Epidemiology Commons^™

Intervention For Cognitive Reserve Enhancement In Delaying The Onset Of Alzheimer's Symptomatic Expression (Increase), A Randomized Controlled Trial: Rationale, Study Design, And Protocol, Daniela C. Moga, Brooke F. Beech, Erin L. Abner, Frederick A. Schmitt, Riham H. El Khouli, Ashley I. Martinez, Lynne Eckmann, Mark Huffmyer, Rosmy George, Gregory A. Jicha

Pharmacy Practice and Science Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: The course of Alzheimer's disease (AD) includes a 10-20-year preclinical period with progressive accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the absence of symptomatic cognitive or functional decline. The duration of this preclinical stage in part depends on the rate of pathologic progression, which is offset by compensatory mechanisms, referred to as cognitive reserve (CR). Comorbid medical conditions, psychosocial stressors, and inappropriate medication use may lower CR, hastening the onset of symptomatic AD. Here, we describe a randomized controlled trial (RCT) designed to test the efficacy of a medication therapy management (MTM) intervention to reduce inappropriate …

Association Of Obesity And Negative Acid-Fast Bacilli Finding Among Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Nadya Magfira, Md Ikhsan Mokoagow, Ida Ayu Kshanti, Helda Helda

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

non-diabetes mellitus population. However, it’s effect on PTB in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patient is unclear. The study aims to determine the association between obesity and PTB in patient with T2DM. A cross sectional study was held in in-patient, The Department of Internal Medi cine, Fatmawati General Hospital from January 2015 to December 2017. This study includes patient with T2DM who had been diagnosed with PTB and age > 18 years old. In this study negative Acid-fast-bacilli (AFB) founding defined as patient’s sputum is negative by smear microscopy, while obesity define as body mass index > 24.9 kg/m2. From 363 PTB …

Faktor-Faktor Yang Berkontribusi Terhadap Kejadian Luar Biasa Hepatitis A Di Pesantren X Kab. Cirebon, Januari 2018, Ima Ananda, Syahrizal Syarif, Ade Nurlina

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Kejadian luar biasa Hepatitis A di Pondok Pesantren X pada bulan Januari 2018 merupakan KLB Hepatitis A pertama di Kabupaten Cirebon. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor risiko kejadian suspek Hepatitis A di Pondok Pesantren X Kabupaten Cirebon. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kasus kontrol dengan jumlah kasus 30 orang dan kontrol 53 orang. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh santri Pondok Pesantren X Kabupaten Cirebon. Kasus adalah suspek hepatitis A yaitu santri Pondok Pesantren X yang mengalami gejala jaundice dan air kencing berwarna seperti teh pada periode Desember 2017-Januari 2018. Kontrol adalah santri Pondok Pesantren X yang tidak mengalami gejala jaundice dan …

Hubungan Wilayah Tempat Tinggal Dengan Pemberian Asi Ekslusif Pada Anak 0-5 Bulan Di Indonesia (Analisis Data Survei Demografi Kesehatan Indonesia) Tahun 2017, Andi Karnila, Krisnawati Bantas

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

ASI ekslusif dapat mencegah morbiditas dan mortalitas pada anak. Wilayah tempat tinggal perkotaan dan pedesaan memiliki keterkaitan dengan praktek pemberian ASI ekslusif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara wilayah tempat tinggal dengan praktek pemberian ASI ekslusif pada anak 0-5 bulan di Indonesia. Desain studi penelitian yaitu cross sectional menggunakan data sekunder Survei Demografi Kesehatan Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan diseluruh provinsi di Indonesia. Variabel dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari ASI ekslusif sebagai variabel dependen, wilayah tempat tinggal sebagai variabel independen dan variabel perancu yang terdiri dari umur ibu, pendidikan ibu, paritas, kondisi depresi ibu, status bekerja, status ekonomi, status pernikahan, …

