Veterinary Medicine Commons^™

Cellular Transcription Factors Induced In Trigeminal Ganglia During Dexamethasone-Induced Reactivation From Latency Stimulate Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Productive Infection And Certain Viral Promoters, Aspen M. Workman, James D. Eudy, Lynette Smith, Devis Sinani, Halie Bricker, Emily Cook, Alan R. Doster, Clinton J. Jones

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1), an alphaherpesvirinae subfamily member, establishes latency in sensory neurons. Elevated corticosteroid levels, due to stress, reproducibly triggers reactivation from latency in the field. A single intravenous injection of the synthetic corticosteroid dexamethasone (DEX) to latently infected calves consistently induces reactivation from latency. Lytic cycle viral gene expression is detected in sensory neurons within 6 h after DEX treatment of latently infected calves. These observations suggested that DEX stimulated expression of cellular genes leads to lytic cycle viral gene expression and productive infection. In this study, a commercially available assay—Bovine Gene Chip—was used to compare cellular gene …

Rnai Screening Reveals Requirement For Host Cell Secretory Pathway In Infection By Diverse Families Of Negative-Strand Rna Viruses, Debasis Panda, Anshuman Das, Phat X. Dinh, Sakthivel Subramaniam, Debasis Nayak, Nicholas J. Barrows, James L. Pearson, Jesse Thompson, David L. Kelly, Istvan Ladunga, Asit K. Pattnaik

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Negative-strand (NS) RNA viruses comprise many pathogens that cause serious diseases in humans and animals. Despite their clinical importance, little is known about the host factors required for their infection. Using vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), a prototypic NS RNA virus in the family Rhabdoviridae, we conducted a human genomewide siRNA screen and identified 72 host genes required for viral infection. Many of these identified genes were also required for infection by two other NS RNA viruses, the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus of the Arenaviridae family and human parainfluenza virus type 3 of the Paramyxoviridae family. Genes affecting different stages of …

Y-Like Retinal Ganglion Cells Innervate The Dorsal Raphe Nucleus In The Mongolian Gerbil (Meriones Unguiculatus), Liju Luan, Chaoran Ren, Benson Wui-Man Lau, Jian Yang, Gary E. Pickard, Kwok-Fai So, Mingliang Pu

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Background: The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) of the mesencephalon is a complex multi-functional and multi-transmitter nucleus involved in a wide range of behavioral and physiological processes. The DRN receives a direct input from the retina. However little is known regarding the type of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) that innervates the DRN. We examined morphological characteristics and physiological properties of these DRN projecting ganglion cells.

Methodology/Principal Findings: The Mongolian gerbils are highly visual rodents with a diurnal/crepuscular activity rhythm. It has been widely used as experimental animals of various studies including seasonal affective disorders and depression. Young adult gerbils were used …

Challenges And Opportunities For Toxicology In Mexico, Rodrigo Franco, Balam Muñoz

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

We have developed this Special Issue titled “Challenges and Opportunities for Toxicology in Mexico” with the aim to highlight not only the challenges toxicology research faces in Mexico, but also the efforts and drive towards cutting edge research to address them. Altogether, this special issue should be a valuable source of information for all readers with an interest in toxicology and human health.

Mexico is an important economy worldwide and is a major exporter of several supplies and commodities. Because of this, its industry is a source of occupational exposure to several chemical derivatives (Nieusma 2011). The situation of occupational …

The Need To Quantify Ecosystem Services Provided By Birds, Daniel G. Wenny, Travis L. Devault, Matthew D. Johnson, Dave Kelly, Cagan H. Sekercioglu, Diana F. Tomback, Christopher J. Whelan

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

What are the birds worth--what is their actual dollar value to human society? To most of us in the ornithological community, birds are invaluable. But in these times we need more specific rationales to convince policy makers and business leaders to include bird conservation in land-use and development decisions. Over the past two decades, awareness of our dependence on a variety of ecosystem services (natural ecological processes that benefit human society) and of their importance and prevalence has progressed toward the goal of making conservation a mainstream value. Building strategies for the protection of ecosystem services into conservation and land-use …

Diet Preference And Breeding Success In Captive-Bred Greater Rheas (Rhea Americana): A Preliminary Study, Gisela Bazzano, Joaquin. L. Navarro, Monica. B. Martella

