Genetic Immunization In The Horse: The Potential For Enhanced Immune Responses With Deacylated Polyethyleneimine (Pei) And Immunostimulatory Cytokines As Vaccine Adjuvants,
2011
University of Kentucky
Genetic Immunization In The Horse: The Potential For Enhanced Immune Responses With Deacylated Polyethyleneimine (Pei) And Immunostimulatory Cytokines As Vaccine Adjuvants, Deborah Lee Even
Theses and Dissertations--Veterinary Science
DNA vaccines in larger animals, such as horses, are generally less effective and elicit significantly weaker immune responses, than in small animal model systems. To provide optimal protection against pathogenic microorganisms, the induction of both humoral and cellular immune responses from DNA vaccination may be necessary. One limitation to DNA immunization in the horse is the difficulty in generating high levels of antigen-specific antibody and CTL responses. Previous work in the laboratory has demonstrated that expression constructs containing native sequences encoding the surface unit (SU) envelope glycoprotein (pCiSU) of the Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV) are ineffective at stimulating immune …
Characterization Of Spiroplasma Mirum And Its Role In Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies,
2011
Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
Characterization Of Spiroplasma Mirum And Its Role In Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies, Hilari Maree French
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
There are many contradictory reports in the literature involving the culture of Spiroplasma mirum, its resistance to disinfectants and antibiotics, and its potential role in Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSEs). These contradictions led to an interest in a possible link between spiroplasma and TSEs and the development of a research plan to elucidate this connection. It was hypothesized that Spiroplasma was associated with a neurodegenerative disease such as TSE. In this work we further characterized S. mirum laboratory strains and continued to evaluate the possible correlations they have with TSE infections and the prion. To optimize recovery of S. mirum from …
Aflatoxin M1 Contamination In Cow’S Milk In Kayseri (Central Turkey),
2011
TÜBİTAK
Aflatoxin M1 Contamination In Cow’S Milk In Kayseri (Central Turkey), Hi̇kmet Mavuş Buldu, A. Nedret Koç, Güven Uraz
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in the milk of cows in the villages of Kayseri province, Turkey. Ninety milk samples were investigated for AFM1 contamination using the enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA). The mean value of AFM1 levels was 59.9 ng/L, 95% confidence interval was 54.4-65.5 ng/L, and standard deviation was 26.6 ng/L. For 63 samples (70%) the values were significantly above the limit permitted by European Union criteria (EU) and the Turkish Food Codex (TFC) (P < 0.05). However, the differences in AFM1 levels between villages were not significant (P > 0.05). In conclusion, since the level of AFM1 in the milk of cows was higher …
Eosinophils In Lung Tissue In 2 Chilean Criollo Horses With Exacerbated Recurrent Airway Obstructions “Heaves”,
2011
TÜBİTAK
Eosinophils In Lung Tissue In 2 Chilean Criollo Horses With Exacerbated Recurrent Airway Obstructions “Heaves”, Alexander Ortloff, Hugo Folch, Gabriel Moran
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
We report on 2 cases of recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) observed in Chilean Criollo horses aged 13 and 15 years. Both animals were classified as having severe RAO. The analysis of the recovered cells of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) showed high percentages of eosinophils (82% and 80% in the differential cell counts of the 2 horses) and poor responses to bronchodilator and corticosteroid drugs. The histopathological lung evaluation showed eosinophilic infiltration in the peribronchial tissue, as well as in the lumen of the bronchi and bronchioli. In both horses, immunohistochemistry confirmed high p65 homodimer activity in bronchial cells. This report …
Bilateral Testicular Hypoplasia Among Mature Sahel Bucks In Nigeria,
2011
TÜBİTAK
Bilateral Testicular Hypoplasia Among Mature Sahel Bucks In Nigeria, Ikechukwu Igbokwe, Augustine Ikpo, Hafsat Grema, Fakilahyel Mshelbwala, Nanacha Igbokwe
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
Among 1608 Sahel goat bucks presented for slaughter at the Maiduguri Metropolitan abattoir in March-April 2007, 65.7% had plain white or black-white coat colour, and 91.2% were aged >1.5-3.0 years with mean body weights of 15.6-25.7 kg. Twenty-two (1.4%) of the mature bucks, aged 1.9 ± 0.3 years and weighing 20.6 ± 3.5 kg, had bilateral small hypoplastic testes that were symmetric, approximately 7 times smaller in weight, with a 2-fold reduction in longitudinal length and mid-circumference than the full-sized normal testes. The epididymes were also reduced in size as the testes. Histologically, the seminiferous tubules and caudal epididymides showed …
Statistical Evaluation Of Some Environmental Factors Affecting The Gross Efficiency Of Crude Protein In High Producing Dairy,
2011
TÜBİTAK
Statistical Evaluation Of Some Environmental Factors Affecting The Gross Efficiency Of Crude Protein In High Producing Dairy, Pouya Zamani, Seyed Reza Miraei Ashtiani, Daryoush Alipour, Hasan Aliarabi, Ali Asghar Saki, Ahmad Ahmadi, Khalil Zaboli