Pemberantasan Sarang Nyamuk 3m Plus Terhadap Kejadian Demam Berdarah Dengue Di Puskesmas Payung Sekaki Kota Pekanbaru; Studi Kasus Kontrol, Tyagita Widya Sari, Retno Putri

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) adalah penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh virus Dengue dan ditularkan melalui gigitan nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Riau melaporkan jumlah kasus DBD sebanyak 277 dan Case Fatality Rate (CFR) DBD sebesar 1,4% pada tahun 2016, di mana kasus terbanyak berasal dari Kota Pekanbaru yaitu 58 kasus dengan CFR sebesar 0%. Adapun, CFR DBD di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Payung Sekaki meningkat dari 0% pada tahun 2015 menjadi 0,7% pada tahun 2016. DBD merupakan penyakit berbasis lingkungan yang dapat dicegah dengan melakukan tindakan pengendalian vektor, antara lain dengan pemberantasan sarang nyamuk (PSN) dan tindakan pencegahan lainnya. Akan …

Pengaruh Inisiasi Menyusu Dini Terhadap Kematian Neonatal Pada Bayi Berat Lahir >2500 Gram Dan Pada Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah Di Indonesia, Ana Maina Rezky, Asri C. Adisasmita

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Kematian balita banyak terjadi pada masa neonatal. Inisiasi menyusu dini merupakan salah satu bentuk perawatan esensial saat lahir dan sebagai kunci awal dalam meningkatkan kelangsungan hidup bayi neonatal. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh inisiasi menyusu dini terhadap kematian neonatal pada bayi berat lahir > 2500 gram dan pada bayi berat lahir rendah di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan data yang bersumber dari Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia tahun 2012. Data yang dikumpulkan dalam SDKI diperoleh melalui wawancara responden menggunakan kuesioner. Metode pengambilan sampel yang digunakan dalam SDKI yakni pertama melakukan pemilihan sejumlah primary sample unit (PSU) secara probability proportional to size (PPS), …

Efek Asi Eksklusif Terhadap Stunting Pada Anak Usia 6-59 Bulan Di Kabupaten Bogor Tahun 2019, Hardya Gustada Hikmahrachim, Rinawati Rohsiswatmo, Sudarto Ronoatmodjo

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Stunting, atau perawakan pendek, berhubungan erat dengan hambatan kemampuan kognitif dan kualitas hidup. Prevalensi stunting di Indonesia mencapai 30,8% tahun 2018. Stunting dipengaruhi pemenuhan nutrisi di awal kehidupan, salah satunya melalui ASI eksklusif. Meskipun cakupan ASI eksklusif di Indonesia sudah 74,5%, hubungan stunting dengan ASI eksklusif seringkali tidak konsisten akibat keberagaman kuantitas dan kualitas ASI. Penelitian ini ingin mengetahui efek ASI eksklusif terhadap stunting di Kabupaten Bogor, sebagai salah satu daerah tinggi stunting di Indonesia. Penelitian dengan desain potong lintang ini dilaksanakan di Puskesmas Kecamatan Ciampea, Kabupaten Bogor, pada Februari sampai April 2019. Kriteria inklusi adalah balita usia 6-59 bulan …

Clostridium Difficile In Asia: Opportunities For One Health Management, Deirdre A. Collins, Thomas V. Riley

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Clostridium difficile is a ubiquitous spore-forming bacterium which causes toxin-mediated diarrhoea and colitis in people whose gut microflora has been depleted by antimicrobial use, so it is a predominantly healthcare-associated disease. However, there are many One Health implications to C. difficile, given high colonisation rates in food production animals, contamination of outdoor environments by use of contaminated animal manure, increasing incidence of community-associated C. difficile infection (CDI), and demonstration of clonal groups of C. difficile shared between human clinical cases and food animals. In Asia, the epidemiology of CDI is not well understood given poor testing practices in many countries. …

Rates Of Benign Heart Tumors Diagnosed In Florida Hospitals: 1988-2012, Robert B. Hood, Elliott Smith, Richard B. Early, Zachary Weber, Sharona B. Ross, Alexander S. Rosemurgy Ii, Randall E. Harris

Florida Public Health Review

No abstract provided.

