Epidemiology Commons^™

Tissue-Specific Distribution Of Microplastics In Human Blood And Carotid Plaques: A Paired Sample Analysis, Cancan Cui, Zheng Guo, Yanxi Liu, Ning Han, Jiayin Song, Yuanmei Chen, Yulu Zheng, Chen Sheng, Lois Balmer, Haibin Li, Rui Liu, Lin Liu, Jianshi Du, Zhiyuan Wu

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Backgrounds: Microplastics (MPs) have been increasingly detected in human tissues, raising concerns about their role in cardiovascular disease. However, their distribution in matched blood and vascular tissues, such as atherosclerotic plaques, remains poorly understood. Methods: Paired blood and carotid plaque samples were analyzed for 12 polymer types of MPs using pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry among twenty patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy. Results: The mean concentration of total MPs was 75.2 μg/g in blood and 432.9 μg/g in plaque. Polyethylene (PE) dominated blood samples (46.5 %), followed by polyvinyl chloride (PVC, 16.8 %) and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR, 16.3 %). In plaques, MPs were …

Weight Gain Among Tuberculosis Patients And Its Association With Socio-Demographic Profile And Disease-Related Characteristics In Urban And Rural Areas Of Mysuru., Sana Khader M, Smitha Malenahalli Chandrashekarappa, Anchu R Nath, Arun Gopi

Digital Journal of Clinical Medicine

Background: Tuberculosis remains a major public health burden in India, accounting for 25% of the global tuberculosis cases. Weight gain during tuberculosis treatment is a key recovery indicator influenced by sociodemographic and clinical factors. Addressing these challenges is crucial for achieving India’s Tuberculosis elimination goal by 2025.

Objectives: To assess weight gain across different phases of anti tubercular therapy among tuberculosis patients in urban and rural Mysuru, and to determine its association with sociodemographic and disease-related characteristics.

Methodology: A retrospective cross-sectional study was done using secondary data of tuberculosis patients who attended primary health care centers in …

The Association Between Irregular Sleep Patterns And Learning Outcomes: Implications For Students’ Health In Iraq, Hazhmat Ali, Dildar Haji Musa, Ary Habeeb Mohammed, Hiwa Abdulraheem, Sherzad Salahadeen, Alind Mustafa

Makara Journal of Health Research

Background: Students often exhibit irregular sleep patterns due to rigorous academic workloads, which exert a considerable negative impact on their mental health. The present study aims to investigate the influence of irregular sleep on academic performance.

Methods: This study recruited a cohort of 409 medical students of both genders. Upon their consent, participants filled out a closed-ended questionnaire on various sleep parameters, including sleep habits, duration, and environment.

Results: Students with irregular sleep patterns reported higher rates of sleep deprivation, late sleep onset, and troubled sleep. Moreover, they spent a longer duration using smart devices before bedtime …

Risk Factors Of Acute Gastroenteritis And The Implementation Of Community-Based Total Sanitation In Banyuwangi, Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study, Citra Al Karina, Juniastuti Juniastuti, Budi Utomo, I Made Dwi Mertha Adnyana

Makara Journal of Health Research

Background: In Banyuwangi Regency, Indonesia, diarrhea remains a major health problem, even though the community-based total sanitation (CBTS) program has been implemented for ten years. This household survey study aimed to identify the risk factors of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) and to evaluate the implementation of CBTS in Banyuwangi Regency.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Banyuwangi Regency. Characteristic data from patients with AGE were collected from the two primary healthcare working areas, followed by collecting data of their family members and CBTS in their houses. Data were obtained through interviews and direct observation. The CBTS evaluation results …

Determinan Ketidakpatuhan Kunjungan Pengambilan Obat Antiretroviral Pasien Hiv/Aids Di Kabupaten Bekasi Tahun 2023-2024, Intan Ully Athalia Sihombing, Mondastri Korib Sudaryo, Helda Helda, Helwiah Umniyati, Irva Zulviya Hasyim

