Although much observed judgment change is superficial and occurs without considering prior information, other forms of change also occur. Comparison between prior and new information about an issue may trigger change by influencing either or both the perceived strength and direction of the new information. In four experiments, participants formed and reported initial judgments of a policy based on favorable written information about it. Later, these participants read a second passage containing strong favorable or unfavorable information on the policy. Compared to control conditions, subtle and direct prompts to compare the initial and new information led to more judgment change …
When People Evaluate Others, The Level Of Others’ Narcissism Matters Less To Evaluators Who Are Narcissistic, Harry Wallace, Andrew Grotzinger, Tyler Howard, Nousha Parkhill
When People Evaluate Others, The Level Of Others’ Narcissism Matters Less To Evaluators Who Are Narcissistic, Harry Wallace, Andrew Grotzinger, Tyler Howard, Nousha Parkhill
Harry M. Wallace
Prior studies have documented how people in general respond to others’ narcissism, but existing research offers few clues about whether and how evaluator narcissism influences judgments of traits associated with narcissism. Participants completed the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and then evaluated hypothetical target persons. Target narcissism was conveyed through a single trait description (Study 1), a list of traits (Study 2), or Facebook content (Study 3). Narcissistic qualities were reliably viewed unfavorably, but narcissistic participants were comparatively less bothered by target narcissism and less positive in their judgments of targets without narcissistic qualities. In each study, symptoms of the presence or …
Clinical Data Warehousing For Evidence Based Decision Making, Lekha Narra, Tony Sahama, Peta Stapleton
Clinical Data Warehousing For Evidence Based Decision Making, Lekha Narra, Tony Sahama, Peta Stapleton
Peta B. Stapleton
Large volumes of heterogeneous health data silos pose a big challenge when exploring for information to allow for evidence based decision making and ensuring quality outcomes. In this paper, we present a proof of concept for adopting data warehousing technology to aggregate and analyse disparate health data in order to understand the impact various lifestyle factors on obesity. We present a practical model for data warehousing with detailed explanation which can be adopted similarly for studying various other health issues.
Progress And Process: Accreditation For Gerontology, Harvey Sterns
Progress And Process: Accreditation For Gerontology, Harvey Sterns
Harvey L. Sterns
No abstract provided.
Caring More And Knowing More Reduces Age-Related Differences In Emotion Perception., Jennifer Stanley, Derek Isaacowitz
Caring More And Knowing More Reduces Age-Related Differences In Emotion Perception., Jennifer Stanley, Derek Isaacowitz
Jennifer T Stanley
Traditional emotion perception tasks show that older adults are less accurate than are young adults at recognizing facial expressions of emotion. Recently, we proposed that socioemotional factors might explain why older adults seem impaired in lab tasks but less so in everyday life (Isaacowitz & Stanley, 2011). Thus, in the present research we empirically tested whether socioemotional factors such as motivation and familiarity can alter this pattern of age effects. In 1 task, accountability instructions eliminated age differences in the traditional emotion perception task. Using a novel emotion perception paradigm featuring spontaneous dynamic facial expressions of a familiar romantic partner …
Age-Related Differences In Judgments Of Inappropriate Behavior Are Related To Humor Style Preferences, Jennifer Stanley, Monika Lohani, Derek Isaacowitz
Age-Related Differences In Judgments Of Inappropriate Behavior Are Related To Humor Style Preferences, Jennifer Stanley, Monika Lohani, Derek Isaacowitz
Jennifer T Stanley
Identifying social gaffes is important for maintaining relationships. Older adults are less able than young to discriminate between socially appropriate and inappropriate behavior in video clips. One open question is how these social appropriateness ratings relate to potential age differences in the perception of what is actually funny or not. In the present study, young, middle-aged, and older adults were equally able to discriminate between appropriate and inappropriate social behavior in a diverse set of clips relevant across age groups. However, young and middle-aged adults rated the gaffe clips as funnier than control clips and young adults smiled more during …
Examining Men’S Status Shield And Status Bonus: How Gender Frames The Emotional Labor And Job Satisfaction Of Nurses, Marci Cottingham, Rebecca Erickson, James Diefendorff