Validity Study Of The R-Pla, A Resilience Scale For People Living With Hiv, Jinxiang Hu, Julianne M. Serovich, Monique J. Brown, Judy A. Kimberly, Yi-Hsin Chen

Faculty Publications

This study provides psychometric assessment of a resilience scale with a sample of women living with HIV. Baseline data were used from a longitudinal HIV disclosure study of 124 women aged between 18-63 collected between 2001 and 2004 in a large Midwestern city. The Rasch model was used to examine the psychometric properties of the resilience scale. Results indicated that the resilience instrument meets the Rasch model application assumptions. Evidence of validity suggested the resilience instrument demonstrated good item and person fit, as well as good item and person reliability. Most items showed measurement invariance across different age and racial …

Burden And Risk Of Non-Aids Defining Cancers In Hiv-Infected Persons Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy, Brittney L. Dickey

Theses & Dissertations

The burden of cancers not previously associated with an HIV infection, called non-AIDS defining cancers (NADCs), have increased in the years since highly active anti-retroviral therapy has been introduced. The studies in this dissertation attempted to quantify this burden via incidence and mortality compared to the general population. Further, an assessment of risk factors and creation of a predictive risk model, a nomogram, were utilized to better understand how factors associated with demographics, lifestyle, and immune response affected risk for an NADC diagnosis once therapy was initiated and HIV better controlled. Standardized incidence and mortality ratios showed that burden of …

An Evaluation Of Factors Associated With The Perceptions Of Diabetes In A Filipino American Sample Residing In Clark County, Nevada, Lawrence Nartatez Sagadraca

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

This study assessed beliefs about the contribution of the Filipino diet and genetics to diabetes burden and its ability to control it without medical interventions. The data from a need’s assessment survey of 200 Filipino Americans residing in Clark County, Nevada, were analyzed by using the logistic regression model. A significant proportion of the participants believed that diabetes is a problem in the Filipino community (79%) and is related to the Filipino diet (75%) and genetics (69.0%), and that it can be controlled without medical intervention (52.4%). In univariate analyses, age (Odds ratio [OR]: 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01 …

Evaluating Parents Sociodemographic Factors And Childhood Vaccine Decisions, Mehret Girmay

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Vaccination is considered one of the most successful public health achievements of the 20th century. However, with increasing vaccine skepticism emerging over the past decades, there is a threat to the ongoing sustainment of vaccine coverage within all US communities. This study evaluated and compared parents’ sociodemographic factors associated with childhood vaccine decisions. This study is a secondary analysis of 893 parents/guardians, age 18-55 years with child(ren) < 7 years living in the U.S.

Predictive analysis was conducted using multinomial logistic regression modeling was used to examine vaccine decisions (accept, hesitant, and refuse) in relation to parents’ sociodemographic factors. Overall, (66.6%) of parents accepted recommended vaccines, while …

Air Pollution & Asthma Prevalence: Hotspot Analysis On Environmental Injustice In Buffalo, New York, Zuveria Shaguphta

Graduate Dissertations and Theses

This research aims to focus on the historical impacts of segregation in these communities (with Census Bureau data) and whether we see that these are the areas with continued segregation and a disproportionate number of TRI facilities. The third part of this research will be to investigate the presence of asthma in these neighborhoods as documented by the New York State Health Department. Asthma is a chronic disease in which the airways are inflamed due to some kind of external factor causing this reaction. Literature shows that there is a relationship between outdoor air pollution from combustion of fossil fuels …

Chorioamnionitis: Case Definition & Guidelines For Data Collection, Analysis, And Presentation Of Immunization Safety Data, Alisa Kachikis, Linda O. Eckert, Christie Walker, Azucena Bardají, Frederick Varricchio, Heather S. Lipkind, Khady Diouf, Wan Ting Huang, Ronald Mataya, Mustapha Bittaye, Clare Cutland, Nansi S. Boghossian, Tamala Mallett Moore, Rebecca Mccall, Jay King, Shuchita Mundle, Flor M. Munoz, Caroline Rouse, Michael Gravett, Lakshmi Katikaneni, Kevin Ault, Nicola P. Klein, Drucilla J. Roberts, Sonali Kochhar, Nancy Chescheir

