Psychology Commons^™

Bimanual Reaching Across The Hemispace: Which Hand Is Yoked To Which?, Gavin Buckingham, Gordon Binsted, David Carey

Gavin Buckingham

When both hands perform concurrent goal-directed reaches, they become yoked to one another. To investigate the direction of this coupling (i.e., which hand is yoked to which), the temporal dynamics of bimanual reaches were compared with equivalent-amplitude unimanual reaches. These reaches were to target pairs located on either the left or right sides of space; meaning that in the bimanual condition, one hand's contralateral (more difficult) reach accompanied by the other hand's ipsilateral (easier) reach. By comparing which hand's difficult reach was improved more by the presence of the other hand's easier ipsilateral reach, we were able to demonstrate asymmetries …

Intrapsychic Correlates Of Professional Quality Of Life: Mindfulness, Empathy, And Emotional Separation, Jacky Thomas, Melanie Otis

Jacky T. Thomas

Research examining stress disorders provides important information about professional and workplace variables with the potential to influence practitioners‘ risk for compassion fatigue and burnout. However, little attention is given to intrapersonal skills or abilities that might function to reduce risk by increasing resilience and improving work satisfaction, but without jeopardizing practitioners‘ empathic engagement and effective treatment relationships with clients. This study uses a random sample of licensed clinical social workers (N= 171) to examine relationships of mindfulness, empathy, and emotional separation to several aspects of professional quality of life, including compassion fatigue, burnout, and compassion satisfaction. Data are analyzed using …

Effects Of Acute Alcohol Consumption On Executive Cognitive Functioning In Naturalistic Settings, Michael Lyvers, Juliette Tobias-Webb

Mike Lyvers

Laboratory studies have demonstrated that acute alcohol intoxication can disrupt performance on neuropsychological tests of executive cognitive functioning such as the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). However, the generalizability of such findings to typical self-regulated alcohol intake in social settings can be questioned. In the present study, 86 young adults were recruited at Australian bars to perform a computer version of the WCST. Participants displayed blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) across a range from 0 to 0.15%. Although self-report measures of typical alcohol consumption, impulsivity, and frontal lobe related everyday functioning were all intercorrelated in line with other recent findings, multiple …

A Confirmatory Factor Analysis Of The Toronto Alexithymia Scale (Tas-20) In An Alcohol-Dependent Sample, Fred Thorberg, Ross Young, Karen Sullivan, Michael Lyvers, Cameron Hurst, Jason Connor, Gerald Feeney

Mike Lyvers

Objective: To explore the factorial validity of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) in an alcohol dependent population. Methods: Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted using structural equation modelling to evaluate the stability of the factor structure of the TAS-20. Based on previously reported factor structures, 1-factor, 2-factor and 3-factor models were examined, using maximum likelihood estimation. Results: Four of the five fit indices considered indicated a superior fit for the 3-factor model compared to the 2-factor and 1-factor models. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the original 3-factor model of the TAS-20 was a more plausible fit to the data compared to …

The Influence Of Competing Perceptual And Motor Priors In The Context Of The Size-Weight Illusion, Gavin Buckingham, Melvyn Goodale

Gavin Buckingham

When lifting objects of identical mass but different sizes, people perceive the smaller objects as weighing more than the larger ones (the 'size-weight' illusion, SWI). While individual's grip and load force rates are rapidly scaled to the objects' actual mass, the magnitude of the force used to lift these SWI-inducing objects is rarely discussed. Here, we show that participants continue to apply a greater loading force to a large SWI-inducing cube than to a small SWI cube, lift after lift. These differences in load force persisted long after initial errors in grip and load force rates had been corrected. Interestingly, …

On The Number Of Trials Necessary For Stabilization Of Error-Related Brain Activity Across The Life Span, Jason Themanson, Matthew Pontifex, Mark Scudder, Michael Brown, Kevin O'Leary, Chien-Ting Wu, Charles Hillman

