Environmental Engineering Commons^™

Heavy Metals Adsorption In Simulated Groundwater Using Iron Oxide Particles And Iron Oxide Coated Sand, Ramy Lun

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This study aimed to understand adsorption mechanisms of single of heavy metals such as Mn, As and Fe and a combined heavy metal in simulated groundwater using iron oxide particles (IOP) and iron oxide coated sands (IOCS). The experiment was conducted in batch test. In order to understand mechanism of heavy metals adsorption, pseudo first-order and pseudo second-order of kinetic, and Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied by varying adsorbent dosages from 4 to 24 mg/L ,and 10 to 60 min of times. Optimal dosages for single heavy metals and a combined heavy metal removal were 12, 12, 20 …

การกำจัดซีโอดีและไนโตรเจนด้วยถังกรองชีวภาพแบบเติมอากาศแยกชั้นชนิดไหลขึ้น, ณัฏฐณิชา เตี๊ยะเพชร

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

งานวิจัยนี้ศึกษาการกระจายตัวของน้ำในถังกรองชีวภาพแบบเติมอากาศแยกชั้นชนิดไหลขึ้นที่มีด้านล่างเป็นส่วนไร้อากาศมีการเติมอากาศเฉพาะด้านบน คิดอัตราส่วนของส่วนไร้อากาศต่อส่วนเติมอากาศเป็น 1:2 ในขณะที่ถังปฏิกิริยาไม่มีตัวกลาง มีตัวกลางและเมื่อสิ้นสุดการทดลองที่ตัวกลางมีฟิล์มชีวภาพเกาะอยู่ที่อัตราการเวียนน้ำ 100% พบว่าการกระจายตัวของน้ำในขณะที่ถังปฏิกรณ์ไม่มีตัวกลางและมีตัวกลางมีลักษณะคล้ายกันทั้งที่จุดตรวจวัดก่อนเติมอากาศและจุดน้ำออกมีลักษณะคล้ายกับการไหลแบบไหลตามกันในช่วงแรกก่อนจุดเติมอากาศผสมกับแบบกวนสมบูรณ์ในช่วงเติมอากาศ เนื่องจากผลของการเติมอากาศและการเวียนน้ำ ในขณะที่รูปแบบการไหลของถังเมื่อสิ้นสุดการเดินระบบที่มีฟิล์มชีวภาพเกาะอยู่ปรากฏลักษณะของการไหลแบบไหลตามกันชัดกว่า ระยะเวลาเก็บกักน้ำที่ได้จากการทดลองมีค่าน้อยกว่าที่คำนวณไว้ โดยความคลาดเคลื่อนสูงขึ้นตามระยะเวลากักเก็บน้ำที่มากขึ้น เนื่องจากผลของตัวกลางที่ใส่ลงไปทำให้ปริมาตรจำเพาะ (Effective Volume) ของถังปฏิกิริยาลดลง คิดระยะเวลาเก็บกักน้ำจริงของถังปฏิกิริยาในการทดลองนี้ได้เป็น 84.1% ในขณะที่ประสิทธิภาพในการบำบัดซีโอดีของน้ำเสียสังเคราะห์ที่ซีโอดีและแอมโมเนียเริ่มต้น 400 มล./ล. และ 40 มล.-ไนโตรเจน/ล. ตามลำดับที่ระยะเวลาเก็บกักน้ำทั้ง 2 4 8 และ 12 ชั่วโมง มีประสิทธิภาพเป็น 91.9% 91.6% 92.1% และ 98.7% ตามลำดับ คิดอัตราการบำบัดซีโอดีสูงสุดได้เป็น 171 มก./ล./ชม. ผลการบำบัดไนโตรเจนของระบบพบว่าสามารถเกิดปฏิกิริยาไนตริฟิเคชันและดีไนตริฟิเคชันได้ดีที่ระยะเวลากักเก็บน้ำ 12 และ 8 ชั่วโมง มีประสิทธิภาพในการบำบัดแอมโมเนียไนโตรเจนเป็น 99% มีประสิทธิภาพในการบำบัดไนโตรเจนทั้งหมดเป็น 37.3% และ 52.5% ตามลำดับ ส่วนที่ระยะเวลากักเก็บน้ำ 4 และ 2 ชั่วโมง การเกิดปฏิกิริยาไนตริฟิเคชันต่ำ น้ำขาออกมีแอมโมเนียเหลืออยู่ 30.2±3.99และ 34.4±0.910 มก.-ไนโตรเจน/ล. ตามลำดับ และไม่มีไนไตร์ตและไนเตรตเกิดขึ้น คิดอัตราไนตริฟิเคชันจำเพาะเฉลี่ยได้เป็น 0.0659±0.0107 ก.-ไนโตรเจน/ตร.ม./วัน ดังนั้น สรุปได้ว่าถังกรองชีวภาพแบบเติมอากาศแยกชั้นชนิดไหลขึ้นมีประสิทธิภาพในการบำบัดแอมโมเนียสูงที่ระยะเวลากักเก็บน้ำ 8 และ 12 ชั่วโมง ความเข้มข้นของซีโอดีและแอมโมเนียไนโตรเจนที่น้ำออกมีค่าต่ำกว่ามาตรฐานน้ำทิ้ง เมื่อลดระยะเวลากักเก็บน้ำลดลงต่ำกว่า 4 ชั่วโมงระบบสามารถกำจัดซีโอดีได้ต่ำกว่ามาตรฐานน้ำทิ้ง แต่ประสิทธิภาพในการบำบัดไนโตรเจนลดลง ความเข้มข้นของแอมโมเนียที่น้ำออกสูงกว่ามาตรฐานน้ำทิ้ง รวมถึงมีอัตราการเกิดปฏิกิริยาไนตริฟิเคชันและดีไนตริฟิเคชันต่ำ