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

We conducted 2 consecutive experiments to verify whether adult captive Greater rheas (Rhea americana) could select diets differing in nutritional and energetic content, and to evaluate the effect of those diets on egg production and hatchability. From August to January, animals were offered four diets: processed feed for rheas (diet 1), diet 1 + soybean (diet 2), processed feed for chicken (diet 3), and diet 3 + soybean (diet 4). Rheas preferred the diets containing feed for chicken (diets 3 and 4, 179,67 ± 12.12 [S.E.] g/ind./day). Diet 2 was more consumed (95.67 ± 16.70 g/ind./day) than diet 1 (60.09 …

Association Between Polymorphisms Of Cyp19, Cyp21, And Er1 Genes And Milk Production Traits In Black-And-White Cattle, Magdalena Jedrzejczak, Wilhelm Grzesiak, Iwona Szatkowska, Andrzej Dybus, Magdalena Muszynska, Daniel Zaborski

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The relationships between the SNPs of the cytochrome P450 gene (CYP19/PvuII), steroid 21-hydroxylase (P450c21) gene (CYP21/HpaII), 2 polymorphic sites of estrogen receptor alpha gene (ER1/BglI and ER1/SnaBI), and milk production traits of Black-and-White cattle were analyzed. A total of 472 cows were included in the study and genotyped using PCR-RFLP. The frequencies of alleles for the Black-and-White cows were as follows: 0.923 - CYP19A, 0.077 - CYP19B, 0.042 - ER1/BglIA, and 0.958 for ER1/BglIG. For ER1/SnaBI, the frequency of allele A was 0.960 and that of allele G was 0.040. In the CYP21, all cows were genotyped as AA (no …

Aflatoxin M1 Levels In Retail Yoghurt And Ayran In Erzurum In Turkey, Meryem Aydemi̇r Atasever, Mustafa Atasever, Korhan Özturan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was carried out to determine the presence and levels of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in yoghurt and ayran consumed in the province of Erzurum, Turkey. For this purpose, a total of 80 yoghurt samples and 80 ayran samples were randomly obtained from markets. The samples' AFM1 content and concentrations were examined by competitive ELISA method. AFM1 at detectable level (5 ng/kg) was found in 87.5% of the yoghurt samples and in 90.0% of the ayran samples. AFM1 levels in 16 (20%) yoghurt and in 11 (13.6%) ayran samples exceeded the maximum tolerable limit of the Turkish Food Codex. The …

Disodium Edta Used As Anticoagulant Causes Hemolysis In Common Carp Blood, Malgorzata Witeska, Wioleta Wargocka

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Disodium EDTA used as anticoagulant for common carp blood caused a significant increase and high variability in hematocrit readings comparing to the heparinized samples. Na2EDTA induced erythrocyte swelling, causing cell membrane disruption (hemolysis). The nuclei released from destroyed cells changed shape from oval to round, and underwent gradual swelling and vacuolation, followed by karyolysis. The degree of observed changes was similar at all Na2EDTA concentrations (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/mL); on the other hand, percentage of abnormal and destroyed cells showed considerable differences among blood sampled from various carp individuals. The obtained results revealed that Na2EDTA caused gradual damage to …

Acetic Acid Modulates Induction Of Pulmonary Hypertension In Broiler Chickens: Based On Electrocardiographic Parameters, Hossein Hassanpour, Abdolkarim Zamani Moghadam, Hamed Zarei, Neda Taghavi

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

To clarify the effect of acetic acid on the electrocardiographic parameters of pulmonary hypertensive broilers, chicks were reared at high altitude and treated with acetic acid (0.4 and 0.9 g/L) for 45 days. The right ventricle-to-total ventricle ratio was noted as an index of pulmonary hypertension that was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in the treated groups. S amplitudes were significantly decreased only at 36 days (leads II and III) and 45 days (lead aVF) in many treated groups. There were significant (P < 0.05) reductions of T amplitudes at 28 days (leads aVR and aVL) and 36 days (lead aVL), and significant elevations of QRS (leads II, III, and aVF) and QT intervals (leads II, aVR, aVL, and aVF) at different ages of many treated groups. R amplitudes were significant (P < 0.05) at 28 days (leads aVL and aVF, at both doses of acetic acid), 36 days (leads aVR and aVL, at 0.4 g/L of acetic acid), and 45 days (lead aVR, at both doses of acetic acid). The RR interval also significantly increased at 28 days (leads aVR and aVL) and 45 days (lead aVL). It was concluded that acetic acid modulates induction of ventricular hypertrophy, dilation, and arrhythmia. These effects are detectable in many electrocardiographic parameters.