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Non-adherence to scheduled antiretroviral (ARV) medication pickup can reduce treatment effectiveness, increase the risk of drug resistance, and contribute to poor HIV infection control. This study aimed to identify factors associated with missed ARV pickup appointments among people living with HIV/AIDS in Bekasi District. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data from HIV/AIDS patients undergoing ARV therapy in 2023–2024. Data were analyzed descriptively (univariate), using Chi-square tests (bivariate), and log-binomial regression (multivariate). Among 811 patients, 341 (42%) were recorded as non-adherent to their medication pickup schedule. The results showed that having an unsuppressed viral load (>50 copies/ml) …

An Epidemiological Exploration Of Binge Eating Disorder And Its Emotional Roots Among Youth In Greater Jakarta, Henny Kurniati, Yudha Asy'ari, Tri Amelia Rahmitha Helmi, Tonny Sundjaya

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

The rising prevalence of mental disorders among youth, including depression, anxiety, stress, and binge eating disorder (BED), has become a major concern in the context of global mental health. BED, as a form of eating disorder, often occurs with psychological conditions such as anxiety and depression, complicating diagnosis and treatment. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and association between depression, anxiety, stress, and BED among youth in Greater Jakarta. Using a cross-sectional online design, data were collected from 231 participants aged 18-25 years through the Binge Eating Scale (BES) and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). Statistical analysis involved bivariate …

Gambaran Kasus Parotitis Anak Sekolah Dasar Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Loa Bakung, Irfansyah Baharuddin Pakki, Resda Herliani, Noorhayaty Noorhayaty, Vicca Yulia Insany, Arista Dian Yuniasih, Ratih Fianni Sigit

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Parotitis is a disease caused by mumps virus infection. The infection attacks the parotid glands, causing symptoms such as fever, swelling on the side of the face accompanied by pain. Data from the Samarinda City Health Office shows that there were 380 cases of mumps from September to early October 2024. The increase in cases also occurred among elementary school children, but there is no definitive data yet that illustrates the number and distribution of parotitis cases. The aim of this study is to identify the risk factors for mumps in elementary school children in the Loa Bakung working area. …

Hubungan Karakteristik Kontak Erat Dengan Pengetahuan, Sikap, Dan Perilaku Pencegahan Tuberkulosis: Studi Potong Lintang Di Puskesmas Kenarilang, Alor, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Hanif Abadi, Ezra Maraben Lily

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Indonesia ranks second globally in the number of tuberculosis (TB) cases, accounting for 10% of all global cases. In the working area of Kenarilang Public Health Center, 951 confirmed TB cases were recorded as of October 2024. Close contacts of TB patients are at high risk of infection and may become new sources of transmission if not properly managed. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) among close contacts play a crucial role in TB prevention, aligning with the target of TB elimination by 2030. This study aims to determine the relationship between the characteristics of close contacts and their KAP levels …

Gambaran Faktor Risiko Waktu Terapi Radiasi Yang Berkepanjangan Pada Pasein Kanker Payudara: Studi Cross-Sectional Di Rsup Dr. Kariadi Tahun 2023, Zahra Zetira Muchtar, Asri C. Adisasmita, Dion Firli Bramantyo

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

In Indonesia, there were more than 58,000 new breast cancer cases with nearly 23,000 deaths in 2020. Radiotherapy is one of the adjuvant therapy modalities for breast cancer. Interruptions of more than five days increase the risk of local recurrence. This study aimed to describe the risk factors associated with prolonged overall treatment time (OTT) in breast cancer patients at Dr. Kariadi General Hospital during 2023. This was a cross-sectional study using bivariate logistic regression analysis to examine the association between national holidays, deterioration of general condition, age, residence, and type of surgery prior to radiation therapy with prolonged OTT. …

Hubungan Kualitas Pemeriksaan Kehamilan Terhadap Kejadian Stunting Pada Anak Usia 6-23 Bulan Di Indonesia (Analisis Ski 2023), Hanna Audila, Helda Helda, Sudarto Ronoatmodjo

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Stunting is still a nutritional problem and remains a major public health issue. Especially in Indonesia, the prevalence of stunting among children under two years old (toddlers) remains high, at 18.50%. The annual average rate of reduction of stunting among toddlers has been relatively slow for over the past 10 years. Therefore, optimizing stunting interventions-particularly during the first 1000 days of life is essential, including through antenatal care (ANC). This study aims to analyze the relationship between the quality of antenatal care and the incidence of stunting among children aged 6-23 months-old in Indonesia, after being controlled by the other …