Jason R. Themanson, Ph.D

The minimum number of trials necessary to accurately characterize the error-related negativity (ERN) and the error positivity (Pe) across the life span was investigated using samples of preadolescent children, college-age young adults, and older adults. Event-related potentials and task performance were subsequently measured during a modified flanker task. Response-locked averages were created using sequentially increasing errors of commission in blocks of two. Findings indicated that across all age cohorts ERN and Pe were not significantly different relative to the within-participants grand average after six trials. Further, results indicated that the ERN and Pe exhibited excellent internal reliability in preadolescent children …

The Mentoring Relationship: Co-Creating Personal And Professional Growth, Robin G. Gayle

Robin G. Gayle

Positive Behavior Support And High School Transition, Hank Bohanon, C. Johnson

Hank Bohanon

No abstract provided.

Gating Of Vibrotactile Detection During Visually Guided Bimanual Reaches, Gavin Buckingham, David Carey, Francisco Colino, John Degrosbois, Gordon Binsted

Gavin Buckingham

It is far more difficult to detect a small tactile stimulation on a finger that is moving compared to when it is static. This suppression of tactile information during motion, known as tactile gating, has been examined in some detail during single-joint movements. However, the existence and time course of this gating has yet to be examined during visually guided multi-joint reaches, where sensory feedback may be paramount. The current study demonstrated that neurologically intact humans are unable to detect a small vibratory stimulus on one of their index fingers during a bimanual reach toward visual targets. By parametrically altering …

Incremental Validity Of The Mmpi-2-Rf Over-Reporting Scales And Rbs In Assessing The Veracity Of Memory Complaints, Roger O. Gervais, Yossef S. Ben-Porath, Dustin Wygant, Martin Sellbom

Dustin B. Wygant

The Response Bias Scale (RBS) has been found to be a better predictor of over-reported memory complaints than Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) F, Back Infrequency (Fb), Infrequency-Psychopathology (Fp), and FBS scales. The MMPI-2-Restructured Form (RF) validity scales were designed to meet or exceed the sensitivity of their MMPI-2 counterparts to symptom over-reporting. This study examined the incremental validity of MMPI-2-RF validity scales and RBS in assessing memory complaints. The MMPI-2-RF over-reporting validity scales were more strongly associated with mean Memory Complaints Inventory scores than their MMPI-2 counterparts

(d ¼ 0.22 to 0.49). RBS showed the strongest relationship with memory …

Lifting Without Seeing: The Role Of Vision In Perceiving And Acting Upon The Size Weight Illusion, Gavin Buckingham, Melvyn Goodale

Gavin Buckingham

BACKGROUND: Our expectations of an object's heaviness not only drive our fingertip forces, but also our perception of heaviness. This effect is highlighted by the classic size-weight illusion (SWI), where different-sized objects of identical mass feel different weights. Here, we examined whether these expectations are sufficient to induce the SWI in a single wooden cube when lifted without visual feedback, by varying the size of the object seen prior to the lift.

METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Participants, who believed that they were lifting the same object that they had just seen, reported that the weight of the single, standard-sized cube that they …

Globalism, Postmodernism & The Dislocation Of The Self, Cecile Brennan

Cecile Brennan

No abstract provided.

Improving Risk Assessment With Suicidal Patients: A Preliminary Evaluation Of The Clinical Utility Of The Scale For Impact Of Suicidality - Management, Assessment And Planning Of Care (Sis-Map), Charles Nelson, Megan Johnston, Amresh Srivastava

Amresh Srivastava

Although a number of suicide risk assessment tools are available to clinicians, the high levels of suicide still evident in society suggest a clear need for new strategies in order to facilitate the prevention of suicidal behaviors. The present study examined the utilization of a new structured clinical interview called the Scale for Impact of Suicidality Management, Assessment and Planning of Care (SIS-MAP). SIS-MAP ratings were obtained from a group of incoming psychiatric patients over a 6-month period at Regional Mental Health Care, St. Thomas, Ontario. A canonical discriminant function analysis resulted in a total 74.0% of original grouped cases …