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Neurodevelopmental Delay: Case Definition & Guidelines For Data Collection, Analysis, And Presentation Of Immunization Safety Data, Adrienne N. Villagomez, Flor M. Muñoz, Robin L. Peterson, Alison M. Colbert, Melissa Gladstone, Beatriz Macdonald, Rebecca Wilson, Lee Fairlie, Gwendolyn J. Gerner, Jackie Patterson, Nansi S. Boghossian, Vera Joanna Burton, Margarita Cortés, Lakshmi D. Katikaneni, Jennifer C.G. Larson, Abigail S. Angulo, Jyoti Joshi, Mirjana Nesin, Michael A. Padula, Sonali Kochhar, Amy K. Connery

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

A Twitter-Based Network Analysis Of Brain Tumor Social Media, Josemari T. Feliciano

Yale Day of Data

The Brain Tumor Social Media (#BTSM) Twitter hashtag was founded in February 2012 as a disease-specific hashtag for brain tumor patients. To understand #BTSM’s role as a patient support system we describe user descriptors, growth, interaction, and content sharing.

Production Of Physician Services Under Fee-For-Service And Blended Fee-For-Service: Evidence From Ontario, Canada., Nibene H Somé, Rose Anne Devlin, Nirav Mehta, Greg Zaric, Lihua Li, Salimah Shariff, Bachir Belhadji, Amardeep Thind, Amit Garg, Sisira Sarma

Epidemiology and Biostatistics Publications

We examine family physicians' responses to financial incentives for medical services in Ontario, Canada. We use administrative data covering 2003-2008, a period during which family physicians could choose between the traditional fee for service (FFS) and blended FFS known as the Family Health Group (FHG) model. Under FHG, FFS physicians are incentivized to provide comprehensive care and after-hours services. A two-stage estimation strategy teases out the impact of switching from FFS to FHG on service production. We account for the selection into FHG using a propensity score matching model, and then we use panel-data regression models to account for observed …

Healthcare Utilization Costs Of Emerging Adults With Mood And Anxiety Disorders In An Early Intervention Treatment Program Compared To A Matched Cohort, Ava A. John-Baptiste, Lihua Li, Wanrudee Isaranuwatchai, Elizabeth Osuch, Kelly K. Anderson

Epidemiology and Biostatistics Publications

AIM: The First Episode Mood and Anxiety Disorder Program (FEMAP) provides treatment to emerging adults with mood and anxiety disorders in an accessible, youth-friendly environment. We sought to investigate FEMAP's impact on the costs of care.

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective observational study of one-year health service costs using linked administrative datasets to compare emerging adults treated at FEMAP (FEMAP users) to propensity-score matched controls (non-users). Costs from the perspective of the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care, included drug benefit claims, inpatient, physician and ambulatory care services. We used bootstrapping to perform unadjusted comparisons between FEMAP users and …

Chronic Constipation Among Community-Dwelling Older People In The East Coast Region Of Peninsular Malaysia, Patimah Abdul Wahab, Azidah Abdul Kadir, Yeong Yeh Lee, Siti Hawa Ali, Dariah Mohd Yusoff

Makara Journal of Health Research

Background: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, symptoms, and factors associated with chronic constipation among community-dwelling older people in the East Coast region of Peninsular Malaysia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in four selected health clinics using stratified cluster sampling. A face-to-face interview was carried out among the elderly outpatients, in order to complete a structured questionnaire. Results: A total of 400 participants were included in the study. The mean age was 68.7 ± 6.4 years, and 55% of the cohort were women. The prevalence of chronic constipation was 32.3% among the sample population. The …