Psychology Commons^™

The Relationship Of Family Structure To Adolescent Drug Use, Peer Affiliation, And Perception Of Peer Acceptance Of Drug Use, Jeanne Jenkins, Sabina Zunguze

Jeanne E. Jenkins

Presents information on a study which examines the relationship of family structure to adolescent gateway drug use and peer-related factors. Method; Results; Discussion.

Sociometric Popularity And Peer-Perceived Popularity: Two Distinct Dimensions Of Peer Status, J.T. Parkhurst, Andrea Hopmeyer Gorman

Andrea Hopmeyer Gorman

No abstract provided.

Relationship Of Family Structure To Adolescent Drug Use, Peer Affiliation, And Perception Of Peer Acceptance Of Drug Use, Jeanne Jenkins, Sabina Zunguze

Jeanne E. Jenkins

The sample consisted of 2,229 high school students who were administered a self-report instrument containing items measuring drug use and psychosocial variables. Dependent variables included frequency of use of five gateway drugs [cigarettes, marijuana, beer, wine coolers, and liquor], degree of affiliation with drug- using peers, and perceptions of peer acceptance of drugs. Comparison groups included single-parent [both mother- and father-headed], step-parent, and intact families. Analysis conducted separately by grade level revealed significant differences between groups on drug use variables in grades 8 and 10, with adolescents from intact families reporting less frequent drug use, fewer drug-using friends, and perceptions …

Children's Responses To Peer Conflicts Involving A Rights Infraction, Andrea Hopmeyer Gorman, Steven Asher

Andrea Hopmeyer Gorman

Examined whether generalization about prosocial style of well-accepted children applies to conflicts involving rights infraction. Interviewed fourth- and fifth-graders about strategies for handling situations in which a peer infringes on their rights. Found that well-accepted children were neither aggressive nor particularly prosocial in conflict situations; they responded with verbally assertive strategies, unlike low-accepted children, who relied on adults. (EV)

The Nature-Nurture Controversy Revisited: Divorce And Gender As Factors In Children's Racial Group Differences, Jeanne Jenkins, John Guidubaldi

Jeanne E. Jenkins

Examines the influence of divorce and gender as factors in racial group differences among elementary age European-American and African-American children. Method of data collection; Comparison of scores between males and females in various categories; Impact of the father figure on male and female child.

Understanding And Preventing Hiv Risk Behavior, Kathryn Morris, W. Swann

Kathryn A. Morris

No abstract provided.

The Influence Of Peer Affiliation And Student Activities On Adolescent Drug Involvement, Jeanne Jenkins

Jeanne E. Jenkins

Examines the importance of students' academic performance level and extracurricular activities as predictors of drug involvement relative to peer influence. Affiliation with drug-using friends; Peer relationships as dominating influence on drug involvement.

Beyond Theory And Practice: A Postmodern Perspective, Cecile Brennan

Cecile Brennan

Provides insights into chaos theory and postmodernism as they apply to the work of therapists to resolve the conflict between theory and practice. Tempering of theoretical orientation by postmodern perspective; Encouragement of therapist to have a theoretical orientation

When Comparisons Arise, Daniel Gilbert, R. Geisler, Kathryn Morris

Kathryn A. Morris

Short-Term Memory (Nature, Contents, Formation, Encoding, Organization), Pennie Seibert

Pennie S. Seibert

No abstract provided.

Acute Effects Of Cocaine On Spontaneous And Discriminative Motor Functions: Relation To Route Of Administration, C. Lau, Abdulrazaq Imam, M. Fang, J. Falk

Abdulrazaq A. Imam

Rats administered cocaine i.p. and p.o. (7.5-30 mg/kg) showed dose-related increases in locomotor (LM) and small-movement activities, with LM rates decreasing over the 2-hr session, except at the largest i.p. dose, for which rates were greater in the 2nd hr. Lidocaine p.o. (15-30 mg/kg) did not increase activity. Relating the area under the curve measures for serum cocaine (concentration-time) and LM activity (LM activity-time) for 2 hr postadministration indicated that cocaine was about twice as potent i.p., compared to p.o., in increasing LM activity. Cocaine (i.p. and p.o.) produced dose-related decrements in both discriminative motor control performance and in task …

La Visión Satírica De Humberto Costantini: "De Dioses, Hombrecitos Y Policías", Adelaida López-Mejia

Adelaida López Mejía

No abstract provided.