The Relation Of Aerobic Fitness To Neuroelectric Indices Of Cognitive And Motor Task Preparation, Jason Themanson, Keita Kamijo, Kevin O'Leary, Matthew Pontifex, Charles Hillman

Jason R. Themanson, Ph.D

The relation of aerobic fitness to task preparation was examined in a sample of young adults separated into higher- and lower-fit groups according to their maximal oxygen consumption. Participants performed a modified Sternberg working memory task under speed and accuracy instructions while measures of task performance and contingent negative variation (CNV) were collected. Analyses revealed no significant fitness differences between groups on task performance measures. However, frontal CNVamplitude was significantly larger for lower-fit participants compared to higher-fit participants during the speed instructions, an effect not found for the accuracy instructions. These results suggest that lower-fit individuals may rely to a …

Lifting Without Seeing: The Role Of Vision In Perceiving And Acting Upon The Size‐Weight Illusion, Gavin Buckingham, Melvyn Goodale

Gavin Buckingham

Our expectations of an object’s heaviness not only drive our fingertip forces, but also our perception of heaviness. This effect is highlighted by the classic size-weight illusion (SWI), where different‐sized objects of identical mass feel different weights (Charpentier, 1891) long after any initial errors in the application of fingertip forces have been corrected (Flanagan & Beltzner, 2000).

Here, we examined whether our expectations about the weight of an upcoming lift are sufficient to induce the SWI in a single wooden cube when lifted without visual feedback, by varying the size of the object seen prior to the lift during a …

A Best Practice Guide To Assessment And Intervention For Autism And Asperger Syndrome In Schools, Lee Wilkinson

Lee A Wilkinson, PhD

Filling a critical void in the autism literature, this authoritative yet accessible book provides expert guidance to psychologists, advocates, consultants, support professionals, and parents. Grounded in the latest research, special features include an index to 50 evidence-based best practice recommendations and real world case examples to illustrate best practice in the field. This book is certain to become a widely used resource in the field of special education.

Diane Adreon, Associate Director of the University of Miami-Nova Southeastern University Center for Autism and Related Disabilities (CARD) comments that “Dr. Lee Wilkinson has produced a well-written, user-friendly, comprehensive guide to the …

Laterality, Perception, And Action During The Size-Weight Illusion, Gavin Buckingham, Nathalie Ranger, Melvyn Goodale

Gavin Buckingham

In the classic size-weight illusion (SWI), a small object will feel heavier than an larger object of equal weight (Charpentier, 1891). Individuals continue to perceive this illusory difference in weight long after their gripping and lifting forces have scaled to the actual, identical, mass of the illusion-inducing stimuli (Flanagan & Beltzner, 2000).

The independence of our weight perception and fingertip force application has only been quantified in the right hand of right-handers. The immunity to this perceptual illusion may be affected by manual asymmetries (e.g., Gonzalez, Ganel & Goodale, 2006).

We examined perception of heaviness and fingertip force scaling in …

Amygdala And Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex Responses To Appearance-Based And Behavior-Based Person Impressions., Sean Baron, M Gobinni, Andrew Engell, Alex Todorov

Andrew Engell

Identity Politics, Cigdem Sirin

Cigdem V. Sirin

No abstract provided.

Distributed Representations Of Dynamic Facial Expressions In The Superior Temporal Sulcus., Chris Said, Chris Moore, Andrew Engell, Alex Todroov, James Haxby

Andrew Engell

The Implicit Association Test As A Class Assignment: Student Affective And Attitudinal Reactions, Kathryn Morris, Leslie Ashburn-Nardo

Kathryn A. Morris

Person As Scientist, Person As Moralist, Joshua Knobe

Joshua Knobe

No abstract provided.