Epidemiology Commons^™

Spatial-Temporal Variation Of Diarrhea Among Children Under 5 Years Old Between 2010-2020 In Rwanda, Amans Ntakarutimana Dr., Patrick A. Tschida Dr., Elias Nyandwi Dr.

Journal of Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences

We used secondary data from the Rwanda Demographic and Health Surveys of 2010, 2015, and 2020 to assess the spatial-temporal variation of diarrhea among children under 5 years old between the years 2010 and 2020 in Rwanda. Stratified descriptive statistics, pairwise comparisons, and logistic regression designs were used for data analysis in SPSS. A statistically significant variation of diarrhea among children under 5 years old was observed across districts, regions, and urban–rural areas but not at the national level between 2010–2020. Some districts of the Western region, including Nyabihu (OR = 2.5), Ngororero (OR = 2.3), and Karongi …

Sociodemographic Determinants Of Telehealth Visits: A Comparison Of Mental Health And Substance Use Disorders With Other Services, Stanley Nkemjika, Orman Trent Hall, Jeanette Tetrault, Ayana Jordan

Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Discrimination has wide-ranging implications, affecting patients' trust in healthcare professionals and their intentions to seek care. It can cause barriers that can affect access to care, especially among racial and ethnic minority groups in mental healthcare settings. Hence, we aim to examine the relationship between racial discrimination and reasons for using telehealth services.

METHOD: Using the 2022 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS-6), we isolated 6017 participants who reported on discrimination inquiry. The primary dependent variable in this study is self-reported discrimination in healthcare, while the main independent variable is the reason for the most recent telehealth visit, and …

Low Prevalence Of Helminth Infection In Ugandan Children Hospitalized With Severe Malaria, Drew Capone, Nuzrath Jahan, Ruth Namazzi, Robert Opoka, Chandy John

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

Co-infection by intestinal helminths and Plasmodium spp. may be common in endemic communities. In 2003, Uganda instituted a national deworming program, with anti-helminth medication provided twice annually to children 6 months to 5 years of age, but few follow-up studies have been conducted. Several studies have identified a relationship between helminth infection, Plasmodium spp. infection and malaria severity. However, the relationship is not well defined, and results are inconclusive. We analyzed 177 stool samples from a cohort of children with severe malaria enrolled in two hospitals in Uganda from 2014–2017. All children were 6 months to 48 months of age …

Platelet Transfusion Practices In The Icu: A Prospective Multicenter Cohort Study, Van Stefan, Raasveld Jorinde, Andrew Flint, Jimmy Schenk, Claudia Van Den Oord, Merijn Reuland, Sanne De Bruin, Jan Bakker, Maurizio Cecconi,, Marcus Lance

Anaesthesiology, East Africa

Objective: There is a lack of comprehensive international data regarding platelet transfusion practices in the ICU. This study aimed to evaluate the current occurrence rate of platelet transfusion in the ICU and provide an overview of platelet transfusion practices including indications for a platelet transfusion, thresholds, (non-)adherence and geo-economic region variations.

Design: International prospective cohort study.

Setting: Two hundred thirty-three centers in 30 countries worldwide.

Patients: All patients 18 years old and older, admitted to the ICU during a single study week, selected by each site from one of the 16 predefined weeks (March 2019 to …

The Relationships Between Sporadic And Repetitive Non-Suicidal Self-Injury And Mental Disorders Among First-Year College Students: Results From The World Mental Health International College Student Initiative, Penelope Hasking, Glenn Kiekens, Maria Petukhova, Yesica Albor, Ahmad Al-Hadi, Jordi Alonso, Nouf Al-Saud, Yasmin Altwaijri, Claes Andersson, Lukoye Atwoli

Brain and Mind Institute

Background: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is associated with mental disorders, yet work regarding the direction of this association is inconsistent. We examined the prevalence, comorbidity, time–order associations with mental disorders, and sex differences in sporadic and repetitive NSSI among emerging adults.

