Epidemiology Commons^™

Variables Associated With Critical Illness Among Clark County Residence Hospitalized With H1n1 Influenza A Virus During The 2009 Influenza Season., Jonathan P. Hyatt

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Background:In 2009, a novel H1N1 Influenza A virus was detected in the population. Because it can potentially affect a different population than the influenza strains circulating for the past 35 years, it is critical for physicians, practitioners and public health organizations to understand who is susceptible to this disease, and which sub-populations are most likely to suffer critical illness. The objective of this study was to examine the factors unique to 2009 H1N1 infection, with the goal of finding the variables associated with ICU admission (Critical Illness) in the Clark County 2009 H1N1 patient.

Methods:Factors that were assessed in this …

Predictors Of Contralateral Breast Cancer In Brca Negative Women, Ann E. Simmons

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosis and second leading cause of death in women. Risk factors associated with breast cancer include: increased age, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, white race, physical inactivity, benign breast conditions, reproductive and hormonal factors, dietary factors, and family history. Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC) is caused by mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. Women carrying a mutation in these genes are at an increased risk to develop a second breast cancer. Contralateral breast cancer is the most common second primary cancer in patients treated for a first breast cancer. Other risk …

Modeling The Effects Of Substance Dependence On General Self-Reported Health Using Nominal Regression, Taylor Moseley

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

The goal of this research project was to produce a model of the effects of drug dependence on general self-rated health. Due to power issues, two additional models, one for cocaine and one for heroin, were required. The models used data from the 2005-2009 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. The result of this effort was a ranking of the effects of drug dependence on general health for individuals and for the study population. The model controlled for infectious, chronic and mental illness as well as sociodemographic variables. Significantly increased odds ratios were found for alcohol, marijuana, analgesics, and …

Permasalahan Lanjut Usia Di Daerah Perdesaan Terpencil, Laurentius Aswin Pramono, Cornellesi Fanumbi

Kesmas

Dalam kurun waktu 35 tahun sejak tahun 1990, jumlah lanjut usia (lansia) di Indonesia meningkat 414% dan akan berada pada peringkat kelima negara dengan lansia terbesar pada tahun 2025. Seperti umumnya di negara berkembang, lebih dari dua per tiga lansia hidup di wilayah perdesaan terpencil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan membahas berbagai masalah gangguan kesehatan, sosial budaya, pelayanan, dan program-program kesehatan lansia di Kepulauan Tanimbar Provinsi Maluku. Penelitian dengan metode kualitatif melalui observasi, partisipasi, dan wawancara terhadap 30 lansia di dua wilayah semiurban dan 6 wilayah perdesaan terpencil di kepulauan Tanimbar Provinsi Maluku pada bulan April-Juni 2010. Pengumpulan data, …

Risiko Hiperkolesterolemia Pada Pekerja Di Kawasan Industri, Krisnawaty Bantas, Farida Mutiarawaty Tri Agustina, Dinie Zakiyah

Kesmas

Hiperkolesterolemia adalah faktor risiko penting penyakit kardiovaskuler yang menjadi penyebab utama kematian dan kesakitan di seluruh dunia. Penyakit kardiovaskuler yang berdampak kerugian ekonomi dan penurunan produktivitas kerja dapat dicegah dengan mengendalikan faktor risiko terse- but. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi dan faktor risiko hiperkolesterolemia di kalangan pekerja di kawasan industri Pulo Gadung tahun 2006. Penelitian yang menggunakan desain studi cross sectional ini mengamati variabel independen kebiasaan merokok, konsumsi alkohol, ke- biasaan olahraga, dan obesitas. Populasi penelitian adalah pekerja di 7 jenis perusahaan di kawasan industri Pulo Gadung yang berusia 20 tahun ke atas. Penelitian menemukan prevalensi hiperlipidemia 21,1%; nilai …

Perbandingan Tingkat Kepuasan Kerja Perawat Dan Kepuasan Pasien, Jamilla Upik Noras, Ratu Ayu Dewi Sartika

Kesmas

Perawat adalah ujung tombak pemberi pelayanan langsung pada pasien selama 24 jam. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk membandingkan tingkat kepuasan kerja perawat dengan kepuasan pasien terhadap pelayanan keperawatan kelas 3 di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat (RSUP) X Jakarta. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan desain studi cross sectional, pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Populasi adalah seluruh perawat yang bertugas sebagai pelaksana keperawatan kelas 3 sebanyak 40 orang ser- ta pasien yang dirawat di ruang rawat inap kelas 3 sebanyak 120 orang. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purposive sampling sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi. Hasil pengukuran kuantitatif menunjukkan bah- wa tingkat kepuasan kerja perawat …

Kadar Interferon Gamma Pada Kontak Serumah Dengan Penderita Tuberkulosis, Sri Andarini Indreswari, Suharyo Suharyo