Intervensi Booklet Bermarkah Terhadap Peningkatan Perilaku Pencegahan Leptospirosis Pada Ibu Rumah Tangga, Na'wa Nurmalytasari, Heru Subaris Kasjono, Ibnu Rois, Sugianto Sugianto

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Leptospirosis remains a public health concern in Indonesia, including in Bantul Regency. Data from Sewon I Public Health Center (Puskesmas) indicate a high incidence of cases, particularly among housewives who are considered a high-risk group. Effective education is essential to improve leptospirosis prevention behavior. This study aimed to determine the effect of a marked booklet as an innovative health education medium on improving knowledge, attitudes, and preventive actions against leptospirosis among housewives. The study used a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test control group approach. A total of 60 respondents were divided into two groups, namely the experimental group, …

Analisis Potensial Kejadian Luar Biasa Dbd Berdasarkan Kasus Dbd 5 Tahun Terakhir 2019-2024 : Studi Ekologi Di Kota Lubuklinggau Provinsi Sumatera Selatan, Sely Anggraini, Tri Yunis Miko Wahyono, Fitria Fitria, Nadia Putri

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an endemic disease in Indonesia, with a high potential for outbreaks, particularly in tropical and densely populated regions such as Lubuklinggau City. This study aimed to assess the outbreak potential of DHF in Lubuklinggau by analyzing the five-year trend of minimum and maximum case numbers (2019–2023) and comparing them with 2024 data using the epidemic threshold approach. A descriptive ecological study design was employed, with all primary health centers (puskesmas) in the city as units of analysis. Data sources included annual DHF surveillance reports from the District Health Office, field observations, demographic data from the …

A Modern Analytical Method To Forecast Cerebrovascular Diseases (Cd), And Heart Diseases (Hd) Using Multivariate Time Series Model Utilizing The Cdc Provisional Mortality Data, Aditya Chakraborty, Mohan Pant

Cardiovascular Research Symposium

Background: In this study, a new analytical approach was introduced to answer specific questions related to mortalities due to cerebrovascular diseases, heart diseases, and the association of these mortalities with twelve other causes of death (COD).

Methods: A multivariate time series forecasting model was developed utilizing each of the CODs by taking the weekly and yearly seasonality into account, and the mortality counts were forecasted using the most recent CDC weekly mortality count data. A new COD data matrix was structured for all CODs as a function of weeks by combining the observed and predicted values of the mortality counts. …

Impact Of Mental Illness On Colon Cancer Screening Participation, Stephanie Tejada

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This study analyzed the impact of mental illness on colon cancer screening participation. The research problem centers on the under-screening of colorectal cancer (CRC) in psychiatric patients, leading to delayed diagnoses and poorer treatment outcomes. This quantitative retrospective cohort study examined how demographic factors (age, gender, ethnicity), healthcare access, and support group participation influenced CRC screening among individuals with mental illness. The research used data from 571 adults aged 50 and older from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). The Social Ecological Model served as the guiding theoretical framework for this study. Statistical analyses included t-tests, chi-square, logistic regression, and …

Symptom Clusters And Their Association With Health-Related Quality Of Life In Pediatric Cancer Survivors After Treatment Completion, Krishtee Napit

Theses & Dissertations

A critical area of cancer research, symptom management, has evolved from focusing on individual symptoms to recognizing the complexity of co-occurring symptoms, commonly referred to as symptom clusters. However, most studies on pediatric cancer symptom clusters have focused primarily on the treatment phase or long-term survivorship, overlooking the early post-treatment period. This dissertation examines the prevalence of multiple symptoms and symptom clusters in pediatric cancer survivors post-treatment; factors associated with the total number of symptoms and symptom clusters; and the association of the total number of symptoms and symptom clusters with health-related quality of life (HRQoL). We developed and tested …

Beyond The Bruise: Understanding Injury Risk Factors Among Livestock Workers In Cattle Feedyards And Animal Handling Farms And Ranches, Rishad Ahmed

