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Articles 361 - 390 of 478
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Effectiveness Of Temporary Traffic Control Measures In Highway Work Zones, Yingfeng Li, Yong Bai
Effectiveness Of Temporary Traffic Control Measures In Highway Work Zones, Yingfeng Li, Yong Bai
Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research and Publications
In the United States, hundreds of people lose their lives each year and many more are injured due to vehicle crashes in the work zones. Over the years, temporary traffic control (TCC) measures have been developed and deployed in work zones. To continuously improve the safety, there is a need to identify the traffic control deficiencies in work zones by evaluating the effectiveness of existing TTC measures based on the real crash cases. In this study, researchers evaluated the effectiveness of several commonly used TTC methods using logistic regression techniques and various significance test methods including likelihood ratio test, score …
Evaluation Of The Work Zone Safety And Mobility Rule, Kenneth R. Agent, Jerry G. Pigman
Evaluation Of The Work Zone Safety And Mobility Rule, Kenneth R. Agent, Jerry G. Pigman
Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report
The Work Zone Safety and Mobility Rule (Rule) was published in the Federal Register in September 2004 indicating that all state and local governments receiving Federal-aid funding were required to comply with provisions of the Rule no later than October 2007. Kentucky received an extension to October 2008. The objectives of this study were to review the requirements of the Work Zone Safety and Mobility Rule and provide recommendations for implementation of the Rule to ensure a consistent approach for designing and managing the impacts of work zones. This report documents results from: a) a review of literature and Kentucky’s …
Comprehensive Analytical Investigation Of The Safety Of Unsignalized Intersections, Kirolos Haleem
Comprehensive Analytical Investigation Of The Safety Of Unsignalized Intersections, Kirolos Haleem
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
According to documented statistics, intersections are among the most hazardous locations on roadway systems. Many studies have extensively analyzed safety of signalized intersections, but did not put their major focus on the most frequent type of intersections, unsignalized intersections. Unsignalized intersections are those intersections with stop control, yield control and no traffic control. Unsignalized intersections can be differentiated from their signalized counterparts in that their operational functions take place without the presence of a traffic signal. In this dissertation, multiple approaches of analyzing safety at unsignalized intersections were conducted. This was investigated in this study by analyzing total crashes, the …
Analyses Of Crash Occurence And Injury Severities On Multi Lane Highways Using Machine Learning Algorithms, Abhishek Das
Analyses Of Crash Occurence And Injury Severities On Multi Lane Highways Using Machine Learning Algorithms, Abhishek Das
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Reduction of crash occurrence on the various roadway locations (mid-block segments; signalized intersections; un-signalized intersections) and the mitigation of injury severity in the event of a crash are the major concerns of transportation safety engineers. Multi lane arterial roadways (excluding freeways and expressways) account for forty-three percent of fatal crashes in the state of Florida. Significant contributing causes fall under the broad categories of aggressive driver behavior; adverse weather and environmental conditions; and roadway geometric and traffic factors. The objective of this research was the implementation of innovative, state-of-the-art analytical methods to identify the contributing factors for crashes and injury …
Kentucky Traffic Collision Facts 2009 Report, Kentucky Transportation Center, Kentucky State Police
Kentucky Traffic Collision Facts 2009 Report, Kentucky Transportation Center, Kentucky State Police
Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report
KENTUCKY’S TRAFFIC COLLISION FACTS report for 2009 is based on collision reports submitted to the Kentucky State Police Records Branch. As required by Kentucky Revised Statutes 189.635, “every law enforcement agency whose officers investigate a vehicle accident of which a report must be made...shall file a report of the accident...within ten days after investigation of the accident upon forms supplied by the bureau.” The stated purpose of this requirement is to utilize data on traffic collisions for such purposes as will improve the traffic safety program in the Commonwealth. Data contained in this report are based solely on the observations …
Investigation Of The Effective Use Of Warning Lights On Indiana Department Of Transportation (Indot) Vehicles And Equipment, Bob Mccullouch, Brandon Stevens
Investigation Of The Effective Use Of Warning Lights On Indiana Department Of Transportation (Indot) Vehicles And Equipment, Bob Mccullouch, Brandon Stevens
JTRP Technical Reports
This study was requested by INDOT to determine if current lighting packages used on INDOT maintenance vehicles, specifically snow plow vehicles, can be improved with other commercially available products. Different light products were obtained from various vendors, mounted on INDOT vehicles, and visual comparisons were performed under various lighting and weather conditions by a team of observers. The comparison evaluations were performed revealing that other light packages, LED models for most options, were brighter and certain colors more visible. The preferred light models are recommended. These recommendations were forwarded to appropriate individuals that make these decisions at INDOT. Implementation is …
