Nuclear Commons^™

New Measurements Of The Beam-Normal Single Spin Asymmetry In Elastic Electron Scattering Over A Range Of Spin-0 Nuclei, Prex And Crex Collaborations, D. Adhikari, H. Albataineh, D. Androic, F. Hauenstein, M.N.H. Rashad, W. Zhang, J. Zhang, X. Zheng, Et Al.

Physics Faculty Publications

We report precision determinations of the beam-normal single spin asymmetries (A_n) in the elastic scattering of 0.95 and 2.18 GeV electrons off ¹²C, ⁴⁰Ca, ⁴⁸Ca, and ²⁰⁸Pb at very forward angles where the most detailed theoretical calculations have been performed. The first measurements of A_n for ⁴⁰Ca and ⁴⁸Ca are found to be similar to that of ¹²C, consistent with expectations and thus demonstrating the validity of theoretical calculations for nuclei with Z ≤ 20. We also report A_n for ²⁰⁸Pb at two …

Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering Cross Section At High Bjorken 𝓍B, F. Georges, M.N.H. Rashad, A. Stefanko, J. Zhang, Y. Zhao, P. Zhu, Et Al.

Physics Faculty Publications

We report high-precision measurements of the deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS) cross section at high values of the Bjorken variable 𝓍_B. DVCS is sensitive to the generalized parton distributions of the nucleon, which provide a three-dimensional description of its internal constituents. Using the exact analytic expression of the DVCS cross section for all possible polarization states of the initial and final electron and nucleon, and final state photon, we present the first experimental extraction of all four helicity-conserving Compton form factors (CFFs) of the nucleon as a function of 𝓍_B, while systematically including helicity flip amplitudes. …

Observation Of Azimuth-Dependent Suppression Of Hadron Pairs In Electron Scattering Off Nuclei, S. J. Paul, S. Morán, M. Arratia, A. El Alaoui, H. Hakobyan, W. Brooks, M. J. Amaryan, W. R. Armstrong, H. Atac, L. Baashen, N. A. Baltzell, L. Barion, M. Bashkanov, M. Battaglieri, I. Bedlinskiy, B. Benkel, F. Benmokhtar, A. Bianconi, L. Biondo, A. S. Biselli, M. Bondi, F. Bossù, S. Boiarinov, K.-Th. Brinkmann, W. J. Briscoe, D. Bulumulla, V. D. Burkert, R. Capobianco, D. S. Carman, A. Celentano, V. Chesnokov, T. Chetry, G. Ciullo, P. L. Cole, M. Contalbrigo, G. Constantini, A. D' Angelo, N. Dashyan, R. De Vita, M. Defurne, A. Deur, S. Diehl, C. Dilks, C. Djalali, R. Dupre, H. Egiyan, L. El Fassi, P. Eugenio, S. Fegan, A. Filippi, G. Gavalian, Y. Ghandilyan, G. P. Gilfoyle, A. A. Golubenko, G. Gosta, R. W. Gothe, K. A. Griffioen, M. Guidal, M. Hattawy, T. B. Hayward, D. Heddle, A. Hobart, M. Holtrop, Y. Ilieva, D. G. Ireland, E. L. Isupov, H. S. Jo, R. Johnston, K. Joo, S. Joosten, D. Keller, A. Khanal, M. Khandaker, W. Kim, A. Kripko, V. Kubarovsky, V. Lagerquist, L. Lanza, M. Leali, S. Lee, P. Lenisa, X. Li, K. Livingston, I.J.D. Macgregor, D. Marchand, V. Mascagna, B. Mckinnon, Z. E. Meziani, S. Migliorati, R. G. Milner, T. Mineeva, M. Mirazita, V. I. Mokeev, P. Moran, C. Munoz Camacho, K. Neupane, D. Nguyen, S. Niccolai, G. Niculescu, M. Osipenko, A. I. Ostrovidov, P. Pandey, M. Paolone, L. L. Pappalardo, R. Paremuzyan, E. Pasyuk, W. Phelps, N. Pilleux, D. Pocanic, O. Pogorelko, M. Pokhrel, J. Poudel, J. W. Price, Y. Prok, B. A. Raue, T. Reed, M. Ripani, G. Rosner, F. Sabatié, C. Salgado, A. Schmidt, R. A. Schumacher, Y. G. Sharabian, E. V. Shirokov, U. Shrestha, P. Simmerling, D. Sokhan, N. Sparveris, S. Stepanyan, I. I. Strakovsky, S. Strauch, J. A. Tan, R. Tyson, M. Ungaro, S. Vallarino, L. Venturelli, H. Voskanyan, E. Voutier, X. Wei, R. Wishart, M. H. Wood, N. Zachariou, Z. W. Zhao, V. Ziegler, M. Zurek