Kesmas

Menurut World Health Organization sekitar sepertiga penduduk dunia telah terinfeksi kuman tuberkulosis dan deteksi dini pada kontak serumah dengan penderita memungkinkan upaya pengobatan dan pencegahan dilakukan dengan efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan hasil pemeriksaan tes Mantoux dengan pemeriksaan serologis kadar interferon gamma (IFN - γ) pada kelompok kontak serumah dengan penderita tuberkulosis yang mempunyai hasil pemeriksaan basil tahan asam (BTA) positif. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kohort pada kelompok terpajan dan tidak terpajan pada penderita tuberkulosis (umur > 15 tahun). Pemilihan subjek dilakukan secara acak sederhana dan jumlah yang digunakan adalah 34 orang pada masing-masing kelompok. Penelitian ini menggunakan tes Mantoux …

Demographics And Survival Of Aids Cases With Cancer, Washington, Dc, 1996-2006, Heather A. Young, Eric Engels, Anne-Marie Sufian-Kargbo, Alicia Vargas, Kathleen Rogers, Tiffany West, Amanda D. Castel

Epidemiology Faculty Publications

Background

Washington, DC (DC) has one of the highest HIV/AIDS rates in the U.S and cancer is the second leading cause of death among DC residents. This study sought to examine the demographic characteristics and survival of persons with AIDS defining cancers (ADCs) compared to those with non-AIDS defining cancers (NADCs) between the early HAART era (1996-2001) and the late HAART era (2002-2006) in DC.

Methods

Cases reported from 1996-2006 to the DC Cancer Registry and the AIDS Surveillance Registry were linked using a probabilistic matching algorithm. Cases were included if the cancer occurred from 4 months to 60 months …

High And Persistent Hiv Seroincidence In Men Who Have Sex With Men Across 47 U.S. Cities, Marta-Louise Ackers, Alan E. Greenberg, Carol Y. Lin, Bradford N. Bartholow, Adrian Hirsch Goodman, Michael Longhi, Marc Gurwith

Epidemiology Faculty Publications

Objective

To provide HIV seroincidence data among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States and to identify predictive factors for seroconversion.

Methods

From 1998–2002, 4684 high-risk MSM, age 18–60 years, participated in a randomized, placebo-controlled HIV vaccine efficacy trial at 56 U.S. clinical trial sites. Demographics, behavioral data, and HIV status were assessed at baseline and 6 month intervals. Since no overall vaccine efficacy was detected, data were combined from both trial arms to calculate HIV incidence based on person-years (py) of follow-up. Predictors of seroconversion, adjusted hazards ratio (aHR), were evaluated using a Cox proportional …

Epidemiology News, Georgia Southern University

Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Environmental Health Sciences: News & Publications (2011-2018)

• Project ADEPT

Exploring The Social Determinants Of Sexually Transmitted Disease And High-Risk Sexual Behaviors, River Pugsley

Theses and Dissertations

Abstract 1: A multi-level assessment of disproportionate population sex ratios and high-risk sexual behaviors among STD clinic patients Low male-to-female sex ratios in a population may influence high-risk sexual behaviors, such as multiple sex partners and inconsistent condom use, which facilitate the transmission of STDs. This study used multi-level modeling to assess whether population sex ratios were associated with these two individual-level behaviors. All analyses were stratified by gender. Interview data were collected from patients (N = 9,203, 48% male) attending participating STD clinics. Interviews included information on socio-demographics and sexual behavior, including number of sex partners in the previous …

A Social Controversy: Autism Spectrum Disorder's Correlation To The Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccination, Lindsay A. Frye

Senior Honors Theses

A 1998 research study lead by Dr. Andrew Wakefield linked the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination as a probable cause to autism spectrum disorder. This publication has started a significant debate among healthcare professionals and instigated an anti-vaccination movement within the general population. This vaccination controversy was started by parents who readily accepted Wakefield’s findings as truth and frequently would choose to withdrawal the administration of vaccinations from their children’s care plans. There has also been disapproval by healthcare professionals over Wakefield’s study since numerous research teams have been unable to replicate his findings. This disagreement surrounding the MMR vaccination is likely …

Facing An Epidemic: An Analysis Of Hiv/Aids, Antiretroviral Drug, And International Response To The Aids Pandemic, Michael Tate

Annual Undergraduate Conference on Health and Society

More than 33 million people are living with HIV/AIDS around the globe with 68% of all cases occurring in sub-Saharan Africa. The global prevalence rate is shocking considering that the disease was relatively unknown just 30 years ago. After reviewing medical, health policy, and health statistical journals, I will argue in this paper that international aid to nations struggling with AIDS needs to be redirected and refocused on supplying antiretroviral therapy to afflicted nations because ARV has been proven to be effective in managing the disease in countries that can afford the costs of treatment. International aid to countries that …

Preventable Asthma Episodes Among Urban/Rural Children And Adolescents: A Comparative Study, Saundra Glover, Crystal N. Piper, Edith Williams, Kevin Bennett, Winifred Thompson, Lucy Annang, Shaniece Charlemagne, Rahnuma Hassan