Crashes In The Vicinity Of Major Crossroads, Charles G. Allen
Crashes In The Vicinity Of Major Crossroads, Charles G. Allen
Theses and Dissertations
Major crossroads are designed to facilitate the conflicting movements of numerous vehicles in a manner that is both safe and efficient. Accesses located within the functional areas of major crossroads add complication to intersection activity due to additional conflicts arising from ingressing and egressing movements at the accesses. In this research, the impact of accesses on crashes within major crossroad functional areas was analyzed. Specifically, the effects of access spacing within functional areas and access setback from intersections were addressed. In order to conduct the analysis, the functional areas of 159 signalized major arterial crossroads across the state of Utah …
Evaluation Of Median Barrier Safety Issues, Kenneth R. Agent, Jerry G. Pigman
Evaluation Of Median Barrier Safety Issues, Kenneth R. Agent, Jerry G. Pigman
Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Brifen TL-4 and Trinity CASS median cable barrier systems in preventing cross-median collisions on sections of I-64, I-71, and I-265 (Brifen system) and I-265 (Trinity system) in Jefferson County and on KY 4 (Brifen system) in Fayette County. An effort was made to identify crashes which involved a vehicle crossing a median. Using specific logic to identify this type of crash, 392 crashes were identified for the five-year period of 2001 through 2005. Using crash and mileage data resulted in an average of 0.28 crossover crashes per mile …
Multi-Barge Flotilla Impact Forces On Bridges, Peng Yuan, Issam E. Harik, Michael T. Davidson
Multi-Barge Flotilla Impact Forces On Bridges, Peng Yuan, Issam E. Harik, Michael T. Davidson
Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report
The current AASHTO equations for barge impact loads are based on scale models of barges, and may not accurately predict impact loads on bridge piers. The results of this study produce more realistic flotilla impact design loads, potentially leading to a reduction in construction costs of bridges over navigable waterways. The objectives of this study are: (1) To conduct theoretical finite element analysis on various types of flotillas impacting bridge piers. The flotillas and the respective barges will be of the type commonly traversing Kentucky’s waterways; and (2) To generate design equations for barge/flotilla impact loads. The study concludes the …
Comparison Of Characteristics Between Fatal And Injury Accidents In The Highway Construction Zones, Yingfeng Li, Yong Bai
Comparison Of Characteristics Between Fatal And Injury Accidents In The Highway Construction Zones, Yingfeng Li, Yong Bai
Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research and Publications
Highway construction zone safety has been a research focus in many countries for many decades. In the United States, regardless of the research efforts devoted, highway construction zones remain a serious safety concern for government agencies, legislatures, the highway industry, and the traveling public. In this study, the fatal and injury accidents between 1992 and 2004 in Kansas highway construction zones were examined systematically and their major characteristics were compared. The results showed significant differences between fatal and injury accidents in the construction zones. The researchers found that: (1) head-on was the dominant type for fatal accidents while rear-end was …
Characteristics Of Red Light Running Crashesin Florida, Dina Elnashar
Characteristics Of Red Light Running Crashesin Florida, Dina Elnashar
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Red light running is one of the main contributing factors of crashes in urban areas in Florida and the United States. Nationwide, according to preliminary estimates by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) 2001, there were nearly 218,000 red-light running crashes at intersections. These crashes resulted in as many as 181,000 injuries and 880 fatalities, and an economic loss estimated at $14 billion per year nationwide, According to the Community Traffic Safety Team Florida Coalition (A statewide traffic safety group) there were 9,348 crashes involving red-light running in Florida and 127 fatalities in 1999. This research study focused on studying the …
Factors Affecting Young Driver Safety In The State Of Louisiana, Cherian Cherian-Korah
Factors Affecting Young Driver Safety In The State Of Louisiana, Cherian Cherian-Korah
LSU Master's Theses
Though teenage drivers constitute only 6.4 percent of the total drivers in United States, they are responsible for 14 percent of the fatal crashes and are involved in 18 percent of all police-reported crashes in the country. One of the main causes of teenage crashes was found to be the presence of passengers in the vehicle. This study is focused on the effect of passengers on young drivers in the state of Louisiana. There have been efforts from traffic safety departments to contain crashes involving this age group of drivers and, particularly the Graduated Driver's License Law, which imposes restrictions …
Risk Assessment Of Various Median Treatments Of Rural Interstates, Natalie M. Villwock, Nicolas Paul Blond, Andrzej P. Tarko
Risk Assessment Of Various Median Treatments Of Rural Interstates, Natalie M. Villwock, Nicolas Paul Blond, Andrzej P. Tarko
JTRP Technical Reports
This report presents results of a comprehensive study that evaluates the safety impacts of alternative median treatments on rural freeways. Extensive data were obtained from Indiana, Colorado, Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Washington, and Wisconsin. The studied median treatments include AASHTO-recommended treatments: depressed medians, depressed medians with high and lowtensioned cable barriers, and flush medians with concrete barriers. Other treatments used in the freeway design were also studied: medians with berms, sloped medians, and depressed medians with berms. Negative binomial models were developed to predict the frequency of crashes in three categories: single vehicle (SV), multiple vehicles same …