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
Some environmental factors affecting the gross efficiency of crude protein (GECP) were studied using 2824 records of 501 lactating Holstein cows. The effects of some independent variables on the GECP were tested using a general linear model analysis. The GECP was significantly affected by parity and pregnancy stage and linearly related to dry matter intake, milk yield, milk fat, protein and lactose percentages, protein and lactose yields, dietary levels of net energy for lactation (NEL), crude protein (CP), ruminally undegradable protein (RUP), and ether extract (EE). Quadratic relation to the GECP with dietary levels of NEL, CP, RUP, and EE …
Analysis Of Buffalo Liver Samples For The Presence Of Chlorpyrifos Residues By Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography,
2011
TÜBİTAK
Analysis Of Buffalo Liver Samples For The Presence Of Chlorpyrifos Residues By Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Pradeep Kumar, S.P. Singh, K. Shrikant, D. Madhukar
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
Food safety is of great importance to all involved in the food chain. The problem of pesticide residues is one of the concerns for the consumers. In the present study, 254 buffalo liver tissue samples were collected from 4 slaughterhouses and analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively for the presence of chlorpyrifos residues. The samples were processed by extraction with acetonitrile followed by sonication and liquid-liquid partition. The extracts were cleaned up by performing alumina column chromatography. Chlorpyrifos residues in the samples were detected and quantified by employing high performance liquid chromatography. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed by using …
Expression And Detection Of The Fmdv Vp1 Transgene And Expressed Structural Protein In Arabidopsis Thaliana,
2011
TÜBİTAK
Expression And Detection Of The Fmdv Vp1 Transgene And Expressed Structural Protein In Arabidopsis Thaliana, Li Pan, Yongguang Zhang, Yonglu Wang, Jianliang Lv, Peng Zhou, Zhongwang Zhang, Yuzhen Fang, Shoutian Jiang
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
To explore the feasibility of developing a new type of plantderived foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) oral vaccine, the plant seed-specific expression vector p7SBin438/VP1 carrying the VP1 gene of the FMDV strain O/China/99 was constructed and transformed into Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain GV3101. This strain was used for transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana via the floral-dip method. The kanamycin-resistant transgenic plants were selected, and the VP1 gene and protein expressions were confirmed by PCR and sandwich-ELISA, respectively. The ELISA positive plants were further confirmed by Western blot assay, and the VP1 gene in the transgenic progeny was confirmed by PCR. The results showed …
Pathological And Immunohistochemical Evaluation Of The Effects Of Interferon Gamma (Ifn-Γ) And Aminoguanidine In Rats Experimentally Infected With Fasciola Hepatica, Enver Beytut, Ati̇la Akça, Hali̇l İbrahi̇m Gökce
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
The present study was aimed at pathologically and immunohistochemically evaluating the effects of interferon gamma (IFN-\gamma) and aminoguanidine (AG) in rats experimentally infected with Fasciola hepatica. A total of 44 Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups. With the exception of the controls (fourth group), the remaining rats were infected orally with 25 metacerceria of F. hepatica. The first group was administered 0.2% AG in drinking water daily, in order to block nitric oxide (NO) production. The second group was administered 250 units of IFN-\gamma daily, in order to stimulate NO synthesis. The third group was administered a placebo only. …
Effect Of Dietary Supplementation Of Mannan Oligosaccharides On Hydrogen Ion Concentration Of The Digestive Tract And Microbial Populations Of The Ceca Of Japanese Quail (Coturnix Japonica), Eleftherios Bonos, Efterpi Christaki, Amin Abrahim, Nikolaos Soultos, Panagiota Florou-Paneri
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
The effect of the dietary supplementation of mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) on hydrogen ion concentration of the digestive tract and microbial populations of the ceca of the Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) was investigated in this experimentation. Two hundred twenty-five 1-day old Japanese quail divided into 3 groups, with 3 subgroups each, were fed a basal diet that served as control, or a basal diet containing 1 g MOS/kg or 2 g MOS/kg. On days 21 and 42, hydrogen ion concentrations of the quail crop, proventriculus, gizzard, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, large intestine, and ceca were measured in situ. Furthermore, on the same …
Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis In A Recirculating Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Culture System,
2011
TÜBİTAK
Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis In A Recirculating Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Culture System, Nasrollah Ahmadi, Mostafa Akhlaghi, Ahmad Oryan, Arsalan Hosseini
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
