Structural Engineering Commons^™

Automation Of Post-Earthquake Civil Infrastructure Reconnaissance, Jack Bergquist

Architectural Engineering

Traditionally post-earthquake structural engineering reconnaissance consists of a team of experts who are deployed to the field to record and capture earthquake damage data, which is later uploaded into online repositories. Despite many advances to these data archives in recent years, the entries in online repositories often have limited metadata which make it difficult and time consuming to extract specific damage evidence that can be used for meaningful analysis. This report outlines the author’s contributions to overcoming these challenges via the development of a neural network that automatically filters and classifies post-earthquake civil infrastructure damage data after a seismic event. …

Development Of Thermoplastic Composite Reinforced Ultra-High Performance Concrete Panels For Impact Resistance, Reagan M. Smith Gillis

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Recent studies investigating the impact performance of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) reported a quasi-brittle flexural failure that transitioned to a brittle punching-shear failure as the size of the impact head was reduced. A potential technology to increase the flexural strength and impact resistance of concrete is applying fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites to the exterior faces of the beam or slab. In this work, E-glass fiber reinforced thermoplastics were utilized in two different systems to apply reinforcement to UHPC. Thermoplastic materials were chosen over traditional thermoset materials for their unique advantages, such as rapid fabrication, automated manufacturing and the ability …

Young’S Modulus As A Measurement To Estimate Damage Related With Alkali-Silica Reaction In Concrete., Anazaria J. Ortega Gonzalez

Civil Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses

The main purpose of this research is to compare two nondestructive methods to assess Alkali-Silica reaction (ASR) in concrete. Fifteen concrete prisms were cast using aggregates with different Alkali-Silica reactivity such as Jobe sand and Van Buren sand. The change in strain, shear wave velocity and Young’s modulus were determined according to ASTM C129 and ASTM C215, respectively. This data was collected by Dillon K Self, who determined that the shear wave velocity and strain are inversely proportional. However, when single cracking in the concrete specimen transition to map cracking, the shear wave velocity dropped significantly, whereas the strain value …

Evaluation Of Deformable Posts In The Zoi And Rigid Posts In Stiff Soil, Thomas Ammon

Department of Engineering Mechanics: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Debris fences are commonly used by states, in conjunction with a concrete parapet, to protect railway tracks. Their use limits the intrusion of debris that could damage tracks or clutter rail lines. Due to a lack of previously crash-tested systems, the safety performance of such designs are largely unknown. The Iowa Department of Transportation (DOT) desired that researchers at the Midwest Roadside Safety Facility (MwRSF) design a crashworthy debris fence mounted on top of a concrete parapet to meet the Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH) TL-3 crash test conditions. Part 1 of this thesis details the literature review and …

Quantification Of Uncertainties In Inline Inspection Data For Metal-Loss Corrosion On Energy Pipelines And Implications For Reliability Analysis, Tammeen Siraj

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

One of the major threats to the oil and gas transmission pipeline integrity is metal-loss corrosion. Pipeline operators periodically inspect the size of the metal loss corrosion in a pipeline using in-line inspection (ILI) tools to avoid pipe failure which may lead to severe consequences. To predict pipe failure efficiently, reliability-based corrosion management program is gaining popularity as it effectively incorporates all the uncertainties involved in the pipe failure prediction. The focus of the research reported in this thesis is to investigate the unaddressed issues in the reliability-based corrosion assessment to assist in better predicting pipe failure.

First, a methodology …

Investigation Of A Tractor-Tank Trailer Roadside Containment Barrier, Dean L. Whitfield

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The objective of this research project was to develop a new, cost-effective, Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH) Test Level 6 (TL-6) barrier. A literature review on prior Test Level 5 and Test Level 6 barriers was conducted, and the cost of current TL-5 and TL-6 barriers was established. Existing and modified design procedures for roadside barrier were reviewed as well as current TL-6 design forces. A preliminary TL-6 truck model was developed in LS-DYNA. The minimum barrier height to contain a tractor-tank vehicle was determined to be 62 in. for a rigid, vertical-faced barrier through LS-DYNA computer simulation. New …

Cementitious Sensors Exhibiting Stopbands In Acoustic Transmission Spectra, Shreya Vemuganti