Kentucky Traffic Collision Facts 2008 Report, Kentucky Transportation Center, Kentucky State Police
Kentucky Traffic Collision Facts 2008 Report, Kentucky Transportation Center, Kentucky State Police
Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report
KENTUCKY’S TRAFFIC COLLISION FACTS report for 2008 is based on collision reports submitted to the Kentucky State Police Records Branch. As required by Kentucky Revised Statutes 189.635, “every law enforcement agency whose officers investigate a vehicle accident of which a report must be made...shall file a report of the accident...within ten days after investigation of the accident upon forms supplied by the bureau.” The stated purpose of this requirement is to utilize data on traffic collisions for such purposes as will improve the traffic safety program in the Commonwealth. Data contained in this report are based solely on the observations …
Use Of Reflective Armbands To Improve Adolescent Pedestrian And Pedalcyclist Safety, Nancy Dunaway, Eric R. Green, Jerry G. Pigman, Monica L. Barrett
Use Of Reflective Armbands To Improve Adolescent Pedestrian And Pedalcyclist Safety, Nancy Dunaway, Eric R. Green, Jerry G. Pigman, Monica L. Barrett
Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report
The objective of this effort was to determine if elementary and middle school students could be educated to use reflective armbands to increase their visibility to motorists while walking or bicycling to school. The number of armbands and surveys distributed totaled slightly over 7,000. Responses were received from approximately 12 percent (873) of the pre-surveys and slightly over 3 percent (119) of the post-surveys. Respondents to the survey indicated nearly 15 percent of schoolchildren receiving reflective armbands were wearing the armband “every day” or “most days”. Of the parents responding, 21 percent indicated their children would continue to wear the …
A Prioritization Process For Access Management Implementation In Utah, Kordel T. Braley
A Prioritization Process For Access Management Implementation In Utah, Kordel T. Braley
Theses and Dissertations
Appropriate access management techniques can improve the safety and efficiency of arterial roads. In order to determine which roads can most benefit by the implementation of access management techniques, a prioritization process was developed to recommend various access management treatments such as limiting access points, installing raised medians, and ensuring adequate signal spacing along corridors. To serve as the basis for the performance index, a database was created including identifying features, characteristics, and crash history for 175 arterial road segments on Utah state routes. Stepwise linear regression was applied to the data collected to determine which characteristics of the roads …
Intelligent Painting Process Planner For Robotic Bridge Painting, Yong Bai
Intelligent Painting Process Planner For Robotic Bridge Painting, Yong Bai
Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research and Publications
Due to increased government regulations on environment, health, and safety, the cost of on-site bridge painting has quadrupled over the past several years. The construction industry faces a great challenge in how to control the increased costs of bridge painting and meet the regulations at the same time. A possible solution to address this challenge is to develop a robotic bridge painting system. The development of the robotic system can be justified by the potential improvements in safety and productivity. This paper presents the development and testing of an Intelligent Painting Process Planner. The Planner, built based on bridge feature …
Centerline Curbing Treatment At Railroad Crossings For Improved Safety, Aemal Khattak, Dwight L. Mosby Jr., Gregory Mcknight, Brian Gardner
Centerline Curbing Treatment At Railroad Crossings For Improved Safety, Aemal Khattak, Dwight L. Mosby Jr., Gregory Mcknight, Brian Gardner
Nebraska Department of Transportation: Research Reports
The objectives of this research were to study unsafe actions of motor vehicle drivers at railroadhighway grade crossings, to evaluate centerline barriers in reducing those unsafe driver actions, and to note any maintenance or other issues with the barriers. Driver actions were observed at two railroad crossings before and after installation of centerline barriers. A comparison of observed driver actions in the pre- and post-barrier periods provided information on the effectiveness of the barriers in reducing unsafe driver actions while periodic inspection of the centerline barriers provided information on maintenance needs. A major concern of the Nebraska Department of Roads …
The Structural Reliability Of Bridges Subject To Time-Dependent Deterioration, Colin C. Caprani, C. Mcnally, E. J. O'Brien, A. Bordallo-Ruiz
The Structural Reliability Of Bridges Subject To Time-Dependent Deterioration, Colin C. Caprani, C. Mcnally, E. J. O'Brien, A. Bordallo-Ruiz
Conference papers
The reliability of the structural performance of any given structure is affected by both in-service loading and material deterioration due to environmental attack. They must be evaluated at any given time in order to compute lifetime probability of failure. This paper presents an innovative methodology to derive the structure lifetime load effect due to existing traffic using a statistical tool known as Predictive Likelihood. Loss of resistance due to corrosion originated by chloride ingression is also taken into account. Finally the lifetime probability of failure is evaluated via the application of a time-discretization strategy.