During October 2009, a suspected outbreak of infectious pancreatic necrosis, with typical signs and high mortality, was observed in cultured rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry (mean weight of 9 g) in a recirculating system in Fars Province, Iran. Tissue samples, including pyloric caeca as well as pancreatic tissues, liver, kidney, and spleen, were aseptically collected from 20 affected moribund fish for histopathological and molecular assays. Histopathologically, the exocrine pancreatic acinar cells exhibited the most notable pathology, including focal to extensive degeneration and coagulative necrosis with mononuclear inflammatory infiltrates. To confirm the diagnosis of clinical infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN), a reverse …
First Report Of Fasciola Hepatica In Equus Caballus Host Species From Tunisia Based On The Ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer Regions, Nabil Amor, Sarra Farjallah, Khaled Said, Badreddine Ben Slimane
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
Fasciolosis caused by Fasciola spp. (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda: Digenea) is considered the most important helminth infection of ruminants in tropical countries, causing considerable socioeconomic problems. Samples identified morphologically as Fasciola sp. in Equus caballus host species from the city of Tunis (north of Tunisia) were genetically characterized, for the first time, by sequences of the 1st (ITS-1), the 5.8S and 2nd (ITS-2) Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA). Comparison of the ITS of the Tunisian samples with sequences of Fasciola spp. from GenBank showed that the specimens examined had sequences identical to those of F. hepatica sequences selected …
Chronic Continuous Perfusion Of The Hibernation Triggering Opioid Dadle Did Not Cause Any Major Physiological Alterations In Rats, İbrahi̇m Akyazi, Ülker Çöteli̇oğlu
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
[D-Ala2, D-Leu5] enkephalin (DADLE), a delta opioid receptor agonist, can induce mammalian hibernation and has hibernation-like effects in non-hibernating species. It has also been demonstrated that DADLE has protective efficacy on various tissues such as nervous, cardiac, and hepatic tissues. Despite substantial research conducted in the last decade about the tissue protective efficacy of DADLE, detailed underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In the present study we investigated in a rat model whether continuous perfusion of DADLE can induce potentially tissue protective alterations in physiological parameters. In the study 48 young male Wistar rats were used. They were divided …
Can The Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (Vegf) And Total Estradiol 17Β Be Used As A Marker Of Equine Oocyte Maturation?,
2011
TÜBİTAK
Can The Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (Vegf) And Total Estradiol 17Β Be Used As A Marker Of Equine Oocyte Maturation?, Mehmet Can Gündüz, Güven Kaşikçi, Özge Yilmaz, Si̇nem Özlem Engi̇nler, Meli̇h Uçmak, Ati̇la Ateş, Feraye Esen Gürsel, Gamze Evkuran, Meri̇h Duygu Töre
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
The aim of this study was to quantitate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and estradiol-17\beta in follicular fluid (FF) and serum and to correlate the levels of these substances with oocyte maturation. Transvaginal ultrasound-guided follicular aspirations were performed with the purpose of oocyte collection when the follicle was >35 mm in diameter. The mares were divided into 2 groups according to age, and the changes in VEGF and estradiol-17\beta in follicular fluid and serum were examined. Levels of estradiol-17\beta in the follicular fluid and serum of young mares (4-10 years old) did not differ from those in old mares (20-24 …
The Effect Of Organic Acid, Zeolite, Or Their Combination On Performance, Some Serum Indices, And Ileum Ph Values In Broilers Fed With Different Phosphorus Levels, İsmai̇l Abaş, Tanay Bi̇lal, Hüseyi̇n Eseceli̇
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the addition of organic acid (OA), zeolite (ZE), or both to broiler diets with microbial phytase containing low and adequate levels of phosphorus (P) on performance, some serum indices, and ileum pH values. For the study, 480 broiler chicks 1-day old were assigned equally to 8 groups, with 6 replicates (10 chicks per replicate) carried out over 42 days. A basal diet containing 600 FTU of phytase enzyme was formulated separately for the starter and grower periods. Experimental groups were divided into 2 main groups: low P [(0.39% P; …
The Laser In Veterinary Medicine,
2011
TÜBİTAK
The Laser In Veterinary Medicine, Mihaela Antonina Calin, Toma Coman
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
The development of non-invasive, non-toxic, and non-pollutant methods for the treatment of different illnesses represents a constant concern of scientists from the medical field worldwide. In this category fit the methods based on the use of laser systems, which are successfully applied both in human and veterinary medicine due to the special properties of laser radiation: monocromaticity, coherence, intensity, and directionality. The aim of this paper is to present the laser systems used in several domains of veterinary medicine and some experimental results obtained by different authors.