Individual Differences In Taste, Body Weight, And Depression In The "Helplessness" Rat Model And In Humans., Clinton Chapman, Nancy Dess

Clinton D Chapman

In Exp 1, exposure of rats to unsignaled, inescapable shock resulted in finickiness about drinking a weak quinine solution. In contrast, exposure to escapable shock resulted in marked individual differences in finickiness that were predicted by prestress body weight. A more sensitive index of finickiness was used in Exp 2, and a correlation between body weight and finickiness was observed in nonshocked rats. In Exp 3, measures of quinine reactivity and body weight predicted depressive symptomatology in a nonclinical human sample of 37 undergraduates. Although research in the helplessness paradigm usually focuses on environmental determinants of distress, the paradigm may …

Morphological And Behavioral Effects Of Perinatal Exposure To Aspartame (Nutrasweet®) On Rat Pups., Clinton Chapman, Raz Yirmiya, John Garcia, Edward Levin

Clinton D Chapman

Side effects of perinatal exposure to L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester (aspartame [ASP]) were studied by providing ASP-containing water to female rats from 30 days before conception until the pups were 30 days of age. Compared with pups of mothers who drank plain water, ASP-exposed pups were not different in morphological (pinnae detachment, eye opening, incisor eruption, and body weight) and reflex (surface righting and negative geotaxis) development. No difference was found in the time taken by mothers to retrieve litters. At 30 days of age, performance of ASP-exposed Ss in a radial-arm maze differed from that of Ss not exposed. Results …

Los Libros, Adelaida López-Mejia

Adelaida López Mejía

No abstract provided.

Inescapable Shock Increases Finickiness About Drinking Quinine-Adulterated Water In Rats., Clinton Chapman, Nancy Dess, Thomas Minor

Clinton D Chapman

Conducted 3 studies with 108 male rats to examine the effect of inescapable shock on finickiness, operationally defined as suppressed consumption of quinine-adulterated water. Exposure to a single session of inescapable shock increased finickiness relative to simple restraint or no treatment. The effect of shock on finickiness was replicable, was specific to adulterated water, and persisted for at least 24 hrs. The weak quinine solution rejected by shocked Ss supported a conditioned taste aversion, suggesting that the difference between shocked Ss and controls was not due to the inability of the latter to taste the quinine. It is suggested that …

The Phylogeny Of Information Processing, James Dougan, Roger Davis

James Dougan

No abstract provided.

Stressors In The Learned Helplessness Paradigm: Effects On Body Weight And Conditioned Taste Aversion In Rats., Clinton Chapman, Nancy Dess, John Garcia, Jeffrey Raizer

Clinton D Chapman

In Exp 1, 44 male rats drank saccharin or a control solution, followed by 100 inescapable shocks or simple restraint. Ss were weighed daily and were tested for saccharin aversion 2 days after the stress session. Shocked Ss gained less weight than restrained controls. Saccharin aversion was apparent only among Ss that had consumed saccharin before the stress session. In Exp 2, 72 Ss drank saccharin solution, followed by shock, restraint, or no treatment. Half of each group was injected with saline; the other half was injected with lithium chloride. Shock reduced body weight relative to restraint or no treatment …

Parental Separation Effects On Children's Divergent Thinking Abilities And Creativity Potential, Jeanne Jenkins, Dalva Hedlund, Richard Ripple

Jeanne E. Jenkins

No abstract provided.

Nucleus Raphe Magnus And Vagal Inhibition Of Spinoreticular Tract Neuron Responses To Noxious Somatic And Visceral Inputs., Clinton Chapman

Clinton D Chapman

No abstract provided.

Cognition And Affect In Moral Development: A Critique Of Kohlberg, Michael Pritchard

Michael Pritchard

Skinner, Equipotentiality, And The New Law Of Effect, James Dougan

James Dougan

No abstract provided.

Rating-Scale Methodology For Environmental Designers, Nicholas Patricios

Nicholas Patricios

There are many methods and techniques available to environmental designers to obtain and use information on spatial behavior, attitudes, preferences, opinions, and so on. Among them are rating-scale techniques. This paper discusses these from a particular theoretical orientation and covers the utility, concept, and an evaluation of rating scales. Three case studies are described to illustrate the application and usefulness of the graphic rating-scale technique to environmental designers.

An Agentive Perspective Of Urban Planning, Nicholas Patricios

Nicholas Patricios

An agentive model of person-environment relations is proposed based on environmental behavior research. The agentive process consists of three stages: awareness of information in the phenomenal environment; perception and cognition - construal - of the environmental information; and action in the behavioral environment. The agentive model of urban planning brings together theory and practice and would assist efforts to resolve conflicts and achieve consensus in urban planning transactions.

On Taking Emotions Seriously: A Critique Of B.F. Skinner, Michael Pritchard

Michael Pritchard

Psychopathology, Responsibility, And Understanding, Michael Pritchard

Michael Pritchard