Massive Toxoplasma Abortions In A Dairy Sheep Flock And Therapeutic Approach With Different Doses Of Sulfadimidine, Nektarios D. Giadinis, Konstantinos Terpsidis, Anastasia Diakou, Victoria Siarkou, Panayiotis Loukopoulos, Ridvan Osman, Harilaos Karatzias`, Margarita Papazahariadou

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In a 500 head dairy sheep flock in Northern Greece, massive abortions (60%) were observed at 110-130 days of gestation. Attempts were made to treat the abortions with oxytetracyclin L.A. 20% but they were not successful. Toxoplasmosis was confirmed by laboratory examination of blood sera of ewes, aborted fetuses, and fetal brain samples. The remaining 200 pregnant sheep were divided in 2 groups of 100 ewes each. Animals of Group 1 were treated with 20 mg/kg b.w. sulfadimidine every other day 4 times, while the animals in Group 2 received 33 mg/kg b.w. sulfadimidine every other day 4 times via …

First Report Of Gtg-Banded Nomenclature Of Pakistani Lohi Sheep (Ovis Aries), Ahmad Ali, Masroor Ellahi Babar, Saqib Mahmood, Muhammad Imran

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The present study was planned to generate the G-band nomenclature of the commonly occurring Lohi sheep breed in the Punjab province of Pakistan. Whole blood samples were collected through jugular venepuncture in heparinised vacutainers. The metaphase slides were prepared using standard protocols. The results from microscopic screening of 50 good quality metaphase cells from each animal were studied and they revealed a chromosome complement of 54, XX and XY in Lohi sheep. The first 3 pairs were sub/metacentric whereas the other autosomes, including X, were classed as acro/subacrocentric. The Y chromosome was the smallest metacentric chromosome and had a star-like …

Inhibitory Activity And Adhesive Ability Of Potential Probiotic Bacillus Species To Confer Protection For Artemia Gnotobiotic Culture Against Pathogenic Vibrio Spp., Abdelkarim Mahdhi, Fathi Kamoun, Amina Bakhrouf

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

To evaluate the potential probiotic effect of B. coagulans and B. subtilis strains toward Artemia cultured in different gnotobiotic conditions, antibacterial and adherence assays were investigated and challenge tests with Artemia larvae were performed. Virulent V. alginolyticus (IFL), isolated from infected fish, was tested for comparative purposes. The bacterial strains B. coagulans and B. subtilis produced antimicrobial activity against the pathogenic Vibrio species, including V. alginolyticus isolated from infected fish, and inhibitory zones that ranged from 12 to 20 mm in diameter. An adherence assay revealed that these potential probiotic bacteria are fairly adherent, with a values ranging from 0.10 …

Economic Selection Index Using Different Milk Production Traits Of Holstein And Its Crossbreds, Md. Kabirul Islam Khan, Jewel Mazumder

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The study was conducted to estimate the Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP) breeding values of different milk production traits for Holstein and its crossbreds and to construct an economic selection index or total merit for individual cows from 2 different dairy farms in Chittagong, Bangladesh. The BLUP-estimated breeding values were obtained by AIREML, and an economic selection index was constructed as the sum of the product of the estimated breeding value with the economic value for each trait (lactation milk yield, calving interval, and liveweight). The Holstein × Sahiwal crossbred showed better phenotypic performance in both farms while the same …

Effects Of Queen Rearing Period On Reproductive Features Of Italian (Apis Mellifera Ligustica), Caucasian (Apis Mellifera Caucasica), And Aegean Ecotype Of Anatolian Honey Bee (Apis Mellifera Anatoliaca) Queens, Aytül Uçak Koç, Mete Karacaoğlu

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was conducted to determine the effects of rearing period on the quality characteristics of honey bee queens reared from Italian and Caucasian races and from the Aegean ecotype of Anatolian honey bee under the conditions of the Aegean region. Italian (I), Caucasian (C), and Aegean (A) queens were reared in April, June, and August of 2007 and 2008. The queens were weighed on the second day after emergence (WQ) and at the onset of oviposition (OWQ). The interval from emergence to the onset of oviposition (preoviposition period, POP) was determined in 3 genotype queen groups. The numbers of …

Polydactyly In Arctic Foxes (Vulpes Lagopus), Andrzej Gugolek, Janusz Strychalski, Malgorzata Konstantynowicz

