Databases and Information Systems Commons^™

Hgprompt: Bridging Homogeneous And Heterogeneous Graphs For Few-Shot Prompt Learning, Xingtong Yu, Yuan Fang, Zemin Liu, Xinming Zhang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Graph neural networks (GNNs) and heterogeneous graph neural networks (HGNNs) are prominent techniques for homogeneous and heterogeneous graph representation learning, yet their performance in an end-to-end supervised framework greatly depends on the availability of task-specific supervision. To reduce the labeling cost, pre-training on selfsupervised pretext tasks has become a popular paradigm, but there is often a gap between the pre-trained model and downstream tasks, stemming from the divergence in their objectives. To bridge the gap, prompt learning has risen as a promising direction especially in few-shot settings, without the need to fully fine-tune the pre-trained model. While there has been …

Simple Image-Level Classification Improves Open-Vocabulary Object Detection, Ruohuan Fang, Guansong Pang, Xiao Bai

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Open-Vocabulary Object Detection (OVOD) aims to detect novel objects beyond a given set of base categories on which the detection model is trained. Recent OVOD methods focus on adapting the image-level pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs), such as CLIP, to a region-level object detection task via, eg., region-level knowledge distillation, regional prompt learning, or region-text pre-training, to expand the detection vocabulary. These methods have demonstrated remarkable performance in recognizing regional visual concepts, but they are weak in exploiting the VLMs' powerful global scene understanding ability learned from the billion-scale image-level text descriptions. This limits their capability in detecting hard objects of …

Foodmask: Real-Time Food Instance Counting, Segmentation And Recognition, Huu-Thanh Nguyen, Yu Cao, Chong-Wah Ngo, Wing-Kwong Chan

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Food computing has long been studied and deployed to several applications. Understanding a food image at the instance level, including recognition, counting and segmentation, is essential to quantifying nutrition and calorie consumption. Nevertheless, existing techniques are limited to either category-specific instance detection, which does not reflect precisely the instance size at the pixel level, or category-agnostic instance segmentation, which is insufficient for dish recognition. This paper presents a compact and fast multi-task network, namely FoodMask, for clustering-based food instance counting, segmentation and recognition. The network learns a semantic space simultaneously encoding food category distribution and instance height at pixel basis. …

Recommendations With Minimum Exposure Guarantees: A Post-Processing Framework, Ramon Lopes, Rodrigo Alves, Antoine Ledent, Rodrygo L. T. Santos, Marius Kloft

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Relevance-based ranking is a popular ingredient in recommenders, but it frequently struggles to meet fairness criteria because social and cultural norms may favor some item groups over others. For instance, some items might receive lower ratings due to some sort of bias (e.g. gender bias). A fair ranking should balance the exposure of items from advantaged and disadvantaged groups. To this end, we propose a novel post-processing framework to produce fair, exposure-aware recommendations. Our approach is based on an integer linear programming model maximizing the expected utility while satisfying a minimum exposure constraint. The model has fewer variables than previous …

Imitate The Good And Avoid The Bad: An Incremental Approach To Safe Reinforcement Learning, Minh Huy Hoang, Mai Anh Tien, Pradeep Varakantham

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

A popular framework for enforcing safe actions in Reinforcement Learning (RL) is Constrained RL, where trajectory based constraints on expected cost (or other cost measures) are employed to enforce safety and more importantly these constraints are enforced while maximizing expected reward. Most recent approaches for solving Constrained RL convert the trajectory based cost constraint into a surrogate problem that can be solved using minor modifications to RL methods. A key drawback with such approaches is an over or underestimation of the cost constraint at each state. Therefore, we provide an approach that does not modify the trajectory based cost constraint …

When Evolutionary Computation Meets Privacy, Bowen Zhao, Wei-Neng Chen, Xiaoguo Li, Ximeng Liu, Qingqi Pei, Jun Zhang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Recently, evolutionary computation (EC) has experienced significant advancements due to the integration of machine learning, distributed computing, and big data technologies. These developments have led to new research avenues in EC, such as distributed EC and surrogate-assisted EC. While these advancements have greatly enhanced the performance and applicability of EC, they have also raised concerns regarding privacy leakages, specifically the disclosure of optimal results and surrogate models. Consequently, the combination of evolutionary computation and privacy protection becomes an increasing necessity. However, a comprehensive exploration of privacy concerns in evolutionary computation is currently lacking, particularly in terms of identifying the object, …

Mitigating Fine-Grained Hallucination By Fine-Tuning Large Vision-Language Models With Caption Rewrites, Lei Wang, Jiabang He, Shenshen Li, Ning Liu, Ee-Peng Lim