Theses & Dissertations

Cattle feeding and livestock production are central to U.S. agriculture and represent some of the most hazardous occupational environments. Workers in feedyards and on cattle farms and ranches face elevated risks of injury due to physically demanding labor, frequent animal handling, and exposure to environmental and ergonomic hazards. Many feedyard workers are Hispanic/Latino immigrants who may experience additional barriers related to language, healthcare access, and job security. Similarly, injury risks among cattle producers are compounded by seasonal workload fluctuations, limited rest opportunities, and psychosocial stressors. Beyond individual impacts, agricultural injuries also pose a substantial economic burden. Recent estimates indicate that …

Nevada Hpv Vaccine Completion Time And Adherence Among 9-14-Year-Olds From 2017-2023, Emily Sandoval

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

The HPV (Human Papillomavirus) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections, in the United States. Since its development in 1991, the HPV vaccine has been proven to be highly effective against the infection (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2024). In order for an individual to receive optimal protection, the CDC has given guidelines dependent on age. It is important to understand changes in HPV vaccine completion for future public health immunization campaigns and objectives. To analyze how HPV completion and adherence has changed from 2017-2023 among the 9-14-year-old population, a retrospective cohort study was conducted utilizing …

An Evidence-Based Intervention To Increase Trypanosoma Cruzi, A Neglected Parasitic Infection, Diagnosis In Rural And Moderate-Size-City Us Clinics, M K. Lynn, Hunter M. Boehme, Jeffrey Hall, Patrick Kent, Alain H. Litwin, Quang H. Pham, Melissa Nolan Ph.D., Mph, Prisma Chagas Team

Faculty Publications

Background

Chagas disease is a chronic, insidious parasitic infection (Trypanosoma cruzi) that slowly develops to irreversible organomegaly over several decades. The disease is traditionally acquired in endemic Latin American countries during childhood; < 1% of foreign-born adult residents in the United States have been diagnosed or treated with this potentially fatal disease. Low physician knowledge is a primary factor leading to misdiagnosis.

Methods

Starting in April 2022, a 4-part T cruzi clinical education intervention began, which included (i) 2 grand rounds presentations to >100 internal medicine providers; (ii) implementation of a “clinical Chagas champions program” incorporating 14 key clinical staff at varying departments and administrative levels educated on their specific role related to T cruzi screening, diagnosis confirmation, clinical management, and medical billing; ( …

Disentangling The Effect Of Criminal Legal System Involvement On Mental Health In The United States, Pui Ying Chan

Dissertations and Theses

BACKGROUND: Interactions with the criminal legal system (CLS), such as through arrest or incarceration, are relatively common in the United States (US) and are increasingly recognized as social risk factors for poor mental health. Previous studies have reported a positive association between CLS involvement and poor mental health, with some theoretical frameworks, including the ecosocial theory and the stress process paradigm, supporting a plausible causal relationship. However, prior research has significant limitations in providing casual evidence given possible reverse causation in cross-sectional studies and insufficient consideration for the dynamics between CLS exposures, mental health status, and related confounders over time …

Inter- And Intra-Observer Agreement In Ultrasound Diagnosis Of Steatotic Liver Disease: Implications For Screening In Resource-Limited Settings, Maria Spencer-Sandino, Maya Balakrishnan, David Wynne, Ilona Argirion, Paz Cook, Vanessa Van De Wyngard, Noldy Mardones, Ruth Pfeiffer, Allan Hildesheim, Catterina Ferreccio, Jill Koshiol

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Steatotic liver disease (SLD), which is associated with increased risk of cancer-related mortality, needs timely and cost-effective detection. Although liver biopsy remains the diagnostic gold standard, its invasiveness and high-cost limit widespread use. Ultrasound is a practical and affordable alternative. We evaluated inter- and intra-observer agreement for ultrasound-based diagnosis of SLD using images from the Chile Biliary Longitudinal Study (Chile BiLS), a cohort of women with gallstones. These women have a high burden of obesity and related metabolic disorders, putting them at higher risk for SLD. A radiologist (observer 1) reviewed a randomly selected subset of 425 baseline images and …