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Context: Asthma is a chronic respiratory illness that is increasing in prevalence among children in the United States. A limited number of studies have examined the relationship between rurality and the prevalence of asthma in minority children, and those studies found mixed results. The aim of this study is to examine urban/rural locality and its impact on asthma episodes and preventable emergency department visits, and to provide quantitative evidence concerning the relationship between patient characteristics and geographic location. Methods: This is a retrospective study and secondary data analysis of the 2000 National Health Interview Survey. Parametric testing using Univariate/Bivariate/Multivariate analysis …

A Health Needs Assessment Of Arab-Americans In The Washington, Dc Area, Reem N. Ghoneim, Amita N. Vyas

GW Research Days 2012 and Earlier

Although Arab-Americans often face various health challenges due to the stress associated with immigration, cultural conflict in the U.S., and limited knowledge of the complex U.S. health system, there is a paucity of research examining health risks and behaviors among this ethnic group. This cross-sectional study assessed the health needs among Arabs living in the Washington, DC metropolitan area. Participants were recruited to take the survey online, reporting on health care access and utilization, risk behaviors, and health status. It also measured for associations between reported depression, discrimination, acculturation, and health. Quantitative analysis showed correlations between age and current tobacco …

Individual And Social Determinants Of Multiple Chronic Disease Behavioral Risk Factors Among Youth, Arsham Alamian, Gilles Paradis

ETSU Faculty Works

BACKGROUND: Behavioral risk factors are known to co-occur among youth, and to increase risks of chronic diseases morbidity and mortality later in life. However, little is known about determinants of multiple chronic disease behavioral risk factors, particularly among youth. Previous studies have been cross-sectional and carried out without a sound theoretical framework.

METHODS: Using longitudinal data (n = 1135) from Cycle 4 (2000-2001), Cycle 5 (2002-2003) and Cycle 6 (2004-2005) of the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth, a nationally representative sample of Canadian children who are followed biennially, the present study examines the influence of a set of …

Progestogens To Prevent Preterm Birth In Twin Pregnancies: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis Of Randomized Trials., Ewoud Schuit, Sarah Stock, Rolf H.H. Groenwold, Kimberly Maurel, C. Andrew Combs, Thomas Garite, Catherine Y. Spong, Elizabeth A. Thom, Dwight J. Rouse, Steve N. Caritis, George Saade, Julia M. Zachary, Jane E. Norman, Line Rode, Katharina Klein, Ann Tabor, Elcin Cetingoz, John C. Morrison, Everett F. Magann, Christian M. Briery, Vicente Serra, Alfredo Perales, Juan Meseguer, Anwar Nassar, Arianne C. Lim, Karel G.M. Moons, Anneke Kwee, Ben W.J. Mol

Epidemiology Faculty Publications

Background

Preterm birth is the principal factor contributing to adverse outcomes in multiple pregnancies. Randomized controlled trials of progestogens to prevent preterm birth in twin pregnancies have shown no clear benefits. However, individual studies have not had sufficient power to evaluate potential benefits in women at particular high risk of early delivery (for example, women with a previous preterm birth or short cervix) or to determine adverse effects for rare outcomes such as intrauterine death.

Methods/design

We propose an individual participant data meta-analysis of high quality randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of progestogen treatment in women with a twin pregnancy. The …

Does Access To A Family Physician Matter For Adolescents?, Bridget L. Ryan, Moira Stewart, M. Karen Campbell, John Koval, Amardeep Thind

RDC@Western Research Highlights

No abstract provided.

Associations Between The Quality Of The Residential Built Environment And Pregnancy Outcomes Among Women In North Carolina, Marie Lynn Miranda, Lynne C. Messer, Gretchen L. Kroeger

Community Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: The built environment, a key component of environmental health, may be an important contributor to health disparities, particularly for reproductive health outcomes.Objective: In this study we investigated the relationship between seven indices of residential built environment quality and adverse reproductive outcomes for the City of Durham, North Carolina (USA).

Methods: We surveyed approximately 17,000 residential tax parcels in central Durham, assessing > 50 individual variables on each. These data, collected using direct observation, were combined with tax assessor, public safety, and U.S. Census data to construct seven indices representing impor­tant domains of the residential built environment: housing damage, property disorder, …

Does Secondary Inflammatory Breast Cancer Represent Post-Surgical Metastatic Disease?, Salman Hashmi, Ladan Zolfaghari, Paul H. Levine

Epidemiology Faculty Publications

The phenomenon of accelerated tumor growth following surgery has been observed repeatedly and merits further study. Inflammatory breast carcinoma (IBC) is widely recognized as an extremely aggressive malignancy characterized by micrometastasis at the time of diagnosis, with one interesting subgroup defined as secondary IBC where pathologically identifiable IBC appears after surgical treatment of a primary non-inflammatory breast cancer. One possible mechanism can be related to the stimulation of dormant micrometastasis through local angiogenesis occurring as part of posttraumatic healing. In this report, we review cases of secondary IBC and others where localized trauma was followed by the appearance of IBC …