Shared Knowledge Conference

Ultrasonic monitoring in cementitious materials is challenging due to the high degree of attenuation. In wellbore environments, monitoring becomes more challenging due to inaccessibility. Meta materials, also known as acoustic bandgap materials, exhibit an interesting feature of forbidding the propagation of elastic/sound waves and isolate vibration in a certain frequency band. Traditionally, acoustic bandgap materials are developed with inclusions such as tin, aluminum, gold, steel in a polymer matrix. In this study, we present the development of three-dimensional cementitious sensors capable of exhibiting stopbands in the acoustic transmission spectra using carbon nanotubes. Relatively wide stopbands were engineered using Floquet-Bloch periodic …

Web Crippling Of Cold-Formed High Strength Steel Square And Rectangular Hollow Sections Under Two-Flange Loading Conditions, Hai-Ting Li, Benjamin Young

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The web crippling behavior of cold-formed high strength steel (HSS) square and rectangular hollow sections under End-Two-Flange and Interior-Two-Flange loading conditions is studied. The cold-formed HSS tubular sections had nominal 0.2% proof stresses of 700 and 900 MPa. Finite element (FE) models were developed and validated against test results, showing the capability of replicating the experimental web crippling strengths, failure modes and load-deformation histories. Upon validation of the FE models, an extensive parametric study comprised 112 FE analyses was performed. The web crippling strengths obtained from the experimental and numerical investigations were compared with the nominal strengths calculated from the …

Sdi Steel Deck On Cold-Formed Steel Framing Design Manual, Thomas Sputo

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

No abstract provided.

Biaxial Bending Of Cold-Formed Steel Storage Rack Uprights – Part I: Parametric Studies And Response, Nima Talebian, Benoit P. Gilbert, Cao Hung Pham, Romain Chariere, Hassan Karampour

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

This paper first introduces an advanced finite element model to determine the biaxial bending capacity of cold-formed steel storage rack upright sections. The model is found to accurately predict published experimental results with an average predicted to experimental capacity ratio of 1.02. Second, the validated model is used to run parametric studies and analyse the biaxial response of slender, semi-compact and compact unperforated storage rack upright cross-sections. Analyses are run for local and distortional buckling failure modes only. Ten and four different cross-sectional shapes are analysed for local and distortional buckling, respectively, and nine biaxial bending configurations are considered per …

Biaxial Bending Of Cold-Formed Steel Storage Rack Uprights – Part Ii: Design Methods, Nima Talebian, Benoit P. Gilbert, Cao Hung Pham, Hassan Karampour

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

This paper uses the results from the parametric studies reported in the companion paper to verify the accuracy of different forms of published direct strength method (DSM) equations. They consist of the classical DSM equations and considering the inelastic reserve capacity into these equations, with and without an extended range of the cross-sectional slenderness. The verifications are made for local and distortional buckling modes. Results show that for all investigated buckling modes, the DSM results in better predictions when the inelastic reserve capacity is considered. The appropriate form of the DSM to predict the biaxial capacity of unperforated cold-formed steel …

Transverse Shear Stiffness Of Bolted Cold-Formed Steel Storage Rack Upright Frames With Channel Bracing Members, Nima Talebian, Benoit P. Gilbert, Hassan Karampour

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Accurately evaluating the transverse shear stiffness of cold-formed steel storage rack upright frames is crucial to calculate the frame elastic buckling load, perform earthquake design and serviceability checks. This is especially essential for high-bay racks, which are subjected to large second-order effects, and racks supporting the building enclosure, which are exposed to transverse wind loads. The shear behaviour of these frames is poorly understood and experimental testing is usually required to measure their stiffness. Previous studies have shown that Finite Element Analyses (FEA), solely using beam elements, fail to reproduce experimental test results and may overestimate the transverse shear stiffness …

Wei-Wen Yu International Specialty Conference On Cold-Formed Steel Structures 2018: Recent Research And Developments In Cold-Formed Steel Design And Construction, Wei-Wen Yu Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

No abstract provided.

Sustainability Of Modular Lightweight Steel Building From Design To Construction, Ornella Iuorio, Loredana Napolano, Luigi Fiorino, Raffaele Landolfo

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The increasing concerns over population growth, depletion of natural resources and global warming as well as catastrophic natural events is leading the international scientific community to envisage sustainability as a crucial goal. The built environment plays a key role on the triple bottom line of the sustainable development -- Planet, People, Profit -- because of several environmental, social and economic impacts produced by the construction sector. The acknowledged need to promote a sustainable building market is an international high-priority issue as underlined by the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Indeed one of its strategic objectives highlights to make cities and …

Computational Modeling Of Joist-To-Ledger Connections In Cold-Formed Steel Diaphragms, Hernan Castaneda, M. Eng, Kara D. Peterson