Hyalomma Rufipes (Koch, 1844) Infesting Cattle In The West Aegean Region Of Turkey,
2011
TÜBİTAK
Hyalomma Rufipes (Koch, 1844) Infesting Cattle In The West Aegean Region Of Turkey, Serkan Bakirci, Hakan Sarali̇, Levent Aydin, Abdalla Latif, Hasan Eren, Tüli̇n Karagenç
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
A total of 19,679 adult ticks were collected from 443 cattle in 9 villages in the West Aegean region of Turkey over 2 years (June 2006-May 2008). Thirteen out of the 19,679 adult ticks were identified as Hyalomma rufipes (12 adult males and 1 female). The ticks were identified according to their characteristic dark coloured conscutum and scutum along with the presence of small to medium but uniform and numerous punctations. Dimensions (length and width) of male and female H. rufipes ticks were 3075 and 1880 µm and 3213 and 2181 \mum, respectively. The present study not only confirms previous …
Congenital Secundum Atrial Septal Defect And Membranous Ventricular Septal Defect In A Newborn Holstein-Friesian Calf,
2011
TÜBİTAK
Congenital Secundum Atrial Septal Defect And Membranous Ventricular Septal Defect In A Newborn Holstein-Friesian Calf, Ayşe Haligür, Mehmet Haligür, Özlem Özmen
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
Congenital secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) and membranous ventricular septal defect (VSD) were diagnosed in a 1-day-old Holstein-Friesian calf necropsied in the Department of Pathology of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University. The secundum atrial septal defect was 32.9 × 23.1 mm in width and was elliptical. The membranous ventricular septal defect was 25.3 × 18.5 mm in width and was round to oval in shape. Both atrial and ventricular septal defects were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Van Gieson's stain. Histopathological examination showed that the defects mainly consisted of numerous muscle cells and, in some areas, dense fibrous connective tissue.
Mechanical Evaluation Of Aluminum Oxide Roughened Screws In Equine Third Metacarpal Bone,
2011
Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
Mechanical Evaluation Of Aluminum Oxide Roughened Screws In Equine Third Metacarpal Bone, Petrisor Baia
LSU Master's Theses
ABSTRACT Objectives – To compare the osseointegration of roughened and electropolished 5.5 mm cortical screws used to secure a 4.5 mm broad dynamic compression plate (DCP) in equine third metacarpal (MC3) bones. Study Design – In vivo study Animals – 5 Adult thoroughbred horses (2-7 years old). Methods – For each horse one MC3 was randomly assigned to secure a 4.5 mm broad DCP with 4aluminum oxide (Al2O3) roughened screws on the dorsal mid diaphysis. Four regular electropolished screws used to secure a similar plate on the contralateral limb served as control. They were removed at 12 weeks and the …
Biomechanical Evaluation Of Medial And Lateral Approaches For Experimentally Created Medial Condylar Fractures Of The Equine Third Metacarpal Bone,
2011
Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
Biomechanical Evaluation Of Medial And Lateral Approaches For Experimentally Created Medial Condylar Fractures Of The Equine Third Metacarpal Bone, Saybl Beauton Sprinkle
LSU Master's Theses
Objective -To compare the compression produced in reduction of experimentally created medial condylar fractures using lag screw fixation with medial vs. lateral approach, and to determine the maximum torque at screw failure. Materials and Methods- Twelve (12) pairs (left and right) 3rd metacarpal bones (MC3) were collected from adult (2-7 years) Thoroughbreds euthanized for reasons unrelated to orthopedic disease. Complete parasagittal medial condylar osteotomies were created at a measurement of 9, 13, and 21 mm axial to the epicondylar fossa on four pairs each of cadaveric MC3 bones resulting in fracture fragments measuring 8, 12, and 20 mm in thickness. …