Two Pumps, One Volcano: An Epanet Feasbility Study Of Connecting Two Groundwater Pumps In Rural Coastal Communities In West Ambae, Vanuatu, Helen Amiri

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

In situations where groundwater supply shows vulnerability, improving water distribution network resiliency can be desirable. To do so, one water source can be linked with another to provide a redundant source.

On the South Pacific island of Ambae, the water demands of its residents routinely exceeded supply. Residents had traditionally used rainwater collection as their sole water supply source. In 2017, groundwater drilling operations created an alternative water supply at two community institutions, Ndui Ndui Health Center and Londua Junior Secondary School. One borehole went dry during pump testing; the feasibility of linking these two boreholes is investigated herein.

EPANET …

The Social, Educational, And Market Scenario For Nzeb In Europe, Evangelia Topriska, Maria Kolokotroni, Daniela Melandri, Simon Mcguinness, Andrei Ceclan, Georgios C. Christoforidis, Fazio Vittoria, Maria Hadjpannayi, Patrick Hendrick, Marija Kacarska, López Lopez, Kaj Leonhart Petersen, Jutta Steinbrecher

Articles

Nearly Zero Energy Buildings (nZEB) are a significant part of the energy efficiency strategy of the European Union. As buildings represent approximately 40% of the final energy use in Europe, the reduction of their energy demand is key for a sustainable future. This paper takes a qualitative approach and presents data about professional and market barriers, as well as the educational market in relation to the implementation of nZEB policies for new and retrofit buildings in 11 European countries. Different levels of policy enactments and market penetration are reported and are generally found to be more advanced in western and …

Dynamic Rops Test For Tractors Over 6,000 Kilograms, Caleb M. Lindhorst, Roger M. Hoy, Santosh Pitla, Michael F. Kocher

Biological Systems Engineering: Papers and Publications

OECD static tests (Codes 4, 6, 7, and 8) for agricultural rollover protective structures (ROPS) have become accepted standards for evaluating the ability of these structures to protect the operator during tractor rollover events. The strength properties of some materials typically used in ROPS change because of cold weather embrittlement at low temperatures. The static ROPS tests lack the ability to evaluate the strength of these structures during cold weather. The use of the dynamic ROPS test is well noted as a means for proving cold weather embrittlement resistance properties. Unfortunately, application of the OECD dynamic ROPS test (Code 3) …

Field-Based Scoring Of Soybean Iron Deficiency Chlorosis Using Rgb Imaging And Statistical Learning, Geng Bai, Shawn Jenkins, Wenan Yuan, George L. Graef, Yufeng Ge

Biological Systems Engineering: Papers and Publications

Iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC) is an abiotic stress in soybean that can cause significant biomass and yield reduction. IDC is characterized by stunted growth and yellowing and interveinal chlorosis of early trifoliate leaves. Scoring IDC severity in the field is conventionally done by visual assessment. The goal of this study was to investigate the usefulness of Red Green Blue (RGB) images of soybean plots captured under the field condition for IDC scoring. A total of 64 soybean lines with four replicates were planted in 6 fields over 2 years. Visual scoring (referred to as Field Score, or FS) was conducted …

Unmanned Aerial Systems-Based Remote Sensing For Monitoring Sorghum Growth And Development, Sanaz Shafian, Nithya Rajan, Ronnie Schnell, Muthukumar Bagavathiannan, John Valasek, Yeyin Shi, Jeff Olsenholler