Cranium: Device For Improving Crane Productivity And Safety, Purdue Ect Team
Cranium: Device For Improving Crane Productivity And Safety, Purdue Ect Team
ECT Fact Sheets
Cranes are the most important pieces of equipment on many construction sites. CRANIUM is a video system designed to improve productivity and safety of crane operations by improving communications. A video camera mounted on the crane bottom transmits an image to the television monitor in the crane cab. The operator has a real-time picture of the loads and craftsmen that might otherwise be out of the direct line of sight.
3m Personal Air Monitoring Systems, Purdue Ect Team
3m Personal Air Monitoring Systems, Purdue Ect Team
ECT Fact Sheets
3M monitors are made to allow sample desorption directly in the monitor itself. The monitor comes with a snap-on elution cap that permits the desorbing solvent to be injected into the monitor. The solution is then poured into sample vials for analysis. 3M monitors use standard analytical methods: gas chromatography for the organic vapor monitor and ethylene oxide monitor, and colorimetry for the formaldehyde monitor.
Delmia Safework®Pro™ : Human Modeling, Purdue Ect Team
Delmia Safework®Pro™ : Human Modeling, Purdue Ect Team
ECT Fact Sheets
Manufacturers and designers strive to develop products that conform to all relevant Health and Safety standards and are "user-friendly" while still maximizing the productivity of their own workforce. Digital human modeling technology can assist a designer to determine the performance of people in the context of a workplace or a product before it exists and throughout its entire lifecycle. SAFEWORK’S accurate manikin has the highest number of Anthropometric Variables (104), Segments (99) and Degrees of Freedom (149). It also has fully articulated spine & hand models as well as joints with coupled range of motion. Moreover, it’s unique Multivariate Algorithm …
Pipeman:Safety In Trenches, Purdue Ect Team
Pipeman:Safety In Trenches, Purdue Ect Team
ECT Fact Sheets
Even though heavy construction equipment such as a crane or backhoe excavator, is used to perform the task of pipe laying in the trench, workers are required to be inside the trench to guide the excavation, pipe laying, and final alignment. Work place safety has become a major concern in the construction industry over the past few decades, and trench cave-ins have caused serious and often fatal injuries to workers in the United States. The Construction Automation and Robotics Laboratory(CARL) at North Carolina State University has developed an alternative which involves advanced new technology: the prototype robotic excavation and pipe …
Evaluating And Enhancing The Safety Of Nighttime Construction Projects, Dulcy M. Abraham, Julia Jensen Spadaccini, Beau Braxton Burgess, Lindsay Rae Miller, Vanessa Valentin
Evaluating And Enhancing The Safety Of Nighttime Construction Projects, Dulcy M. Abraham, Julia Jensen Spadaccini, Beau Braxton Burgess, Lindsay Rae Miller, Vanessa Valentin
JTRP Technical Reports
The increased demand on the current highway system has caused transportation agencies to increase scheduling for nighttime work in order to alleviate daytime work zone congestion, especially during peak traffic hours. Although traffic congestion is reduced, safety in nighttime workzones remains a concern among both transportation agencies and contractors. According to the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), approximately one-half of the fatalities that occurred in workzones nationwide occurred at night. These work zone statistics have received increased attention among agencies to evaluate planning and safety issues concerning the workers and the general public on nighttime workzones. Four separate, but interrelated research …
Kentucky Traffic Collision Facts 2007 Report, Kentucky Transportation Center, Kentucky State Police
Kentucky Traffic Collision Facts 2007 Report, Kentucky Transportation Center, Kentucky State Police
Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report
KENTUCKY’S TRAFFIC COLLISION FACTS report for 2007 is based on collision reports submitted to the Kentucky State Police Records Branch. As required by Kentucky Revised Statutes 189.635, “every law enforcement agency whose officers investigate a vehicle accident of which a report must be made...shall file a report of the accident...within ten days after investigation of the accident upon forms supplied by the bureau.” The stated purpose of this requirement is to utilize data on traffic collisions for such purposes as will improve the traffic safety program in the Commonwealth. Data contained in this report are based solely on the observations …