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance in natural language processing (NLP) tasks. To comprehend and execute diverse human instructions over image data, instruction-tuned large vision-language models (LVLMs) have been introduced. However, LVLMs may suffer from different types of object hallucinations. Nevertheless, LVLMs are evaluated for coarse-grained object hallucinations only (i.e., generated objects non-existent in the input image). The fine-grained object attributes and behaviors non-existent in the image may still be generated but not measured by the current evaluation methods. In this paper, we thus focus on reducing fine-grained hallucinations of LVLMs. We propose ReCaption, a framework that consists …

Men Are From Mars And Women Are From Venus: Dyadic Collaboration In The Metaverse, Shu Schiller, Fiona Fui-Hoon Nah, Andy Luse, Keng Siau

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Purpose: The gender composition of teams remains an important yet complex element in unlocking the success of collaboration and performance in the metaverse. In this study, the authors examined the collaborations of same- and mixed-gender dyads to investigate how gender composition influences perceptions of the dyadic collaboration process and outcomes at both the individual and team levels in the metaverse. Design/methodology/approach: Drawing on expectation states theory and social role theory, the authors hypothesized differences between dyads of different gender compositions. A blocked design was utilized where 432 subjects were randomly assigned to teams of different gender compositions: 101 male dyads, …

A Computational Profile Of Invasive Lionfish In Belize: A New Insight On A Destructive Species, Joshua E. Balan

The Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research

Since their discovery in the region in 2009, invasive Indonesian-native lionfish have been taking over the Belize Barrier Reef. As a result, populations of local species have dwindled as they are either eaten or outcompeted by the invaders. This has led to devastating losses ecologically and economically; massive industries in the local nations, such as fisheries and tourism, have suffered greatly. Attempting to combat this, local organizations, from nonprofits to ecotourism companies, have been manually spear-hunting them on scuba dives to cull the population. One such company, Reef Conservation Institute (ReefCI), operating out of Tom Owens Caye outside of Placencia, …

Triberta And Beyond: Redefining Entity Resolution With Large Language Models, Bi Foua

Theses and Dissertations

Entity resolution (ER) plays a pivotal role across domains by enabling data integration and quality improvement. This dissertation delves into the evolving landscape of ER, introducing innovative approaches that redefine this fundamental task. The first contribution is TriBERTa, a novel representation learning model tailored for ER. TriBERTa sets new benchmarks in entity matching and demonstrates versatility across ER processes like data blocking and resolution. Empirical evaluations on diverse datasets showcase TriBERTa’s superior performance over existing representations, including from large language models. The second contribution explores the use generative language models like GPT-3.5 and Dolly 2.0 for cross-domain entity matching using …

Strategic Research On Information Technology Promoting National Governance Modernization—Review On The S70th Xiangshan Science Conferences, Chao Zhang, Weiyu Duan, Kaihua Chen, Xiaoguang Yang, Yuntao Long

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

This study systematically summarizes the reports and speeches of the S70th Xiangshan Science Conferences on the theme of “Strategic Research on Information Technology Promoting the National Governance Modernization” and summarizes the consensus of the conference in the following three aspects. (1) Important progress and achievements have been made in the four typical areas, i.e., smart justice, internet governance, data governance, and emergency management. (2) Using information technology to promote the modernization of national governance is confronted with unprecedented opportunities and challenges. And (3) it is necessary to take a series of effective measures to promote information technology to facilitate the …

Are Academia And Industry Listening To Each Other? A Citation Analysis Of Ux Research Methods Resources, Abigail Bakke, Leonard Dibono

English Department Publications

Technical and Professional Communication (TPC) has been facing concerns of viability, in both its relationship with industry and its ability to build a relevant and valid body of research. TPC’s disconnection with industry may be reflected in its relationship to UX as well, despite both fields’ shared values. To better understand how TPC and User Experience (UX) are relating to each other, we conducted a citation analysis of a sample of SIGDOC papers and a sample of Nielsen Norman Group (NN/g) practitioner articles focused on research methods. The SIGDOC papers tended to cite TPC sources, while the NN/g articles cited …

Resource Management And Optimization Of Interactive Microservice And Mpi-Based Ensemble Applications In The Cloud, Md Rajib Hossen

Computer Science and Engineering Dissertations - Archive

As user-interactive applications in the cloud transition from monolithic services to agile microservice architectures, efficient resource management becomes a key challenge. The multitude of loosely coupled components and fluctuating traffic patterns make traditional cloud autoscaling methods ineffective. Existing machine learning-based approaches, while attempting to address this, often require extensive training data and can lead to intentional violations of service level objectives (SLOs). To tackle these challenges, I propose PEMA (Practical Efficient Microservice Autoscaling), a lightweight resource manager for microservices. PEMA aims to optimize resource allocation through opportunistic resource reduction, considering the intricate dependencies between microservices.