Methods: We used survey data from n = 72,288 first-year college students as part of the World Mental Health-International College Student Survey Initiative (WMH-ICS) to explore time–order associations between onset of NSSI and mental disorders, based on retrospective age-of-onset reports using discrete-time survival models. We distinguished between sporadic (1–5 lifetime episodes) and repetitive (≥6 lifetime episodes) NSSI in …

Curing The Peasant's Disease : Frank Oldt’S Work And Research On Hookworm Disease In South China, 1905-1926, Jiaying Fu

Lingnan Theses (MPhil & PhD)

While current scholarship on “hygienic modernity” in China focuses on the construction of urban health systems and institutional infrastructures, this study proposes an alternative analytical lens by foregrounding the domain of agricultural health. It aims to investigate how early twentieth-century medical researchers uncovered public health models grounded in China’s agrarian conditions. Taking the case of Frank Oldt (1879–1976), a medical missionary living in Guangdong between 1905 and 1926, this research examines how he identified, interpreted, and sought to mitigate the problem of hookworm disease—a parasitic condition intricately linked to China’s farming practices and rural environmental conditions.

Specifically, this thesis aims …

Weight Gain Among Tuberculosis Patients And Its Association With Socio-Demographic Profile And Disease-Related Characteristics In Urban And Rural Areas Of Mysuru., Sana Khader M, Smitha Malenahalli Chandrashekarappa, Anchu R Nath, Arun Gopi

Digital Journal of Clinical Medicine

Background: Tuberculosis remains a major public health burden in India, accounting for 25% of the global tuberculosis cases. Weight gain during tuberculosis treatment is a key recovery indicator influenced by sociodemographic and clinical factors. Addressing these challenges is crucial for achieving India’s Tuberculosis elimination goal by 2025.

Objectives: To assess weight gain across different phases of anti tubercular therapy among tuberculosis patients in urban and rural Mysuru, and to determine its association with sociodemographic and disease-related characteristics.

Methodology: A retrospective cross-sectional study was done using secondary data of tuberculosis patients who attended primary health care centers in …

Patients´ Characteristics And Six-Month Outcomes Of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation In Kenya: A Retrospective Observational Cohort Study From The National Cardiovascular Registry, Salim Abdallah, Jasmit Shah, Anders Barasa, Felix Barasa, Benard Gitura, Mzee Ngunga

Internal Medicine, East Africa

Introduction: atrial fibrillation is increasingly diagnosed in Kenya due to the persistence of rheumatic heart disease and the rising burden of cardiovascular risk factors. We aim to describe the baseline, clinical, treatment characteristics, and six-month outcomes of patients diagnosed with atrial fibrillation in Kenya.

Methods: a retrospective observational cohort study design was employed. Data were obtained from three Kenyan referral hospitals, including public and private institutions. Baseline and six-month data were collected. Depending on the type of variable, data were summarized descriptively.

Results: two hundred forty participants were enrolled, with a median age of 59.0 (IQR: 42.0-75.8). …

Induction Of An Early Ifn-Γ Cellular Response And High Plasma Levels Of Sdf-1Α Are Inversely Associated With Covid-19 Severity And Residence In Rural Areas In Kenyan Patients, Perpetual Wanjiku, Benedict Orindi, John Kimotho, Shahin Sayed, Reena Shah, Mansoor Saleh, Viviane Olouch, Ann Karanu, Jasmit Shah, Zaitun Nneka

Pathology, East Africa

Introduction COVID-19 was less severe in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) compared with Europe and North America. It is unclear whether these differences could be explained immunologically. Here we determined levels of ex vivo SARS-CoV-2 peptide-specific IFN-γ producing cells, and plasma cytokines and chemokines over the first month of COVID-19 diagnosis among Kenyan COVID-19 patients from urban and rural areas.

Methods Between June 2020 and August 2022, we recruited and longitudinally monitored 188 COVID-19 patients from two regions in Kenya, Nairobi (urban, n=152) and Kilifi (rural, n=36), with varying disease severity – severe, mild/moderate, and asymptomatic. IFN-γ secreting cells were enumerated at …

Tissue-Specific Distribution Of Microplastics In Human Blood And Carotid Plaques: A Paired Sample Analysis, Cancan Cui, Zheng Guo, Yanxi Liu, Ning Han, Jiayin Song, Yuanmei Chen, Yulu Zheng, Chen Sheng, Lois Balmer, Haibin Li, Rui Liu, Lin Liu, Jianshi Du, Zhiyuan Wu