Behavior-Based Safety In Construction, Purdue Ect Team
Behavior-Based Safety In Construction, Purdue Ect Team
ECT Fact Sheets
Behavior-based safety approach that was introduced into the United States in 1930's and has been popular in manufacturing area since 1980's assumes that many of injuries and illnesses are the result of unsafe acts by workers. Behavior-based safety is a proactive approach to increasing safety in the workplace and in the community. It is based on sound, research-based, and behavioral practices, and are easy to use with minimal training.
Safe Excavation, Purdue Ect Team
Safe Excavation, Purdue Ect Team
ECT Fact Sheets
Excavating with a backhoe or similar equipment has the potential risk of hitting an underground utility which could cause serious injuries and expensive damages. An electronic device that provides a real-time warning of the utility lines immediately ahead of the digging tool and provides an easily interpreted, real-time computer readout of the depth, location, and size buried metallic objects. Developed by Dr. Leonhard E. Bernold, it consists of an active metal detector search coil; a signal processing (control) unit; and a PC computer equipped with an analog-to-digital converter interface.
An Evaluation Of Attributes And Competencies For Manufacturing Engineering Technology Graduates, Loni S. Williamson
An Evaluation Of Attributes And Competencies For Manufacturing Engineering Technology Graduates, Loni S. Williamson
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study is to determine the required attributes and competencies required for a graduate from a manufacturing engineering technology baccalaureate program. A document called “Competencies of Manufacturing Engineering Technology Graduates” was compiled in October 2004. This document lists twelve attributes thought to be important for MET graduates: Leadership, Professionalism, Creativity and Problem Solving, Management, Materials, Processes, Quality, Systems, Design, Communication, Safety and Environmental Issues, and Global Awareness. Under each attribute is a list of five to seven competencies creating a total of seventy-three competencies for graduates of an MET baccalaureate program. This list of attributes and competencies …
Analysis Of The Double-Tiered Three-Battery Switched Capacitor Battery Balancing System, Andrew Baughman, Mehdi Ferdowsi
Analysis Of The Double-Tiered Three-Battery Switched Capacitor Battery Balancing System, Andrew Baughman, Mehdi Ferdowsi
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
The auto industry is progressing towards hybrid and fully electric vehicles in their future car models. These vehicles need a power plant that is reliable during the lifetime of the car. Battery and ultra-capacitor capacity imbalances stemming from manufacturing and ensuing driving environment and operational usage affect voltage levels, which must adhere to strict limits to ensure the safety of the driver. A double-tiered capacitive shuttling technique is applied to an idealized three-battery system simulation in order to balance the voltages. Parameters in the system are varied and their effects on the system determined. Results are compared to a single-tiered …
Evaluation Of The Effectiveness Of Blank-Out Overhead Dynamic Advance Warning Signal Systems, Ryan Peterson
Evaluation Of The Effectiveness Of Blank-Out Overhead Dynamic Advance Warning Signal Systems, Ryan Peterson
Theses and Dissertations
Advance warning signals installed upstream of a high-speed signalized intersection (HSSI) warn motorists of impending signal changes in an effort to reduce the frequency of red-light running (RLR) and crashes. A new advance warning signal design was tested on an approach to an HSSI in Utah to study the effects of the modified design on motorist behavior. The new design utilized an overhead dynamic blank-out sign and flashers. A state-of-the-art digital wave radar evaluation system was installed at the study site to collect continuous data of vehicle speeds and RLR events by a non-intrusive method. Crash data were collected from …