Physics Faculty Publications

We present the first measurement of dihadron angular correlations in electron-nucleus scattering. The data were taken with the CLAS detector and a 5.0 GeV electron beam incident on deuterium, carbon, iron, and lead targets. Relative to deuterium, the nuclear yields of charged-pion pairs show a strong suppression for azimuthally opposite pairs, no suppression for azimuthally nearby pairs, and an enhancement of pairs with large invariant mass. These effects grow with increased nuclear size. The data are qualitatively described by the gibuu model, which suggests that hadrons form near the nuclear surface and undergo multiple scattering in nuclei. These results show …

Deep Learning Based Superconducting Radio-Frequency Cavity Fault Classification At Jefferson Laboratory, Lasitha Vidyaratne, Adam Carpenter, Tom Powers, Chris Tennant, Khan M. Iftekharuddin, Md. Monibor Rahman, Anna S. Shabalina

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

This work investigates the efficacy of deep learning (DL) for classifying C100 superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavity faults in the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) at Jefferson Lab. CEBAF is a large, high-power continuous wave recirculating linac that utilizes 418 SRF cavities to accelerate electrons up to 12 GeV. Recent upgrades to CEBAF include installation of 11 new cryomodules (88 cavities) equipped with a low-level RF system that records RF time-series data from each cavity at the onset of an RF failure. Typically, subject matter experts (SME) analyze this data to determine the fault type and identify the cavity of …

Enhancements To Uniformity Of Magnetic Fields At The Sns Nedm Experiment, Ahmad Saftah

Theses and Dissertations--Physics and Astronomy

The nEDM experiment at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) aims to increase
experimental sensitivity to hadronic CP violation by nearly two orders of magnitude.To do that the nEDMSNS experiment requires an extremely uniform magnetic field to maintain ³He polarization during transit to the measurement cell. The Magnetic Shield Enclosure (MSE) coil provides the required field. However, the superconducting shield distorts the MSE field.

This thesis discusses a magnetic cloak for the nEDM@SNS experiment that can restore the MSE field uniformity and cos theta coils designed to test the magnetic cloak in the first part. The second part of this …

An Energy-Integrated Analysis For Measuring The Anomalous Precession Frequency For The Muon G − 2 Experiment At Fermilab, Laura Kelton

Theses and Dissertations--Physics and Astronomy

In the search for physics beyond the Standard Model, the Muon g − 2 Experiment at Fermilab (E989) will make the most precise measurement of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, a_μ. Improvements in precision come from both increased statistics and new techniques to significantly reduce previous systematic uncertainties. The muon a_μ is determined by extracting both the anomalous spin precession frequency, ω_a, and the average magnetic field sampled by the muons, B. Traditionally an energy threshold analysis method which requires reconstruction of decay positrons from the muon decay, μ⁺ → e^{+ …}

Elastic And Inelastic Compton Scattering From Deuterium At 61 Mev, Danula Godagama

Theses and Dissertations--Physics and Astronomy

A Compton scattering experiment using deuteron as target nuclei was carried out at the HIγS free electron laser facility at Durham, NC, with the goal of extracting the electromagnetic scalar polarizabilities of the neutron, α_n and β_n. A beam of 61~MeV gamma photons with a narrow energy spread was incident on a liquid deuterium target. The scattered gamma rays were detected at three scattering angles, 55^o, 115^o and 150^o. Backward-scattered gamma rays were detected using two large-volume NaI spectrometers with energy resolution (σ_E/E) better than 2%. The combined effect of …

Neutron Spectroscopy Of The Parity-Violating 0.734 Ev Neutron Resonance In Lanthanum-139 In Preparation For The Noptrex Time Reversal Violation Experiment, Danielle Schaper

Theses and Dissertations--Physics and Astronomy

One of the most outstanding questions in physics is the matter-antimatter asymmetry of the Universe, resulting from excess baryogenesis processes during the early moments of the formation of the Universe. At present, the types of processes needed to explain this matter excess, so-called `CP-violating processes' are known to exist within the present framework of the Standard Model of particle physics. However, decades of research has shown that our understanding of the origin of these processes is incomplete, as we do not presently know of enough sources of CP-violating processes to account for the large baryon asymmetry that we observe. The …

