Adaptive Neh With Constrained Nearest Neighbor Subtours For The Electric Vehicle Routing Problem With Time Windows,
2024
Central Washington University
Adaptive Neh With Constrained Nearest Neighbor Subtours For The Electric Vehicle Routing Problem With Time Windows, Andrew Struthers
All Master's Theses
The development of electric vehicles is currently considered one of the most innovative areas in manufacturing. Largely driven by the desire to reduce greenhouse emissions, electric vehicles are seen as a viable alternative to internal combustion engine cars. Starting from consumer cars, a dedicated effort is being made to translate this into commercial vehicles for freight and delivery. This research introduces a novel adaptive Nawaz, Enscore, Ham (NEH) algorithm with constrained nearest neighbor subtour (NEH-NN). This algorithm is tested on the standard benchmark problems in literature and used as a seed solution for the Genetic Algorithm (GA). The performance and …
A Generalization Of The Graham-Pollak Tree Theorem To Even-Order Steiner Distance,
2024
University of South Carolina
A Generalization Of The Graham-Pollak Tree Theorem To Even-Order Steiner Distance, Joshua Cooper, Gabrielle Tauscheck
Faculty Publications
Graham and Pollak showed in 1971 that the determinant of a tree’s distance matrix depends only on its number of vertices, and, in particular, it is always nonzero. The Steiner distance of a collection of k vertices in a graph is the fewest number of edges in any connected subgraph containing those vertices; for k = 2, this reduces to the ordinary definition of graphical distance. Here we show that the hyperdeterminant of the kth order Steiner distance hypermatrix is always nonzero if k is even, extending their result beyond k = 2. Previously, the authors showed that the k-Steiner …
The Effect Of The Expanded Child And Dependent Care Tax Credit On Maternal Labor Supply,
2024
University of Richmond
The Effect Of The Expanded Child And Dependent Care Tax Credit On Maternal Labor Supply, Abby Letocha
Honors Theses
Policies that subsidize childcare have many potential economic benefits such as mitigating the high cost of childcare, incentivizing families to have more children, increasing paid childcare participation, and increasing parental labor supply. In this paper, I focus on the effect of childcare subsidies on maternal labor supply through a tax policy expansion. The Child and Dependent Care Tax Credit (CDCTC) is the primary federal childcare subsidy in the United States, and it was temporarily expanded in 2021 under the American Rescue Plan Act. This expansion increased the generosity of the credit and made it fully refundable for the 2021 tax …
The Impact Of U.S. News And World Report College Rankings On Prospective Students’ Decisions And Enrollment Outcomes,
2024
University of Richmond
The Impact Of U.S. News And World Report College Rankings On Prospective Students’ Decisions And Enrollment Outcomes, Camilla Schneider
Honors Theses
The following paper further expands on previous research using more recent data which is important given changes in the last decade. This paper will answer the question: How do U.S. News and World Report college rankings impact college application and enrollment decisions for prospective students within American public and private colleges and universities? Application decisions refer to the choice to apply to a school while enrollment decisions refer to the choice to attend a school after being accepted. This paper analyzes Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDs) admissions/applicant, fall enrollment, and financial data alongside historical USNWR rankings lists to investigate …
On Cyclically 4-Connected Cubic Graphs,
2024
Bloomberg L.P.
On Cyclically 4-Connected Cubic Graphs, R. J. Kingan, S. R. Kingan
Publications and Research
A 3-connected cubic graph is cyclically 4-connected if it has at least n ≥ 8 vertices and when removal of a set of three edges results in a disconnected graph, only one component has cycles. By introducing the notion of cycle spread to quantify the distance between pairs of edges, we get a new characterization of cyclically 4-connected graphs. Let Qn and Vn denote the ladder and Möbius ladder on n ≥ 8 vertices, respectively. We prove that a 3-connected cubic graph G is cyclically 4-connected if and only if G is either the Petersen graph, Q …
Constacyclic Codes Of Length With Three Prime Factors And Primitive Idempotents,
2024
Faculty of Science
Constacyclic Codes Of Length With Three Prime Factors And Primitive Idempotents, Supakarn Rakphon
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
Let Fq be a finite field of order q and t be a prime such that q t − 1 = l v1 1 l v2 2 l v3 3 c where l1, l2, l3 are distinct odd primes with gcd(l1l2l3, q(q−1)) = 1 and c is a positive integer with gcd(l1l2l3, c) = 1. In this thesis, we find all irreducible divisors of x l m1 1 l m2 2 l m3 3 −a over Fq and all generator polynomials for constructing a-constacyclic codes of length l m1 1 l m2 2 l m3 3 . In addition, we …
Contrastive Learning, With Application To Forensic Identification Of Source,
2024
South Dakota State University
Contrastive Learning, With Application To Forensic Identification Of Source, Cole Ryan Patten
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Forensic identification of source problems often fall under the category of verification problems, where recent advances in deep learning have been made by contrastive learning methods. Many forensic identification of source problems deal with a scarcity of data, an issue addressed by few-shot learning. In this work, we make specific what makes a neural network a contrastive network. We then consider the use of contrastive neural networks for few-shot learning classification problems and compare them to other statistical and deep learning methods. Our findings indicate similar performance between models trained by contrastive loss and models trained by cross-entropy loss. We …