Biological Systems Engineering: Papers and Publications

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Systems (UAV or UAS) have become increasingly popular in recent years for agricultural research applications. UAS are capable of acquiring images with high spatial and temporal resolutions that are ideal for applications in agriculture. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of a UAS-based remote sensing system for quantification of crop growth parameters of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) including leaf area index (LAI), fractional vegetation cover (f_c) and yield. The study was conducted at the Texas A&M Research Farm near College Station, Texas, United States. A fixed-wing UAS equipped with a …

Sustainable Waste-To-Energy Technologies: Bioelectrochemical Systems, Rami Ziara, Bruce Dvorak, Jeyamkondan Subbiah

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering: Faculty Publications

The food industry produces a large amount of waste and wastewater, of which most of the constituents are carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and organic fibers. Therefore food wastes are highly biodegradable and energy rich. Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) are systems that use microorganisms to biochemically catalyze complex substrates into useful energy products, in which the catalytic reactions take place on electrodes. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are a type of bioelectrochemical systems that oxidize substrates and generate electric current. Microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) are another type of bioelectrochemical systems that use an external power source to catalyze the substrate into by-products such as …

Three-Dimensional Modeling Of Nitrate-N Transport In Vadose Zone: Roles Of Soil Heterogeneity And Groundwater Flux, Simin Akbariyeh, Shannon L. Bartelt-Hunt, Daniel D. Snow, Xu Li, Zhenghong Tang, Yusong Li

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering: Faculty Publications

Contamination of groundwater from nitrogen fertilizers in agricultural lands is an important environmental and water quality management issue. It is well recognized that in agriculturally intensive areas, fertilizers and pesticides may leach through the vadose zone and eventually reach groundwater. While numerical models are commonly used to simulate fate and transport of agricultural contaminants, few models have considered a controlled field work to investigate the influence of soil heterogeneity and groundwater flow on nitrate-N distribution in both root zone and deep vadose zone.

In this work, a numerical model was developed to simulate nitrate-N transport and transformation beneath a center …

Assessment Of Watershed Nutrient Loads And Effectiveness Of Best Management Practices, Saeid Nazari

Theses and Dissertations--Civil Engineering

Several methods have been developed for use in estimating the water quality loads associated with urban and agricultural landuses and practices. These include the use of sophisticated computer models, typically based on using pollutant loading and runoff functions, regression equations, load export coefficients (LECs), and event mean concentrations (EMCs). This research has examined the feasibility of using a simple EMC approach with the Kentucky Nutrient Model (KYNM). The thesis includes an extensive literature review of EMCs and a synthesis of recommended values for a range of typical urban and agricultural landuses. The thesis also includes an extensive literature review of …

Preferential Pathways For Vapor Intrusion: Site Screening And Field Sampling Of Sewers To Assess Inhalation Exposure Risks, Evan James Willett

Theses and Dissertations--Civil Engineering

Hazardous waste sites and aging wastewater infrastructure are common in the United States. There are hundreds of thousands of contaminated sites and more than a million miles of sewer pipes. Populations living close to hazardous waste sites often suffer from increased risk of adverse health effects due to exposure to contaminated environmental media. Vapor intrusion is one process by which nearby populations can be exposed to volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Aging wastewater infrastructure is important for vapor intrusion site assessments because sewer pipes can serve as preferential vapor transport pathways. Near contaminated sites, pipe deterioration allows migration of contaminants into …

Value Added Products From Lignin And Biomass Derivatives, Chen Li

Civil & Environmental Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Pyrolysis is one of the traditional lignin and biomass utilization methods. The liquid products bio-oil and solid products bio-char are the main value-added products from lignin pyrolysis. Due to the narrow application and low quality, using the pyrolysis method to produce bio-oil and bio-char cannot bring sufficient economic benefits. In this dissertation, two methods were investigated to improve the quality of lignin bio-products.