Extraction Of Deep Inelastic Cross Sections Using A 10.4 Gev Electron Beam And A Polarized Helium-3 Target, Murchhana Roy

Theses and Dissertations--Physics and Astronomy

Experiment E12-06-121 at Jefferson Lab aims to do a precision measurement of the neutron spin structure function g₂ using inclusive inelastic scattering of electrons over a large kinematic range of x and Q². The third moment of the linear combination of the spin structure functions g₁ and g₂, d₂, is one of the cleanest higher twist observables and contains information on quark-gluon correlations. It is connected to the "color polarizability" or "color Lorentz force" of the nucleon. The experimental data taking was successfully conducted in Hall C using a longitudinally polarized electron …

Energy Integrated Ratio Analysis Of The Anomalous Precession Frequency In The Fermilab Muon G-2 Experiment, Ritwika Chakraborty

Theses and Dissertations--Physics and Astronomy

The muon’s anomalous magnetic moment, a_μ, provides a unique way for probing physics beyond the standard model experimentally as it gathers contributions from all the known and unknown forces and particles in nature. The theoretical prediction of a_μ has been in greater than 3 σ tension with the experimental measurement since the results of the Muon g-2 Experiment at the Brookhaven National Laboratory (E-821) were published in the early 2000s with a precision of 540 ppb. To settle this tension, the new Fermilab Muon g - 2 Experiment (E-989) is currently taking data with the aim of …

Studies Of Time Variations Of The Magnetic Field In The Nedm@Sns Experiment, Mojtaba Behzadipour

Theses and Dissertations--Physics and Astronomy

It is thought that equal quantities of matter and antimatter were generated at the moment of the Big Bang. However, observations of the Universe show that there is a significant excess of matter over antimatter. The matter-antimatter asymmetry in the Universe (baryon to photon ratio) is observed to be of the order of 10^-10 [1]. Baryogenesis is a possible explanation for the matter-antimatter asymmetry of the universe. In 1967, Sakharov proposed three criteria necessary for Baryogenesis. The three conditions are: 1) baryon number violation, 2) C and CP violation and 3) departure from thermal equilibrium. However, the Standard Model's …

High Performance Data Acquisition And Analysis Routines For The Nab Experiment, David Mathews

Theses and Dissertations--Physics and Astronomy

Probes of the Standard Model of particle physics are pushing further and further into the so-called “precision frontier”. In order to reach the precision goals of these experiments, a combination of elegant experimental design and robust data acquisition and analysis is required. Two experiments that embody this philosophy are the Nab and Calcium-45 experiments. These experiments are probing the understanding of the weak interaction by examining the beta decay of the free neutron and Calcium-45 respectively. They both aim to measure correlation parameters in the neutron beta decay alphabet, a and b. The parameter a, the electron-neutrino correlation coefficient, is …

Utilizing Parity Violating Electron Scattering As A Probe To Measure The Neutron Radius Of 208-Pb, David Eric King

Dissertations - ALL

The Lead Radius Experiment 2 (PREX-II) and Calcium Radius Experiment (CREX) carried out in Hall A of the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility were designed to measure the neutron skins of 208-Pb and 48-Ca nuclei by measuring the parity-violating asymmetry APV of the elastic scattering of polarized electrons on 208-Pb and 48-Ca targets. In order to achieve a precision measurement of the neutron skins of 208-Pb and 48-Ca it is imperative to maintain precise control over many experimental parameters–one of which is a precision measurement of the electron beam polarization (which is the largest contributor to experimental error making control …

Design And Construction Of A Modular Nai(Tl) Detector Array For Use In The Parity- And Time Reversal Violation Measurements For Noptrex, Jon Mills, Jason Fry

Posters-at-the-Capitol

The goal of the NOPTREX collaboration is to probe the Standard Model by utilizing the properties of low energy neutron-nucleus resonances to find evidence of parity- and time-reversal-odd violations. In order to conduct these sensitive experiments, it is needed to design and simulate an array of modular, high precision NaI(Tl) detectors. These detectors will be designed to operate in both pulse and current modes. We have tentative beam time at LANSCE to perform a search for new parity violation in heavy nuclei as candidates for time reversal and to perform a research and development effort on the n+d=t+gamma experiment. We …