Optimal Network Analysis Through Vertex Order Coloring Of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Graph Operations,
2024
Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology
Optimal Network Analysis Through Vertex Order Coloring Of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Graph Operations, A. Meenakshi, S. Dhanushiya, Hong Qin, Maniyandy Elangovan
Data Science Faculty Publications
Intuitionistic fuzzy graphs IFGs are a powerful tool for modeling uncertainty and complex relationships. They offer versatile frameworks for addressing real-world challenges. In this research, we have introduced intuitionistic fuzzy vertex order coloring IFVOC and analyzed the alpha-strong (alpha str), beta-strong (beta str), and gamma-strong (gamma str) vertices through their degree. We explored important theorems based on the types of strong vertices, broadening the scope of our study. We analyzed multiple IFG products to determine the most optimal network based on some important metrics, including the weight and total number of alpha str vertices, the chromatic number, and the weight …
Generating Neutrosophic Random Variables Based Gamma Distribution,
2024
University of New Mexico
Generating Neutrosophic Random Variables Based Gamma Distribution, Maissam Ahmad Jdid, Florentin Smarandache, Khalifa Al Shaqsi
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
In practical life, we encounter many systems that cannot be studied directly, either due to their high cost or because some of these systems cannot be studied directly. Therefore, we resort to the simulation method, which depends on applying the study to systems similar to real ones and then projecting these results if they are suitable for the real system. The simulation process requires a good understanding of probability distributions and the methods used to transform random numbers that follow a regular distribution in the field [0,1] into random variables that follow them, so that we can achieve the greatest …
Beyond Cryptic Equations: Reimagining Concepts In Physics Through Metaheuristics And Fantasy Stories Using Neutrosophic Venn Diagram,
2024
University of New Mexico
Beyond Cryptic Equations: Reimagining Concepts In Physics Through Metaheuristics And Fantasy Stories Using Neutrosophic Venn Diagram, Victor Christianto, Florentin Smarandache
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
Physics, the grand narrative of the universe, bas long been viewed as realm of cold, hard equations. But what if we looked beyond the formulas and considered a more imaginative origin for some of its concepts? This article explores the intriguing possibility that physics, and even cosmology, might share a surprising kinship with metaheuristics and fantastical fiction.
Partial Collisions Of Unmater-Matter, Unmatter-Antimatter, And Unmatter1-Unmatter2 To Generate High Energy,
2024
University of New Mexico
Partial Collisions Of Unmater-Matter, Unmatter-Antimatter, And Unmatter1-Unmatter2 To Generate High Energy, Florentin Smarandache
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
In this paper we present the possibility of partial collisions between unmatter with matter, and unmatter with antimatter, and two or more different types of unmatters colliding between themselves to create high energy. In general, the collisions between unmatter with matter, or with antimatter, or with other type of unmatter, because being partial, they release less energy than the matter-unmatter collision which is a total collision. But the unmatter may be easier to produce in laboratory than antimatter.
Ermakov Equations Can Be Derived From Zel’Dovich Pancake, And They Are Cold And Nonlocal Through Using Neutrosophic Venn Diagram,
2024
University of New Mexico
Ermakov Equations Can Be Derived From Zel’Dovich Pancake, And They Are Cold And Nonlocal Through Using Neutrosophic Venn Diagram, Victor Christianto, Florentin Smarandache
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
As we argue in a previous article, the labyrinthine worlds of Jorge Luis Borges are more than captivating narratives; they are portals to a deeper understanding of existence. By weaving elements of science-fiction fantasy with philosophical and ethical inquiries, Borges's short stories bridge the seemingly disparate realms of physics and the humanities, offering fertile ground for contemporary physics research. The present-day universe consists of galaxies, galaxy clusters, one-dimensional filaments and two-dimensional sheets or pancakes, all of which combine to form the cosmic web. The so called ”Zeldovich pancakes”, are very difficult to observe, because their overdensity is only slightly greater …
Two Applications Of The Concepts Of Pole And Polar With Respect To A Circle,
2024
University of New Mexico
Two Applications Of The Concepts Of Pole And Polar With Respect To A Circle, Ion Pătrașcu, Florentin Smarandache
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
In this article, we present in a unified form the theoretical results regarding the concepts of pole and polar with respect to a circle, and as applications of these, we offer a demonstration of Newton’s theorem related to the circumscribed quadrilateral and a demonstration of a theorem usually derived as a particular case of Pascal’s theorem related to the inscribed hexagon.