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Backgrounds: Microplastics (MPs) have been increasingly detected in human tissues, raising concerns about their role in cardiovascular disease. However, their distribution in matched blood and vascular tissues, such as atherosclerotic plaques, remains poorly understood. Methods: Paired blood and carotid plaque samples were analyzed for 12 polymer types of MPs using pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry among twenty patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy. Results: The mean concentration of total MPs was 75.2 μg/g in blood and 432.9 μg/g in plaque. Polyethylene (PE) dominated blood samples (46.5 %), followed by polyvinyl chloride (PVC, 16.8 %) and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR, 16.3 %). In plaques, MPs were …

The Association Between Irregular Sleep Patterns And Learning Outcomes: Implications For Students’ Health In Iraq, Hazhmat Ali, Dildar Haji Musa, Ary Habeeb Mohammed, Hiwa Abdulraheem, Sherzad Salahadeen, Alind Mustafa

Makara Journal of Health Research

Background: Students often exhibit irregular sleep patterns due to rigorous academic workloads, which exert a considerable negative impact on their mental health. The present study aims to investigate the influence of irregular sleep on academic performance.

Methods: This study recruited a cohort of 409 medical students of both genders. Upon their consent, participants filled out a closed-ended questionnaire on various sleep parameters, including sleep habits, duration, and environment.

Results: Students with irregular sleep patterns reported higher rates of sleep deprivation, late sleep onset, and troubled sleep. Moreover, they spent a longer duration using smart devices before bedtime …

Risk Factors Of Acute Gastroenteritis And The Implementation Of Community-Based Total Sanitation In Banyuwangi, Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study, Citra Al Karina, Juniastuti Juniastuti, Budi Utomo, I Made Dwi Mertha Adnyana

Makara Journal of Health Research

Background: In Banyuwangi Regency, Indonesia, diarrhea remains a major health problem, even though the community-based total sanitation (CBTS) program has been implemented for ten years. This household survey study aimed to identify the risk factors of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) and to evaluate the implementation of CBTS in Banyuwangi Regency.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Banyuwangi Regency. Characteristic data from patients with AGE were collected from the two primary healthcare working areas, followed by collecting data of their family members and CBTS in their houses. Data were obtained through interviews and direct observation. The CBTS evaluation results …

Determinan Ketidakpatuhan Kunjungan Pengambilan Obat Antiretroviral Pasien Hiv/Aids Di Kabupaten Bekasi Tahun 2023-2024, Intan Ully Athalia Sihombing, Mondastri Korib Sudaryo, Helda Helda, Helwiah Umniyati, Irva Zulviya Hasyim

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Non-adherence to scheduled antiretroviral (ARV) medication pickup can reduce treatment effectiveness, increase the risk of drug resistance, and contribute to poor HIV infection control. This study aimed to identify factors associated with missed ARV pickup appointments among people living with HIV/AIDS in Bekasi District. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data from HIV/AIDS patients undergoing ARV therapy in 2023–2024. Data were analyzed descriptively (univariate), using Chi-square tests (bivariate), and log-binomial regression (multivariate). Among 811 patients, 341 (42%) were recorded as non-adherent to their medication pickup schedule. The results showed that having an unsuppressed viral load (>50 copies/ml) …

Gambaran Kasus Parotitis Anak Sekolah Dasar Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Loa Bakung, Irfansyah Baharuddin Pakki, Resda Herliani, Noorhayaty Noorhayaty, Vicca Yulia Insany, Arista Dian Yuniasih, Ratih Fianni Sigit

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Parotitis is a disease caused by mumps virus infection. The infection attacks the parotid glands, causing symptoms such as fever, swelling on the side of the face accompanied by pain. Data from the Samarinda City Health Office shows that there were 380 cases of mumps from September to early October 2024. The increase in cases also occurred among elementary school children, but there is no definitive data yet that illustrates the number and distribution of parotitis cases. The aim of this study is to identify the risk factors for mumps in elementary school children in the Loa Bakung working area. …

Hubungan Karakteristik Kontak Erat Dengan Pengetahuan, Sikap, Dan Perilaku Pencegahan Tuberkulosis: Studi Potong Lintang Di Puskesmas Kenarilang, Alor, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Hanif Abadi, Ezra Maraben Lily