Evaluation And Improvement Of Nuclear Security Measures At A Radiological Facility In Morocco, Halima Jemmal, Abdelmajid Choukri, Mohammed Mouhib

International Journal of Nuclear Security

Nuclear security combines both concepts of physical security and security culture within a nuclear facility to protect people, property, society and the environment from harmful effects of ionization radiation. Physical security means prevention, detection, and response to unauthorized removal, sabotage, and/or illegal transfer involving radioactive sources and nuclear material. Nuclear security culture is the human factor within the nuclear field which is considered a principal means to support and enhance nuclear security system. This paper presents a study of nuclear security system already established within a radiological facility considering concepts such as: deter, detect, delay, and response layers. This study …

Nuclear Transparency From Quasi-Elastic $^{12}C(E,E'P)$ Scattering Reaction Up To $Q^2=14.2 ~(Gev/C)^{2}$ In Hall C At Jefferson Lab, Deepak Kumar Bhetuwal

Theses and Dissertations

Color Transparency $(CT)$ is a unique prediction of Quantum Chromodynamics $(QCD)$ where the final (and/or initial) state interactions of hadrons with the nuclear medium are suppressed for exclusive processes at high momentum transfers. While this phenomenon has been observed for mesons, there has never been a conclusive observation for baryons. A clear signal of $CT$ for baryons would be the first evidence of baryons fluctuating to a small size in the nucleus, and the onset would show the transition from nucleon-meson picture to quark-gluon degrees of freedom. The experiment $E1206107$, searching for the onset of $CT$ in protons was completed …

Athena: A Unique Radiation Environment Platform At The National Ignition Facility, Nicholas J. Quartemont, George Peterson, Colton Moran, Adib J. Samin, Buguo Wang, Charles Yeamans, Brandon Woodworth, Darren Holland, James C. Petrosky, James E. Bevins

Faculty Publications

This paper describes the ATHENA platform, an energy tuning assembly, which was developed to spectrally shape the National Ignition Facility (NIF) deuterium–tritium fusion neutron source to a thermonuclear (fusion) plus prompt fission neutron spectrum with a capability to act as a short-pulse neutron source. This unique, otherwise inaccessible radiation environment complements existing experimental facilities and capabilities. The flexible ATHENA irradiation positions were modeled using an ensemble of Monte Carlo simulations with stochastic sampling of the nuclear cross-sections to characterize the radiation environments and uncertainty for the platform. Validation of the internal neutron spectrum produced from fielding ATHENA at NIF occurred …

Theory Of Change, Center For Complexity

Horizon 2045

Horizon 2045 (H2045) is a 25-year initiative to end the nuclear weapons century.

We urgently need to manage the intertwined existential risks of the Anthropocene—the geological era that began with the 1945 Trinity Test and is characterized by humankind’s newfound capacity to destroy itself along with all life on the planet.

Recent research has shown that concerns about existential threats have become palpable, as has the desire to solve human-made problems and move to a brighter future. This offers an important opportunity: By considering nuclear weapons in the context of other dangers, we can dismantle conventional wisdom that nuclear weapons …

Reinvigorating A Technical Countering Weapons Of Mass Destruction Distance Learning Graduate Certificate Program, James C. Petrosky, Gaiven Varshney, Jeremy Slagley, Sara Shaghaghi

Faculty Publications

Current Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction (CWMD) demands can be divided broadly into policy and science. The science of chemical, biological, and radiological/nuclear weapons informs the limits of development, production, employment, operation, detection, risk characterization, human and material protection, and medical intervention. In short, the science of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) should precede and inform the development of policy. It is to this end that the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) CWMD program was re-established, providing a technical educational option for practitioners to understand the science behind a very technically challenging subject.

Efficient Neuromorphic Algorithms For Gamma-Ray Spectrum Denoising And Radionuclide Identification, Merlin Phillip Carson

Dissertations and Theses

Radionuclide detection and identification are important tasks for deterring a potentially catastrophic nuclear event. Due to high levels of background radiation from both terrestrial and extraterrestrial sources, some form of noise reduction pre-processing is required for a gamma-ray spectrum prior to being analyzed by an identification algorithm so as to determine the identity of anomalous sources. This research focuses on the use of neuromorphic algorithms for the purpose of developing low power, accurate radionuclide identification devices that can filter out non-anomalous background radiation and other artifacts created by gamma-ray detector measurement equipment, along with identifying clandestine, radioactive material.

A sparse …