New Trends In Neutrosophic Theories And Applications, Volume Iii,
2024
University of New Mexico
New Trends In Neutrosophic Theories And Applications, Volume Iii, Florentin Smarandache, Surapati Pramanik
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
The field of neutrosophic set theory and its applications has been rapidly expanding, particularly since the introduction of the journal "Neutrosophic Sets and Systems." New theories, techniques, and algorithms are being developed at a very high rate. One of the most notable trends in neutrosophic theory is its hybridization with other set theories such as rough set theory, bipolar set theory, soft set theory, hesitant fuzzy set theory, and more. Various hybrid structures like rough neutrosophic sets, neutrosophic soft set, single valued neutrosophic hesitant fuzzy sets, among others, have been proposed in a short period. Neutrosophic sets have proven to …
The Cardinal Of The M-Powerset Of A Set Of N Elements Used In The Superhyperstructures And Neutrosophic Superhyperstructures,
2024
University of New Mexico
The Cardinal Of The M-Powerset Of A Set Of N Elements Used In The Superhyperstructures And Neutrosophic Superhyperstructures, Florentin Smarandache
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
In this paper, we find a formula for computing the cardinal of the m-th powerset of a set of n elements, which is needed in the SuperHyperStructures.
Combined Plithogenic Hypersoft Sets In Decision Making On Supplier Selection With Different Mcdm Approaches.,
2024
University of New Mexico
Combined Plithogenic Hypersoft Sets In Decision Making On Supplier Selection With Different Mcdm Approaches., Sikkanan Sudha, Ravi Priya, Nivetha Martin, Said Broumi, Florentin Smarandache
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
Decision making methods integrated with Plithogenic sets are highly feasible and resilient in designing optimal solutions. This research work identifies the research gaps of limited applications of combined plithogenic hypersoft sets (CPHSS) and hence proposes a supplier selection decision problem with an integrated approach combining CPHSS with MCDM methods. A generalized form of Plithogenic accuracy function is used in determining the plithogenic accuracy matrix to which the prominent ranking methods of TOPSIS, ELECTRE, VIKOR and MAIRCA are applied. The proposed hybrid decision approach is illustrated using supplier selection decision problem as a case study. The ranking results are compared with …
Introduction To Upside-Down Logic: Its Deep Relation To Neutrosophic Logic And Applications,
2024
University of New Mexico
Introduction To Upside-Down Logic: Its Deep Relation To Neutrosophic Logic And Applications, Takaaki Fujita, Florentin Smarandache
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
In the study of uncertainty, concepts such as fuzzy sets [113], fuzzy graphs [79], and neutrosophic sets [88] have been extensively investigated. This paper focuses on a novel logical framework known as Upside-Down Logic, which systematically transforms truths into falsehoods and vice versa by altering contexts, meanings, or perspectives. The concept was first introduced by F. Smarandache in [99]. To contribute to the growing interest in this area, this paper presents a mathematical definition of Upside-Down Logic, supported by illustrative examples, including applications related to the Japanese language. Additionally, it introduces and explores Contextual Upside-Down Logic, an advanced extension that …
Remark On Falaco Soliton As A Tunneling Mechanism In A Navier-Stokes Universe,
2024
University of New Mexico
Remark On Falaco Soliton As A Tunneling Mechanism In A Navier-Stokes Universe, Victor Christianto, Florentin Smarandache
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
This paper is a follow up to our previous article [1] suggesting that it is possible to find tunneling time solutions for Schrodinger equation considering quasicrystalline as interstellar matter, by virtue of quasicrystalline potential. The paper also discusses the mapping of these equations to Riccati equations, a class of nonlinear differential equations. This mapping can provide insights into the behavior of the Navier-Stokes equations and may lead to new methods for solving them. The Navier-Stokes equations, a set of nonlinear partial differential equations, are fundamental in fluid mechanics. They describe the motion of viscous fluids. In three dimensions, these equations …
Logical Pluralism And Neutrosophy: Reflections On The Nature Of Truth,
2024
University of New Mexico
Logical Pluralism And Neutrosophy: Reflections On The Nature Of Truth, Florentin Smarandache
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
The article explores the shift from classical binary logic (true and false) to a more complex landscape of logical frameworks. It introduces logical pluralism, which suggests that no single, universally accepted system of logic exists. The paper connects this idea to neutrosophy, a framework that extends fuzzy logic by incorporating a third value: indeterminacy. This triadic approach, where every proposition has a degree of truth (T), falsity (F), and indeterminacy (I), is particularly useful for managing incomplete or contradictory information. The author argues that different logical systems, like different tools, are suited for different problems, and that the …
Analyzing Imprecise Data From Wireless Temperature Sensor,
2024
University of New Mexico
Analyzing Imprecise Data From Wireless Temperature Sensor, Usama Afzal, Muhammad Aslam, Muhammad Ahmed Shehzad, Florentin Smarandache
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
Various sensors play an important role in the monitoring and development of robotic technology. We present a contemporary statistical analysis method for evaluating datasets generated by robotic systems. Specifically, this data set originates from the physical structure of the robot and is acquired by a wireless temperature sensor. The data collection process spans a temporal period of 1 to 10 hours during the operational period of the robot. The collected data is subjected to a rigorous analysis using neutrosophic methodology. To facilitate this, a modern neutrosophic formula has been devised, drawing on definitions established within the field. To benchmark the …