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Indonesia ranks second globally in the number of tuberculosis (TB) cases, accounting for 10% of all global cases. In the working area of Kenarilang Public Health Center, 951 confirmed TB cases were recorded as of October 2024. Close contacts of TB patients are at high risk of infection and may become new sources of transmission if not properly managed. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) among close contacts play a crucial role in TB prevention, aligning with the target of TB elimination by 2030. This study aims to determine the relationship between the characteristics of close contacts and their KAP levels …

Hubungan Kualitas Pemeriksaan Kehamilan Terhadap Kejadian Stunting Pada Anak Usia 6-23 Bulan Di Indonesia (Analisis Ski 2023), Hanna Audila, Helda Helda, Sudarto Ronoatmodjo

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Stunting is still a nutritional problem and remains a major public health issue. Especially in Indonesia, the prevalence of stunting among children under two years old (toddlers) remains high, at 18.50%. The annual average rate of reduction of stunting among toddlers has been relatively slow for over the past 10 years. Therefore, optimizing stunting interventions-particularly during the first 1000 days of life is essential, including through antenatal care (ANC). This study aims to analyze the relationship between the quality of antenatal care and the incidence of stunting among children aged 6-23 months-old in Indonesia, after being controlled by the other …

An Epidemiological Exploration Of Binge Eating Disorder And Its Emotional Roots Among Youth In Greater Jakarta, Henny Kurniati, Yudha Asy'ari, Tri Amelia Rahmitha Helmi, Tonny Sundjaya

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

The rising prevalence of mental disorders among youth, including depression, anxiety, stress, and binge eating disorder (BED), has become a major concern in the context of global mental health. BED, as a form of eating disorder, often occurs with psychological conditions such as anxiety and depression, complicating diagnosis and treatment. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and association between depression, anxiety, stress, and BED among youth in Greater Jakarta. Using a cross-sectional online design, data were collected from 231 participants aged 18-25 years through the Binge Eating Scale (BES) and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). Statistical analysis involved bivariate …

Gambaran Faktor Risiko Waktu Terapi Radiasi Yang Berkepanjangan Pada Pasein Kanker Payudara: Studi Cross-Sectional Di Rsup Dr. Kariadi Tahun 2023, Zahra Zetira Muchtar, Asri C. Adisasmita, Dion Firli Bramantyo

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

In Indonesia, there were more than 58,000 new breast cancer cases with nearly 23,000 deaths in 2020. Radiotherapy is one of the adjuvant therapy modalities for breast cancer. Interruptions of more than five days increase the risk of local recurrence. This study aimed to describe the risk factors associated with prolonged overall treatment time (OTT) in breast cancer patients at Dr. Kariadi General Hospital during 2023. This was a cross-sectional study using bivariate logistic regression analysis to examine the association between national holidays, deterioration of general condition, age, residence, and type of surgery prior to radiation therapy with prolonged OTT. …

Intervensi Booklet Bermarkah Terhadap Peningkatan Perilaku Pencegahan Leptospirosis Pada Ibu Rumah Tangga, Na'wa Nurmalytasari, Heru Subaris Kasjono, Ibnu Rois, Sugianto Sugianto

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Leptospirosis remains a public health concern in Indonesia, including in Bantul Regency. Data from Sewon I Public Health Center (Puskesmas) indicate a high incidence of cases, particularly among housewives who are considered a high-risk group. Effective education is essential to improve leptospirosis prevention behavior. This study aimed to determine the effect of a marked booklet as an innovative health education medium on improving knowledge, attitudes, and preventive actions against leptospirosis among housewives. The study used a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test control group approach. A total of 60 respondents were divided into two groups, namely the experimental group, …

Analisis Potensial Kejadian Luar Biasa Dbd Berdasarkan Kasus Dbd 5 Tahun Terakhir 2019-2024 : Studi Ekologi Di Kota Lubuklinggau Provinsi Sumatera Selatan, Sely Anggraini, Tri Yunis Miko Wahyono, Fitria Fitria, Nadia Putri

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an endemic disease in Indonesia, with a high potential for outbreaks, particularly in tropical and densely populated regions such as Lubuklinggau City. This study aimed to assess the outbreak potential of DHF in Lubuklinggau by analyzing the five-year trend of minimum and maximum case numbers (2019–2023) and comparing them with 2024 data using the epidemic threshold approach. A descriptive ecological study design was employed, with all primary health centers (puskesmas) in the city as units of analysis. Data sources included annual DHF surveillance reports from the District Health Office, field observations, demographic data from the …