On another front, scientific workflows …

It Is Not Only About Having Good Attitudes: Factor Exploration Of The Attitudes Toward Security Recommendations, Miguel A. Toro-Jarrin, Pilar Pazos, Miguel A. Padilla

Engineering Management & Systems Engineering Faculty Publications

Numerous factors determine information security-related actions (IS-actions) in the workplace. Attitudes toward following security rules and recommendations and attitudes toward specific IS actions determine intentions associated with those actions. IS research has examined the role of the instrumental aspect of attitudes. However, authors argue that attitudes toward a behavioral object are a multidimensional construct. We examined the dimensionality of attitudes toward security recommendations, hypothesized its multidimensional nature, and developed a new scale [attitudes toward security recommendations (ASR scale)]. The results indicated the multidimensional nature of attitudes toward security recommendations supporting our hypothesis. The results revealed two dimensions corresponding to the …

Development Of A Collaborative Research Platform For Efficient Data Management And Visualization Of Qubit Control, Devanshu Brahmbhatt

Computer Science and Engineering Theses - Archive

This thesis introduces QubiCSV, a pioneering open-source platform for quantum computing field. With an emphasis on collaborative research, QubiCSV addresses the critical need for specialized data management and visualization tools in qubit control. The platform is crafted to overcome the challenges posed by the high costs and complexities associated with quantum experimental setups. It emphasizes efficient utilization of resources through shared ideas, data, and implementation strategies. One of the primary obstacles in quantum computing research has been the ineffective management of extensive calibration data and the inability to visualize complex quantum experiment outcomes effectively. QubiCSV fills this gap by offering …

Content Moderation On Social Media: Social And Computational Standards And Implications, Mohit Singhal

Computer Science and Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Social media has become a powerful tool that reflects human communication's best and worst aspects. They allow individuals to freely express opinions, communicate with others, and learn about new stories. On the other hand, they have become fertile grounds for several forms of abuse, harassment, and the dissemination of misinformation. Social media platforms have established and employed content moderation to counteract the spread of abuse and misinformation.

Some critical challenges hinder the understanding of the social media content moderation ecosystem. This dissertation investigates various aspects of content moderation, including their coverage, fairness, and effectiveness. Firstly, it investigates how, in practice, …

Natural Language Generation From Large-Scale Open-Domain Knowledge Graphs, Xiao Shi

Computer Science and Engineering Dissertations - Archive

This dissertation delves into the realm of natural language generation (NLG) from expansive open-domain knowledge graphs, aiming to bridge the gap between existing methods primarily tested on limited datasets and the demands of real-world large-scale, diverse graph structures. Prior works in NLG often relied on small-scale or restricted datasets, neglecting the complexities of broader knowledge graphs. To address this, we introduce a new dataset called GraphNarrative, designed to encompass a wide range of graph structures and enhance the realism of NLG tasks.

The core contribution of this research lies in devising a novel approach to mitigating information hallucination, a common …

Embedded Collaborative Intelligence Service Mechanism In Emergencies, Chen Wei, Chensheng Wu, Bingfeng Zhao, Qingtao Fan

Journal of Scientific Information Research

[Purpose/significance]Faced with complex cross-domain emergencies, the barriers among intelligence resources, intelligence services and the rights and responsibilities within emergency management must be broken to generate embedded synergy, enhancing emergency management effectiveness. [Method/process]From the three perspectives of intelligence system guarantee, intelligence organization guarantee and early warning intelligence mechanism, this paper studies the basic guarantee, intelligence lack problem and realization path of cross-domain intelligence service emergencies based on the emergency management system and traditional intelligence collaborative service system. With embedded collaborative intelligence monitoring and collection systems and crisis early warning intelligence systems, an embedded collaborative intelligence service system framework is built. [Result/conclusion]Intelligence …

Topic Mining And Dynamic Evolution Analysis Of Patent Technology From The Perspective Of Binary Evolution：Take The Field Of Industrial Robots As An Example, Luyao Dou, Zhigang Zhou, Yi Li, Tao Jiang

Journal of Scientific Information Research

[Purpose/significance]From the perspective of "overall ecology + local stage", mining the technical theme and its evolution law in the field of industrial robots can not only know the overall process of technological development, but also clarify the specific paradigm of technology combination, which has important practical significance for insight into the technological progress and capital investment focus in the field of industrial robots.[Method/process]Based on incoPat patent database, taking the industrial robot field from 2003 to 2022 as an example, combined with Word2vec word vector model and LDA topic model, data mining and corpus expansion of patent texts were carried out, …

Student Attitudes And Intentions To Use Continuous Authentication Methods Applied To Mitigate Impersonation Attacks During E-Assessments, Andrea E. Green

CCAC Theses and Dissertations

No solution can ultimately eliminate cheating in online courses. However, universities reserve funding for authentication systems to minimize the threat of cheating in online courses. Most higher education institutions use a combination of authentication methods to secure systems against impersonation attacks during online examinations. Authentication technologies ensure that an online course is protected from impersonation attacks. However, it is important that authentication methods secure systems against impersonation attacks with minimal disruption during an examination. Authentication methods applied to secure e-assessments against impersonation attacks may impact a student’s attitude and intentions to use the e-examination system.

In this regard, the research …