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Seven Arctic fox puppies were found to have an extra claw (resembling a canine dewclaw) on their thoracic limb. These individuals came from 2 litters born of 2 different females. The "dewclaw" comprised a claw loosely connected with the limb by soft tissue, and it had the third phalanx (PIII) and a vestigial phalanx. Our results show that the presence of an extra claw on one or both hands in some Arctic fox puppies may, but does not have to, be a dominant trait. The differences between the 2 analyzed litters support the hypothesis that the mode of inheritance of …

A Molecular Study Of The Salmonella Enterica Serovars Abortusovis, Typhimurium, And Enteritidis, Taghi Zahraei Salehi, Omid Madadgar, Hasan Tadjbakhsh, Mohammad Reza Mahzounieh, Mohammad Mehdi Feizabadi

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study presents a molecular analysis of 3 important human and animal serovars of Salmonella: Typhimurium, Enteritidis, and Abortusovis. We also provide information that can be applied in the surveillance of salmonellosis. Over the course of 3 decades, 90 isolates were collected, with 30 isolates representing each type of serovar. In addition to conventional serotyping, serovars were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (multiplex PCR and IS200 PCR). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of the serovars confirmed 12, 15, and 20 patterns, respectively. In an analysis of the results, 5 pulsotypes (80% of isolates) of Salmonella Typhimurium and 4 pulsotypes (64% of …

A Study Of The Reproductive Performance, Milk Yield, Milk Constituents, And Somatic Cell Count Of Holstein-Friesian And Montbeliarde Cows, Atakan Koç

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to compare the reproductive performance, milk yield, milk constituents, and somatic cell count of Montbeliarde (M) and Holstein-Friesian (HF) cows. The number of data points used for the first calving age (FCA), calving interval (CI), milk traits, and milk constituents were 87, 264, 270 and 108 for M cows and 167, 450, 491, and 114 for HF cows. The effects of herd on FCA, CI, 305-day milk yield (305-dMY), and protein content (PC) were determined to be statistically significant (P < 0.05), as were the effects of breed on FCA, 305-dMY, fat content (FC), and somatic cell count (SCC). For M cows, the average FCA, CI, 305-dMY, FC, PC, and SCC were found to be 952.2 ± 14.67 days, 391.6 ± 5.75 days, 5956.5 ± 84.73 kg, 3.55 ± 0.07%, 2.93 ± 0.04%, and 138,644 cells/mL, respectively. When determined for HF cows, the average values of the same characteristics were shown to be 909.1 ± 13.66 days, 399.6 ± 5.93 days, 6655.3 ± 109.57 kg, 3.26 ± 0.10%, 2.85 ± 0.06%, and 199,022 cells/mL, respectively. M cows had lower 305-dMY values but higher milk constituents and SCCs than the HF breed. The high temperatures and humidity observed in the summer season caused a significant decrease in the reproduction and milk constituents of cows subject to Mediterranean climatic conditions.

Intrauterine Insemination With Cat Semen Frozen With Various Extenders, Alper Baran, Çağatay Tek, Kamber Demi̇r, Ahmet Sabuncu, Özen Banu Özdaş

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to investigate the post-thaw motility and morphological defect rates of cat semen frozen with various extenders, and pregnancy rates after intrauterine insemination (IUI). Cats, 2 males and 14 queens, 2 to 3 years of age, and under the same managemental conditions were used. Semen was collected by means of an electro-ejaculator under general anesthesia. Based on spermatological traits, semen samples presumed suitable for freezing were extended with either tris-fructose-citric acid (EY-TFC) containing 20% egg yolk, or skimmed milk-glucose-taurine (EY-SMGT) containing 10% egg yolk extender, and frozen in 0.25 mL straws. For the extenders, post-thaw …

A Comparison Of Different Kinds Of Malassezia Species In Healthy Dogs And Dogs With Otitis Externa And Skin Lesions, Samaneh Eidi, Ali Reza Khosravi, Shahram Jamshidi

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Malassezia yeasts are commensal organisms on the skin of warm-blooded vertebrates. The lipid-dependent Malassezia species have recently been cultured from veterinary specimens. The present study investigated and compared different Malassezia species in the skin and external ear canal of healthy and diseased dogs. The sampling in the study was carried out on 152 animals, comprising 90 samples from the diseased group and 62 samples from the healthy group. All of the samples were determined by cytological examination and fungal culture. The isolated yeasts were identified by their morphological features as well as their physiological characteristics. The culture results were positive …