Instead of direct pyrolysis, chemical activation (pyrolysis) was introduced in this dissertation. Compared to bio-char, the lignin chemical activation product lignin-activated-carbon has better economic value. With the best activation conditions, the lignin-activated-carbon produced a surface area of …

2018 Nebraska Groundwater Quality Monitoring Report

Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality: Reports

The 2001 Nebraska Legislature passed LB329 (Neb. Rev. Stat. §46-1304) which, in part, directed the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (NDEQ) to report on groundwater quality monitoring in Nebraska. Reports have been issued annually since December 2001. The text of the statute applicable to this report follows: “The Department of Environmental Quality shall prepare a report outlining the extent of ground water quality monitoring conducted by natural resources districts during the preceding calendar year. The department shall analyze the data collected for the purpose of determining whether or not ground water quality is degrading or improving and shall present the …

Optimal Sintering Temperature Of Ceria-Doped Scandia Stabilized Zirconia For Use In Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Amanda K. Assuncao

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Carbon emissions are known to cause decay of the Ozone layer in addition to creating pollutant, poisonous air. This has become a growing concern among scientists and engineers across the globe; if this issue is not addressed, it is likely that the Earth will suffer catastrophic consequences. One of the main culprits of these harmful carbon emissions is fuel combustion. Between vehicles, power plants, airplanes, and ships, the world consumes an extraordinary amount of oil and fuel which all contributes to the emissions problem. Therefore, it is crucial to develop alternative energy sources that minimize the impact on the environment. …

Disinfection By-Product Reduction Study Of A Small Central Florida Public Water System, Paul Staubus

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The disinfection of water for potabilization has proven to be one of the most significant public achievements of the 20th century. Although chemical disinfectants are successfully utilized to inactivate acute pathogenic organisms, they may react with natural organic matter (NOM) to produce potentially-harmful disinfection by-products (DBPs). As a result, the United States Environmental Protection Agency regulates DBPs such as total trihalomethanes (TTHMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs). The research herein is focused on the formation, removal, and control of TTHMs and HAAs in a small public water system (PWS) in Polk County, Florida (County). Pilot-scale tests were implemented to determine the …

Evaluating Hydrologic Fluxes Through Stormwater Treatment Systems: Implication To Freshwater Springs In A Karst Environment, Nyle Rice

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In recent years, concentrations of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus have increased in surface and groundwater resources, due in part to non-point source pollution associated with stormwater runoff. The elevated nutrient concentrations found in stormwater runoff have prompted the design of best management practices (BMP's) to mitigate the problem. The overall objective within this thesis is to analyze the performance of innovative surface BMPs and investigate connections between the BMPs and groundwater flows to freshwater springs within a karst environment. The performance of two stormwater BMPs, blanket filters and vertical reactors containing Bio-sorption Activated Media (BAM), are assessed in …

Cee 433: Water Technology & Policy Syllabus, University Of Illinois At Urbana-Champaign, Ashlynn Stillwell

All ECSTATIC Materials

This document is the syllabus for CEE 433: Water Technology & Policy, by instructor Ashlynn S. Stillwell at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The course is an elective class, open to upper-level undergraduate and graduate students.

Cellulose And Sulfate Degradation In A Biochemical Reactor During Treatment Of Mine Drainage, Sweta Ojha

Masters Theses

"Seventy-two biochemical reactors were set up, and operated using a mixture of chip-bark, horse manure, and gravel as the biochemical treatment substrate. The simulated mine water containing sulfate (1000 mg/l) was pumped into each reactor at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/minute (approximate), giving an empty bed contact time of 8 days. The main idea is that the microorganisms present in horse manure would convert the cellulose in chip-bark into volatile fatty acids. The produced volatile fatty acid would enhance the metabolism of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) initially present in horse manure, which would degrade (and eventually remove) the sulfate from …

The Effects Of Long-Duration Subduction Earthquakes On Inelastic Behavior Of Bridge Pile Foundations Subjected To Liquefaction-Induced Lateral Spreading, Jonathan Nasr, Arash Khosravifar

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Effective-stress nonlinear dynamic analyses (NDA) were performed for a large-diameter reinforced concrete (RC) pile in multi-layered liquefiable sloped ground. The objective was to assess the effects of earthquake duration on the combination of inertia and liquefaction-induced lateral spreading. A parametric study was performed using input motions from subduction and crustal earthquakes covering a wide range of motion durations. The NDA results showed that the pile head displacements increased under liquefied conditions, compared to nonliquefied conditions, due to liquefaction-induced lateral spreading. The NDA results were used to develop a displacement-based equivalent static analysis (ESA) method that combines inertial and lateral spreading …

Special Issue: Microbial Community Modeling: Prediction Of Microbial Interactions And Community Dynamics, Hyun-Seob Song

Biological Systems Engineering: Papers and Publications

Microbial communities are networks of species, the interaction structure of which dynamically reorganizes in a varying environment. Even in a static condition, community dynamics are often difficult to predict due to highly nonlinear interspecies interactions. Understanding the fundamental principles of microbial interactions is therefore key for predicting and harnessing community function and properties. As extensively reviewed previously, mathematical models and computational methods that can predictively link interactions to community behaviors are indispensable tools for achieving this goal [1].