Examining Men’S Status Shield And Status Bonus: How Gender Frames The Emotional Labor And Job Satisfaction Of Nurses, Marci Cottingham, Rebecca Erickson, James Diefendorff
James M. Diefendorff
(Hochschild 1983) coined the term status shield to theorize men’s status-based protection from the emotional abuses of working in a service job and hence their diminished need to manage emotions as compared to women. Extending this concept, the current study examines how gender operates not merely to shield men from emotional labor on the job but to also shape the relationship between emotional labor and job satisfaction. Using survey data collected from 730 registered nurses (667 women and 63 men) at a large Midwestern hospital system in the U.S., we show that in addition to engaging in less emotional labor …
Leader–Member Exchange And Job Performance: The Effects Of Taking Charge And Organizational Tenure, Tae-Yeol Kim, Zhi Liu, James Diefendorff
Leader–Member Exchange And Job Performance: The Effects Of Taking Charge And Organizational Tenure, Tae-Yeol Kim, Zhi Liu, James Diefendorff
James M. Diefendorff
We theorized and tested the mechanisms by which leader–member exchange (LMX) quality is associated with job performance. The results obtained using 212 employee–supervisor pairs from eight Chinese companies indicated that LMX quality had an indirect and positive relationship with taking charge via psychological empowerment and had an indirect and positive relationship with job performance via taking charge. In addition, organizational tenure significantly moderated the relationship between taking charge and job performance, such that the positive effect of taking charge on job performance became weaker as organizational tenure increased. Furthermore, organizational tenure significantly moderated the indirect positive relationship between LMX quality …
Leader Humility In Singapore, Burak Oc, Michael Bashshur, Michael Daniels, Gary Greguras, James Diefendorff
Leader Humility In Singapore, Burak Oc, Michael Bashshur, Michael Daniels, Gary Greguras, James Diefendorff
James M. Diefendorff
The theoretical development and empirical testing of the effects of humility in the organizational sciences is surprisingly rare. This is especially pronounced in the study of leadership in Asian contexts. To address this we employ a qualitative approach to examine the conceptualization of leader humility in Singapore and assess whether this conceptualization differs from other emerging conceptualizations of leader humility. In Study 1, using semi-structured interviews of 25 Singaporeans, we identified nine major dimensions of humble leader behaviors and explored our participants' beliefs about culturally-based differences in leader humility. In Study 2 (N = 307), we generalized our findings to …
The Effects Of Intrinsic And Extrinsic Sources Of Motivation On Well-Being Depend On Time Of Day: The Moderating Effects Of Workday Accumulation, Alison Benedetti, James Diefendorff, Allison Gabriel, Megan Chandler
The Effects Of Intrinsic And Extrinsic Sources Of Motivation On Well-Being Depend On Time Of Day: The Moderating Effects Of Workday Accumulation, Alison Benedetti, James Diefendorff, Allison Gabriel, Megan Chandler
James M. Diefendorff
Using self-determination theory and research on temporal aspects of work (e.g., time of day), this study investigates dynamic effects of task-specific motivation on well-being throughout the workday. We argue that the effects of task-specific intrinsic and extrinsic motivations on well-being outcomes (psychological vitality, job satisfaction) depend on the time of day in which the task is encountered, referred to here as workday accumulation. Our results showed that time of day interacted with intrinsic sources of motivation to predict job satisfaction, such that the relation was strong and positive early in the day and weak and positive later in the day. …
Assessing Critical Consciousness In Youth And Young Adults, Anita Thomas, Rabiatu Barrie, John Brunner, Angela Clawson, Amber Hewitt, Gihane Brink, Meghan Johnson
Assessing Critical Consciousness In Youth And Young Adults, Anita Thomas, Rabiatu Barrie, John Brunner, Angela Clawson, Amber Hewitt, Gihane Brink, Meghan Johnson
Amber A Hewitt
The purpose of this study is to develop a scale to assess critical consciousness to be used as an assessment tool for assessing critical consciousness levels of individuals: first for prevention work, including programs that foster multicultural awareness and sensitivity, rites of passages, or racial socialization programs; and second for clinical work. The Critical Consciousness Inventory (CCI) is a nine-item scale using a Guttman model of scaling. Two hundred participants of varying ethnic/racial backgrounds completed the scale. Psychometric properties of the scale are included. The scale differentiates individuals at diverse levels of critical consciousness development. The CCI is related to …