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Cold-formed steel framed buildings can involve a range of options for framing systems, including balloon framing, platform framing, and ledger framing. Transfer of lateral forces from the diaphragms to the wall system (and ultimately to the ground) depends on the interactions within the wall-diaphragm connection, which is dependent on choice of framing system. In ledger framing, floor joists are hung from top of wall studs via a rim track (ledger) and clip angle connection. Recent experimental efforts at Johns Hopkins University studied the wall-diaphragm connection with the goal of quantifying its contribution to overall diaphragm response. Results from these experiments …

Effect Of Connection Details On The Cyclic Behavior Of Nestable Screw Sidelaps, S. Torabian, H. Folk, Benjamin W. Schafer

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The connection strength and stiffness sensitivity of screwed sidelaps in nestable steel decks to screw installation details has been experimentally explored via cyclic testing. The cyclic behavior of sidelaps has been recently incorporated in the high fidelity modeling and seismic evaluation of the steel deck diaphragm in rigid wall - flexible diaphragm buildings, where “unzipping” a sidelap (loss of a significant number of sidelap connections along a deck edge) could significantly reduce the seismic performance of the whole diaphragm. A total of 24 monotonic and cyclic sidelap tests have been performed in the Thin-Walled Structures Laboratory at Johns Hopkins University. …

Stressed Skin Design Of Steel Sheeting Panels – Part 1: Shear Resistance And Flexibility Of Screw Lapped Joists, A. M. Wrzesien, James B. P. Lim, I. A. Macleod, R. M. Lawson

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The shear resistance and flexibility of a steel roof diaphragm depend largely on shear resistance and slip flexibility of the single screw lap joint. In this paper, screw connections relevant to modern roof construction are investigated. The tests provided experimental values of shear/tearing resistance and joint flexibility of seam connections, cladding/purlin connections and purlin/rafter connections. The novel aspects of the experimental research include investigation of the behaviour of shear connections in 0.5mm thick sheeting and thick-to-thin connections in S550 high tensile steel. Overall, six series of tests were conducted and each test was repeated five times in order to demonstrate …

Sidelap And Structural Fastener Tests For Steel Deck Diaphragms, Y. Shi, S. Torabian, Benjamin W. Schafer, W. S. Easterling, M. R. Eatherton

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Steel deck diaphragm systems, which are commonly used for roof construction in steel-framed buildings, consist of many parts such as corrugated steel deck sheets, sidelap fasteners between adjacent sheets, structural fasteners from the sheets to the supporting beams or joists, chord elements, and collectors. Load-deformation behavior of a steel deck diaphragm system is typically dominated by sidelap and structural fastener limit states. To understand and accurately model the behavior of steel deck diaphragm systems, it is therefore necessary to characterize the behavior of the individual fasteners. The effect of local geometry and detailing at these fasteners such as how the …

Shake Table Testing For Seismic Response Evaluation Of Cold-Formed Steel-Framed Nonstructural Architectural Components, Luigi Fiorino, Bianca Bucciero, Tatiana Pali, Ornella Iuorio, Raffaele Landolfo

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The seismic response evaluation of cold-formed steel-framed nonstructural architectural components was investigated in an experimental campaign carried out within of the research study agreement between Knauf Gips KG and the Department of Structures for Engineering and Architecture of the University of Naples “Federico II”. The main objective of this research was to investigate the seismic performance of drywall nonstructural systems, i.e. cold-formed steel-framed indoor partition walls, outdoor façade walls and suspended ceilings. The present paper deals with the dynamic shake table tests. The tests were carried out on two different typologies of prototypes (Type 1 and Type 2) for a …

Stressed Skin Design Of Steel Sheeting Panels – Part 2: Shear Panels With Sheeting Fixed On All 4 Sides, A. M. Wrzesien, James B. P. Lim, I. A. Macleod, R. M. Lawson

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

In this paper, the strength and stiffness of different roof panels were investigated, in order to establish their ability to act as in-plane diaphragms for stressed skin design of cold-formed steel portal frames. A total of 6 roof panels, approximately 3 x 3m, were examined by testing with sheeting profiles fixed on 4 sides. A variety of sheeting profiles in two industry standard thicknesses of 0.5 and 0.7mm were tested, all using top-hat shaped purlins fixed with self-drilling, self-tapping screws. The experimental strength and stiffness of each panel were then compared against existing design methods. The Finite Element Analysis (FEA) …